1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 496 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Romes main avenues. Italys political leaders and some of its male union
2、 chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome. Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over
3、 Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.“ So far, action to improve womens opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,“ says a resear
4、cher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for works.Women, who constitute 52 percent of Italys population, today represent only 35 percent of Italys total workforce and 33 percent of the total number of Italian with jobs. However, their pres
5、ence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going
6、into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man
7、or woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers , engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police,
8、 railway workers and street cleaners.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.1 What does the author mean by “snake through central Rome“?（A）A snake was winding its way through central
9、Rome.（B） The strikers were walking in a long winding line through central Rome.（C） Tourists drove a huge orange tractor through central Rome.（D）The tractor was followed by about 200,000 women.2 What can we learn from Paragraph 2?（A）There were enough job opportunities for women.（B） The women demonstr
10、ated violently for their purpose.（C） A variety of jobs were one of the purposes for the womens demonstration.（D）The women lived in a society without violence.3 Which of the following is true according to the first sentence of Paragraph 3 ?（A）There are more men than women in Italy.（B） Men represent o
11、nly 35 percent of Italys total workforce.（C） Two-thirds of the jobs are held by men in Italy.（D）Women in Italy do not want to work.4 What can we learn about the employment situation for women now according to Paragraph 3?（A）Most of the women are employed in service.（B） More and more women are making
12、 self-employment.（C） Many prejudices for female employment have disappeared.（D）Banks and other financial institutes have employed many women.5 Which of the following is not true according to the last paragraph?（A）Some progress in female employment has been made.（B） The present situation is far more
13、satisfying.（C） There are still not enough job opportunities for women.（D）More progress of female employment is still demanded.5 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good
14、people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isnt hard t
15、o define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so onaccountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultima
16、tely, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned , to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment
17、.Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done!“Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner res
18、traints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you annoy him.The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim.
19、Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized; by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equa
20、lly disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.6 What does the author mean by “the only thing necessary.do nothing“?（A）Good
21、 men should do something to stop the triumph of evil.（B） Good men would do nothing by something evil.（C） A wise man said something wrong.（D）It is necessary for the evil to be successful.7 According to the policeman, internal constraint is _.（A）more powerful to dominate peoples action（B） less effecti
22、ve than external controls（C） to help people who refuse, or have never learned（D）only including guilt, shame and embarrassment8 Which of the following is not the reason for the criminal being considered victimized?（A）He is illiterate because of the school.（B） The church gives him no moral guidance.（C
23、） Their parents dont love them.（D）He grows in an inferior upbringing environment.9 What is the authors attitude toward the comments on robbers?（A）Indifferent.（B） Puzzled.（C） Biased.（D）Disapproval.10 The best title for the text is _.（A）ResponsibilityBe Vital Importance to Our Society（B） A Tidal Wave
24、of Crime Sweeping the City（C） No Respect, No Trust, No Law and Even No Society（D）A Police Officers Daily Work10 The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say,
25、Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers“ (many of whom started out as
26、ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.Incumbents are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler
27、, two car-makers. In future, companies may develop hybrid models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment or office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as Inter
28、net shopping forced Walmart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed ho
29、tels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, incumbents will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of cour
30、se, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.The sharing economy is the latest example of the Internets value to consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive enough for regulators and com
31、panies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.11 According to Paragraph 1, which is NOT true?（A）The first online purchase was made by Amazon.（B） Some people buy cars in order to rent them out.（C） When online shopping appeared, people
32、 were worried about its safety.（D）Sharing economy may provide no opportunities for individuals.12 Walmart and Tesco are mentioned to _.（A）demonstrate the power of Internet（B） show the potential of online sharing（C） reveal the influence of online shopping（D）prove the dominance of certain companies13
33、One potential problem with the sharing economy is _.（A）difficulty in supervision（B） disruption of the economy（C） instability of the market（D）uncertainty of firms14 We learn from the last paragraph that _.（A）sharing economy will not go long（B） sharing economy reveals consumers value（C） regulators and
34、 companies should realize sharing economy（D）sharing economy will replace traditional ways in the near future15 The best title for the text may be _.（A）Sharing Economy and Online Shopping（B） The Immense Potential of Sharing Economy（C） The Emergency of Sharing Economy and Its Concerns（D）Sharing Econom
35、y Will Reshape Traditional Industries Soon15 “If Congress wont act soon to protect future generations, I will,“ Barack Obama said last month in his state-of-the-union speech. “I will direct my cabinet to come up with executive actions we can take, now and in the future, to reduce pollution, prepare
36、our communities for the consequences of climate change, and speed the transition to more sustainable sources of energy.“ This week Mr. Obama named the officials charged with fulfilling that directive: Gina McCarthy, his choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency, and Ernest Moniz, the prospe
37、ctive new secretary of energy. Their selection suggests that Mr. Obama is indeed serious about tackling climate change, but not doctrinaire in his approach.Ms Mc Carthy already works at the EPA, where she is in charge of air quality. That has given her a leading role drafting the administrations mos
38、t ambitious and controversial environmental rules, including limits on emissions of greenhouse gases for new power plants and strict fuel-efficiency requirements for cars. She is the natural candidate to oversee the most obvious and consequential step Mr. Obama could take to stem global warming: a r
39、egulation curbing emissions from existing power plants.Republicans do not fancy that idea at all, and have introduced bills in Congress to strip the EPA of its regulatory authority over greenhouse gases. They often accused Lisa Jackson, the agencys previous boss, of disregarding the cumulative impac
40、t of its many clean-air rules, and suffocating industry as a result.Yet Ms McCarthy makes an unlikely target. She has worked for Republican governors in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Industry groups mustered kind words about her nomination. As Mr. Obama put it,“ Shes earned a reputation as a straig
41、ht-shooter.“16 Barack Obama will take steps to do all EXCEPT _.（A）reducing pollution now and in the future（B） finding more sustainable sources of energy（C） preparing for the consequences of climate change（D）investing more funds in public health care system17 According to the first paragraph, we can
42、conclude that _.（A）Obama will treat environmental protection seriously（B） Obama will limit the use of cars to reduce air pollution（C） America will soon find sustainable sources for their descendants（D）America faces a more serious environmental problem compared with other nations18 The roles Ms McCar
43、thy is playing include all EXCEPT _.（A）placing limits on greenhouse gas emissions（B） introducing bills about environment to Congress（C） drafting the administrations environmental rules（D）supervising Mr. Presidents steps on global warming19 Whats the Republicans attitude towards Obamas step taken to
44、stop global warming?（A）Approval.（B） Skepticism.（C） Disapproval.（D）Indifference.20 What can we learn about Ms McCarthy from the last paragraph?（A）Her goal cannot be achieved.（B） She was once a shooter in army.（C） She used to work against Republicans.（D）She won the support of the President.考研英语（阅读）模拟试
45、卷 496 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 选项 B 对应第一段最后一句。从这一句可以看出有 20 万女性在进行游行示威，他们用了 3 个多小时穿过罗马市区中央，这里的“snake through”意思是“像蛇一样穿过”，选项 B 是一个同义替换，其中的“striker”是“游行示威者”的意思，“winding” 的意思是 “蜿蜒的”。选项
46、 A 无中生有，文中没有提到有蛇穿过罗马。选项 C 无中生有或者说曲解文意，根据第一段第一句来看，开拖拉机的人是一个女人。选项 D 对应文章最后一句的内容，但是却没有解释题目中的这个短语的意思，属于答非所问。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项 C 来自于第二段的第一句最后，文章提到这些女性来到这里游行示威有三个目的，选项 C 就是第二个目的“a different type of job”的同义改写。选项 A 和第一句中“a job for each of us”的意思相反，女性的工作机会是不足的。选项 B 对应第二段第一句，可以看出这些女性是通过摇旗、呐喊等和平方式游行示威的，而不是暴力
47、的方式。选项 D 和第一句句末的内容相反，女性来游行示威的一个目的就是希望这个社会没有暴力，因此可以知道她们是受到了暴力对待的。3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项 C 对应这一句话中的 33这个数据，女性只占到有工作的人数的 33，也就是三分之一，那么“三分之二的工作就被男性所拥有的”。选项 A和这一句中的 52这个数字不符，根据文章内容，女性占到总人数的 52，意思是女性比男性人数多。选项 B 偷换概念，文章中 35这个数字说明的对象是女性，而不是男性。选项 D 无中生有。4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项 C 对应第三段最后一句话的前半部分。选项 A 对应第三段第三句话，但是原文说
48、的是女性在服务行业的雇佣人数在扩大，并没有说多数的女性都被雇佣于服务行业。选项 B 是将第三段的第四句和第五句拼凑起来的无中生有的选项，也就是说文章并没有提到越来越多的女性开始自主经营了。选项 D 对应第三段的最后一句的后半部分，文章提到银行和金融机构现在不关注性别问题，只从商业的角度考虑问题。因此选项 D 属偷换概念。5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 最后一段话只有两句，大意是说虽然有进步，但是情况仍然不理想。因此我们还需要为了女性能够获得平等的工作机会而努力。选项 B 偷换文章概念，对应最后一段的第一句前半部分，文章说的是现在的情况离满意很远，也就是说现在的情况是不能令人满意的，因此选项
49、B 与文章意思相反。剩下的选项 A、C、D其实都是文章内容的同义替换。6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据文章，这句话的表面意思是：邪恶胜利的唯一必要条件是善良之人无所作为，换句话说，意思是，如果好人什么都不做，那么邪恶的事情就会胜利。因此，作者这样写的目的就是要呼吁好人要反击邪恶的事情。因此选项 A 正确，其他的选项都曲解了文意。7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 选项 A 对应第五段最后一句话，这句话中说到，对于人们行为的约束来说，外部控制没有内部控制有效，所以 A 是同义替换。选项 B 刚好和原文相反。选项 C 对应这一段的第一句，但是这一句话和题目的问题没有关系，也就是说它所问非所答，或者无中生有。选项 D 对应这一段的最后一句，但是根据文意，guilt， shame and embarrassment 仅仅是文章用来举例说明 internal restraints 的，因此 D 选项的“only” 过于绝对，缩小了文章内容的范围。8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据题干，定位到第八段第三句，这一句话的冒号往后对应的就是题目问的 4 个原因。选项 C 对应最后一个原因，但是文章中并没有说父
