1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 500 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females , but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturit
2、y, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a ma
3、te. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation
4、is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age
5、of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty
6、for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of todayeveryone being the same in survival and number of offspringmeans that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arr
7、ived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 yearseven the past 100 yearsour lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to
8、 describe those ignorant of evolution; they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.“ No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from U
9、topia we were, they will look just like us.1 What can we learn from the second sentence in the first paragraph?（A）Being a man has always been dangerous.（B） Men have a lower survival rate.（C） There are more women than men.（D）Men are more mature.2 Which of the following is not true according to the fi
10、rst paragraph?（A）Weight used to be a significant factor toward a boy babys life.（B） Boy babies survival rate is as high as girl babies.（C） Today it makes almost no difference for the boys survival condition.（D）Men used to have a lower survival rate.3 What does the underlined word “fertile“ mean (Par
11、a. 2, Line 2)?（A）Being able to bear child.（B） Being able to support healthy plants to grow.（C） Staying alive.（D）Committing suicide.4 Our body did not evolve because _.（A）natural selection has lost its power（B） the biological Utopia has arrived（C） machines and society take our place to evolve for us（
12、D）physical changes have stopped5 The text is mainly about _.（A）mens survival rate is lower than women（B） natural selections power is diminishing（C） human evolution is going nowhere（D）human evolution has a bright future5 Surveys find entrenched (根深蒂固的) pessimism over the countrys economic outlook and
13、 overall trajectory (轨道). In the latest Wall Street Journal poll, 63% of the respondents said the US is on the wrong track. Its not difficult to see why. Set aside the gridlock in Washington for a moment and appreciate the weakness of the economic recovery: Households whose finances were too weak to
14、 spend. Large numbers of unemployed workers who couldnt do so either. Younger Americans who couldnt afford their own homes. Banks that were too broken to lend. Yet nearly a year ago, I wrote an essay for Time suggesting that the economy could surprise on the upside. That hypothesis looks even more v
15、alid today.Despite the pessimistic mood, America is experiencing a profound comeback. Yes, too many Americans are out of work and have been for far too long. And yes, there is a huge amount of slack to make up. In fact, if the 2008 collapse had not happened, the US GDP would be $1 trillionor more th
16、an 5%higher than it is today.But in terms of the growth outlook, the news is good. Goldman Sachs and many private-sector forecasters project a 3.3% growth rate for the remainder of 2014. The first half of 2014 saw the best job-creation rate in 15 years. Total household wealth and private employment
17、surpassed 2008 levels last year. Bank loans to businesses exceeded previous highs this year. And income growth will soon improve too. America is finally returning to where it was seven years ago.As halting as the US recovery has been, the economy is now leaner and more capable of healthy, sustained
18、growth through 2016 and beyond. The US outlook shines compared with that of the rest of the industrialized world, as Europe and Japan are stagnant. The 2008 economic crisis and Great Recession forced widespread restructuring throughout the US economynot unlike a company gritting its teeth through a
19、lifesaving bankruptcy. Manufacturing costs are down. The banking system has been recapitalized. The excess and abuse that defined the housing market are gone. And its all being turbocharged by an energy boom nobody saw coming.6 Most respondents of the Wall Street Journal poll _.（A）are pessimistic ab
20、out Americas general track（B） are optimistic about the countrys outlook（C） appreciate Americas economic recovery（D）feel that they couldnt afford a house7 According to the second paragraph, which one is true?（A）The US GDP has reached $1 trillion in 2008.（B） The 2008 GDP in the US is higher than it is
21、 today.（C） America is recovering despite its peoples pessimism.（D）So many Americans are out of work that its economy collapsed.8 Which one is NOT the good news mentioned in the text?（A）Bank loans.（B） Housing price.（C） Income growth.（D）Private employment.9 We learn from the last paragraph that _.（A）n
22、obody has predicted the energy boom before（B） Europe and Japans outlook is better than America（C） the 2008 economic crisis has destroyed the US economy（D）the American economy has been stagnant since 200810 What is the authors attitude towards Americas outlook?（A）Skeptical.（B） Indifferent.（C） Pessimi
23、stic.（D）Optimistic.10 Tight-lipped elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.“Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, an
24、d each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to
25、find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life
26、and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, an
27、d other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get
28、all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job n
29、ow.11 One can get what he wants on condition that _.（A）he knows what he doesnt want.（B） he knows what he wants and wants the right things（C） he knows where he goes（D）he knows where he goes and go to the right direction12 What does the word “blueprint“ (Para. 3, Line 1) mean?（A）Plan.（B） Blue paper.（C
30、） Routine.（D）A printer.13 Making a blueprint for yourself in the process of job hunting is _.（A）the employers requirement（B） to let you know how to sell your services（C） to make job hunting difficult（D）to make you know more about yourself14 Which of the following is not true according to the text?（A
31、）The account of yourself should include your personal information.（B） The account of yourself for job hunting is valuable.（C） Your could-be employer may know more about you through your rsum.（D）Your resume will decide whether you can be employed by the employer.15 What can we infer from the last par
32、agraph?（A）You have to know yourself before job hunting.（B） Your job is to search a job.（C） Job hunting takes a lot of time each day.（D）You have to sell something tangible when you find a job.15 One reason why shareholder activism has been increasing is that regulators have encouraged it, especially
33、on pay. For a decade Britain has required firms to give shareholders a non-binding annual vote on executive pay. The colossal Dodd-Frank act of 2010 gave shareholders in American companies a “say on pay“, too.Now comes two new moves. On March 3rd the Swiss voted to oblige firms to hold a binding ann
34、ual vote on directors pay: in the small print, the referendum also banned golden handshakes and severance packages for board members, and bonuses that encourage the buying or selling of firms. Then on March 5th EU finance ministers (with only Britain objecting) agreed to cap bankers bonuses to 100%
35、of their basic salary, or 200% if shareholders vote for it.If the Swiss had merely given shareholders an annual vote on pay, it would have been a good thing; but the accompanying bans are not. There are times when a golden handshake to a talented manager can be in shareholders interests: far better
36、to let the owners vote on it than restrict the firm from trying it.The EUs proposal has less still to recommend it. The rationale for it is that banking bonuses have encouraged risk taking, because they reward bankers hugely for bets that come off and punish them only slightly for those that dont. B
37、ut banks have come a long way since the crisis, by deferring bonuses and making them partly payable in their own debt and equity. Blunt laws could undermine such progress. And bonus caps will either hold pay down, thus sending clever people elsewhere, or push up salaries, thus making pay less respon
38、sive to performance. Enpowering shareholders is a good idea; requiring them to channel populist fury is not.16 The Dodd-Frank act of 2010 gave shareholders in American companies _.（A）a right to decide their own interests（B） a right to appoint new executives（C） a right to vote on executive pay（D）a ri
39、ght to increase the salary17 What can be learned from the second paragraph?（A）Executives pay and bonuses may be curbed.（B） Employees salaries will be lower than before.（C） Directors pay will be decided by the government.（D）The new moves will be favored by board members.18 On March 5th EU finance min
40、isters agreed to _.（A）give bankers cap as bonus（B） limit bankers revenues（C） limit bankers basic salaries（D）give bankers a right to vote19 It would be good for Swiss to _.（A）ban shareholders annual vote on pay（B） give managers a right to vote on their pay（C） give talented managers golden handshake（D
41、）give shareholders a vote on pay without the bans20 We know from the last paragraph that a bonus cap may achieve all EXCEPT _.（A）making talents quit（B） cutting down the salary（C） requiring shareholders to cause populist fury（D）making salary less responsive to performance考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 500 答案与解析Part AD
42、irections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 第二句的意思是：在出生时，男女比例大约是 105:100，但到了成熟期，这一比例下降到几乎持平，而在 70 岁的老人中，女性是男性的两倍。从这句话来看，男性从出生到 70 岁，人口比例是一直在下降，因此选项 B 是正确的。选项 A 对应的是文章第一句的内容，不是题目问的对象，属于所答非所问。选项C 只是第二句中 70 岁男女比例的情
43、况，不能代表整个第二句内容，属于断章取义。选项 D 是无中生有。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项 C 对应第一段倒数第二句，这一句话承接前一句，意思是：如今体重几乎没有太大影响。并没有讲今天男孩的生存状况有任何不同，因此选项C 曲解了文意。选项 A 对应的是第一段的倒数第四句，文中提到：50 年前，婴儿(尤其是男婴)存活的机会取决于他的体重，过轻或过重几乎意味着会早早夭折。因此，可以看到，“体重曾经是男孩子存活与否的重要因素”。选项 B 对应第一段的第四句，是文中意思的同义改写：现在男婴存活率同女婴存活率几乎持平。因此，这个题目的正确答案是 C。3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第二段的
44、第一句提到：活着但少生孩子是进化自杀的另一种方法。第二句说现在的人没有过去那么“fertile”了，第三句紧跟着说：除了在一些宗教社区之外，几乎没有几个女人会拥有 15 个孩子。因此，可以推测出，第二句话说的意思是，现在的人不像过去的人那样能生那么多孩子。因此，选项 A 正确。剩下的三个选项都和这里的语境没有关系了。选项 C 和 D 只是照抄了第一句中的内容，与第二句中的 fertile 没有关系。4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据题干，这个题目定位到最后一段的第五句，本句话说，我们没有进化，这一切都归功于机器的使用和社会的变化。因此，我们知道题目的正确答案是选项 C，C 是这一句话的同义
45、改写。选项 A 对应倒数第二段的最后一句话，和题目无关。选项 B 对应最后一段的第一句话末尾，也是答非所问。选项 D 对应最后一段的第二句话，虽然同义改写，但同样没有回答题目的问题。5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第一段末尾提到基因演化消失了。第二段开头提到进化自杀(即停止进化)的方式，最后一句话提到自然选择的力量消失了 80。最后一段开头提到进化已经结束了，包括最后一段中间也提到类似的说法。从这些重要的首尾句可以看出，文章的中心主旨是选项 C。选项 A 对应第一段，是局部信息。选项 B 也是第二段的局部信息，选项 D 和文章中心相反。6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据题干对应到原文第二
46、句：In the latest Wall Street Journal poll, 63 of the respondents said the U.S. is on the wrong track由“on the wrong track”可知大多数人对于美国是持悲观态度的，而第一段首句的“pessimism”也强调了这种态度，故选项 A 是正确的。选项 B 与事实相反，文章说的是 “悲观”而非“乐观”。C 项对应第一段中间一句话：.appreciate the weakness of the economic recovery. 其中强调了“weakness”一词，故该项错误。选项 D 对应
47、原文：Younger Americans who couldnt afford their own homes该项是对文章该句话的曲解，文章说的是“younger Americans”而非“most respondents”，故该项错误。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 A 和 B 两项均对应原文：In fact，if the 2008 collapse had not happened，the U.S. GDP would be $1 trillion or more than 5higher than it is today该句意为：事实上，如果 2008 年的经济危机没有发生，美国的国内
48、生产总值将会比今天的数值要高出 1 万亿美元或者说高出 5。选项 A 意为：美国的国内生产总值在 2008 年达到了 1 万亿美元。选项 B 意为：美国 2008 年的国内生产总值比今天的要高。很明显，两项均是对原文的曲解，故错误。C 项对应原文：Despite the pessimistic mood，America is experiencing a profound comeback选项 C 和这句话是同义替换关系，故正确。文章提到 “too many Americans are out of work”，也提到“the 2008 collapse”，但并没有说是因为太多人失业导致经济崩
49、溃的，故选项 D 错误。8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 文章题目设置在第三段，第三段第三行先出现了“household wealth and private employment surpassed”这样的词，说明就业率增加了，是一个好消息。而后面提到“bank loans”，“exceeded” 这些词，说明银行贷款增加了。最后提到“income growth will soon improve too(收入也将会增加)”，所有这些都是本段提到的 good news，唯独未提及的是选项 B，Housing price，故为答案。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 选项 A 对应原文第四段尾句：And its all being turbocharged by an energy boom nobody saw coming即使当中有些词看不懂，我们至少应该读懂 an energy boom nobody saw coming，对这句话的理解至关重要，这句话的意思是：没人预见的能源热潮。与选项 A 的内容相符，故选项 A 为答案。B 项对应原文：The U.S.
