1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 8 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Anne the Latest Cist of Si Mountain Area DiscoversBy modern standards, the hostile summit of Mount Llullaillaco, in the Argentine Andes, is no place for k
2、ids. The ancient Inca saw things differently though, and so it was that one day, some 500 years ago, three children ascended the frigid and treacherous upper slopes of the 22,000-ft. peak. The three had spent time at the 17,000-ft. level, taking part in rituals that can only be guessed at. Now, acco
3、mpanied by a retinue of adults, they moved steadily upward. They would not return. Once at the summit, the children two girls and a boy, between eight and 15 years oldwould be ritually sacrificed and entombed beneath 5 ft. of rocky rubble. They may even have been buried alive.And there the story mig
4、ht have ended but for the tireless efforts of Johan Reinhard, an independent archaeologist funded by the National Geographic Society. Reinhards specialty is scaling the Andes in search of sacrificial remains; he had already located 15 bodies, including the famed ice maiden he found in 1995. But thes
5、e three, whose discovery he announced last week, are by far the most impressive. They were frozen solid within hours of their burial. Two of the bodies are almost perfectly preserved; the third was evidently damaged by lightning. The childrens internal organs are not only intact but also still conta
6、in blood. Says Craig Morris, an expert on Andean archaeology at New York Citys American Museum of Natural History: “It is truly a fantastic discovery. “What makes it so fantastic is not just the bodies themselves, but also the wealth of artifacts that were buried along with them: 36 gold and silver
7、statues, small woven bags, a ceramic vessel, leather sandals, a small llama figure and seashell necklaces. One of the girls, says Reinhard, “has a beautiful yellow, geometrically designed cover laid over her.“ Her head sports a plume of feathers and a golden mask.Some of the bodies were provisioned
8、with bundles of food wrapped in alpaca skin, which indicates that the children came from the Incan social elitenot surprising, since only people of high status would have been considered worthy of sacrifice. Little is known about the sacrificial ceremony itself; these objects, along with others foun
9、d at the lower camp, should tell archaeologists plenty.The preserved bodies, meanwhile, will give scientists an unprecedented look at Incan physiology. Reinhard and his team took care to pack the children in plastic, snow and insulating foam before hauling them down the mountain, and the Argentine m
10、ilitary whisked them off to the nearby town of Salta. There, experts will analyze their stomachs to find out what they ate for their last meal, their organs for clues about their diet and their DNA to try and establish their relationship to other ethnic groups. Reinhard will head back into the mount
11、ains. There is no telling how many more bodies remain to be found.1 From the first paragraph we learn that_.（A）the summit of Mount Llullaillaco was not hostile in the past（B） ancient Incans used to hold sacrificial rituals on top of the mountain（C） burying children alive was a common practice in anc
12、ient Incan society（D）the three children made the mountain climbing by themselves2 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（A）Johan Reinhard works with the National Geographic Society.（B） Archaeological discoveries depend on the independent work of archaeologists.（C） The Andes
13、 is a treasure for archaeologists in search of sacrificial remains.（D）Andean archaeology focuses on unearthing human bodies.3 Reinhards discovery shows that_.（A）ancient Incans were masters of body-preservation（B） the children suffered a lot before they were buried（C） Incan children from rich familie
14、s were often made sacrifices（D）ancient Incans had grasped a high level of craftsmanship4 Which of the following best defines the word “unprecedented“ (Line 2, Paragraph 5 )?（A）Unexampled.（B） Unusual.（C） Precious.（D）Unpredictable.5 We can draw a conclusion from the text that_.（A）Johan Reinhards disco
15、very will shed light on the study of ancient Incans（B） Reinhard will find a lot more bodies in the future（C） experts can now describe the sacrificial ceremony in detail（D）argentine military are also interested in archaeological activities5 The Brown Fat Has Already Helped to Reduce WeightFor most pe
16、ople, fat is a burden. It doesnt really matter where it appears, we just dont want it. But it turns out that our bodies also make a unique form of fat tissue that behaves remarkably unlike any other: rather than storing excess energy, this fat actually burns through it. Its called brown fat and heal
17、th experts confirm for the first time that healthy adults have stores of this tissue, which researchers hope to study further as a potential new weight-loss treatment.Human newborns have been known to have any significant deposits of brown fat, so called because of its abnormally high concentration
18、of dark-colored mitochondria, the engines that sustain cell activity. The primary purpose of brown fat is to regulate body temperature: the mitochondria-packed cells are designed to burn high quantities of sugar, and release that energy as heata mechanism that newborns rely on to keep themselves toa
19、sty.As people age, however, the body becomes better at regulating temperature, so brown-fat stores shrink and white fat starts to emerge. A research team in Sweden has found that healthy adults retain a sizable amount of fat in the front and back of the neck expressing the same proteins as brown fat
20、.Identifying the presence of brown fat is one thing, but activating it to burn more sugar is another. Two studies confirmed that brown-fat cells become more active in the cold. But before we consider joining the Polar Bear Club, can brown fat actually cause weight loss? Brown fat may indeed allow a
21、person to burn more calories with the same amount of consumption. On the basis of animal models, researchers calculate that 50g of brown fat could burn about 20 % daily calorie an average person takes in. Leaner people tended to have more brown-fat deposits than overweight individuals. Interestingly
22、, women were twice as likely as men to have active brown fat.Still, the findings dont necessarily mean that activating brown fat leads to a slimmer waist. For one thing, the body is especially good at maintaining balance, which is why a boost in calorie-burning can often make a hunger signal and pro
23、mpt people to eat more to make up for the loss. And even if drug companies could find a way to activate brown fat safely, that excess activity could throw off other metabolic systems and damage your health.6 Which of the following statements is true according to Para. 1?（A）All people dont like fat a
24、t all.（B） Fat is a kind of tissue storing excess energy.（C） It is once believed that adults hadnt brown fat.（D）Brown fat can provide a new way to lose weight.7 The word “toasty“ (Line 11 ,Para. 2) has the same meaning with_.（A）warm（B） delicious（C） comfortable（D）tedious8 Why does brown fat get smalle
25、r with the age growing?（A）Because people are getting older and older.（B） Because we have a new kind of fat-white fat.（C） Because we dont need it to regulate our temperature any more.（D）Because human beings only have it in the front and back of the neck.9 According to Para.4,we can safely draw the co
26、nclusion that_.（A）it is totally impossible to lose weight by activating brown fat（B） our brown fat will be more active if we go to the North Pole（C） brown fat can surely make you thinner than before（D）to keep fit,an average person should eat 50g brown fat10 What is the main idea of Para. 5?（A）Why br
27、own fat can not necessarily help to lose weight.（B） Why people will feel hungry.（C） Why people are eating more food than before.（D）Whether drug companies can manage to activate brown fat.10 The Prestige of the Network Speech Violates a QuestionNasty breakups are bad enough. But what if your ex broad
28、cast your dirty laundry to millions? Thats what British actress Tricia Walsh Smith did notoriously on April 10, when she posted the YouTube videos in which she slammed her soon-to-be-ex-husband for everything. Walsh Smiths videos, which were collectively viewed more than 4 million times, reflect mor
29、e than just the despair of a deserted woman. Theyre part of a larger and fast-growing problem: reputation-wrecking online.(1)_“ Now we have this giant megaphone of the Internet, where every little whisper about someone shows up in Google,“ says Matt Zimmerman, senior staff attorney for the Electroni
30、c Frontier Foundation.(2)_Many try to discredit their attackers by posting a rebuttal to the offending post or by asking website managers to remove disagreeable material. Some folks sue their critics for defamation. Still others take the ultimate step, hiring online-reputation-management firms to he
31、lp re-craft their Web image.If you had the resources, you could always launch your own counterattack. Bara-ck Obama, frustrated with the false rumors being spread about his background and religious history, created a website called Fight The Smears to expose them.(3)_ But to win a case, youd have to
32、 prove that intentionally false statements have damaged a lot more than just your feelings. You would also have to know whom exactly to sue, which can be virtually impossible since so many Web posts are anonymous. Whats more, the 1996 Communications Decency Act frees site operators from any liabilit
33、y for posts made by visitors to their sites. “It is ridiculous how you can post something on the Internet and not be accountable for it,“ says Chris Martin, founder of the online-reputation-management firm Reputation Hawk.(4)_“We call the top five search results the danger zone, because you dont eve
34、n have to scroll down to see them,“ says Martin. For $ 1,500 a month, Reputation Hawk will actually create new Web pages that cast you in a positive light (usually with your name in the URL), post links to positive Web mentions of you and start positive blogs. ( Keeping the blogs up-to-date is your
35、responsibility, however.)(5)_ “The answer to bad speech is more speech,“ says Googles Matt Cutts, whos in charge of ranking search results. To start, he suggests setting up a free Google Alert, which e-mails you every time your name appears in a blog post or on a website; this at least lets you know
36、 if you have a problem and, often, with whom.The upside of the ever churning online rumor mill is that it does justice to those subjects who have come by their bad reputations legitimately. For bad guys, the megaphone of the Web can be a very useful thing. For everybody else, its nice to know that w
37、hen the virtual community starts to whisper, you can now shout back.The following parapraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 15, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list AG to filling them into the numbered boxes.A The primary goal of on
38、line-reputation-management firms is to delete the first page of a clients Google search results of all negative links.B Disadvantageous comments spread easily online, but in the real world, they are often easily forgotten. The same kind of malicious statement posted online can spread farther and las
39、t forever.C Once youve found your critics, you have to figure out what to say. The right response will get you everywhere.D These days, as more and more people join social-networking sites, personal attacks against individuals and dusinesses on the Web are being taken more seriously than ever.E If y
40、ou dont have a few thousand dollars to spare, a more reasonable approach is to confront your detractors directly.F Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales was notoriously outed in 2005 for attempting to whitewash his own entry on the site.G If you cant mute your critics on your own, suing them for defamation
41、might seem like the most effective way to stop the problem.15 Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest FeverThe clean-energy business is turning into the next big investment boom, in which risks are lightly ignored. Until recently, recalls Charlie Gay, a 30-year veteran of the solar-power business, venture capital
42、ists were far too busy catering to captains of the information-technology industry to waste time on “hippy-dippy tree-huggers“ like himself. But now the tree-buggers are in the ascendant and the IT barons are busy investing in clean-energy technology.Investors are failing over themselves to finance
43、start-ups in clean technology, especially in energy. Venture Business Research reckons that investment in the field by venture capitalists and private-equity firms has quadrupled in the past two years, from some $ 500m in 2004 to almost $ 2 billion so far this year. The share of venture capital goin
44、g into clean energy is rising rapidly.Clean-energy fever is being fuelled by three things: high oil prices, fears over energy security and a growing concern about global warming. The provision of energy, the industrys cheerleaders say, will change radically over the coming decades. Polluting coal an
45、d gas-fired power stations will give way to cleaner alternatives such as solar and wind; fuels derived from plants and waste will replace petrol and diesel; and small, local forms of electricity generation will replace big power stations feeding far-flung grids. Eventually, it is hoped, fuel cells r
46、unning on hydrogen will take the place of the internal combustion engine which is available everywhere. It is a bold vision, but if it happens very slowly, or only to a limited extent, boosters argue that it will still prompt tremendous growth for firms in the business.Analysts confidently predict t
47、he clean-energy business will grow by 20% 30% a year for a decade. Jefferies, an investment bank that organized a recent conference on the industry in London, asked participants how soon solar power would become competitive with old-fashioned generation technologies: in 2010, 2015 or 2020. About thr
48、ee-quarters of those present, one visitor happily observed, were “cheque-writers“. This “ megatrend “, the keynote speaker advocated, “may be the biggest job and wealth-creation opportunity of the 21st century.“Such exaggeration might remind people of dotcom bubble. But clean-energy advocates insist
49、 growth is sustainable because of the likes of Mr. Schwarzenegger. The Governor is a hero in green circles because of his enthusiasm for environmental regulation. He easily won reelection partly because he seized on global warming as a concern and signed into lawAmericas first wide-ranging scheme to cap greenhouse-gas emissions.16 According to the first two paragraphs, we can learn that_.（A）clean energy business is booming while the risks are totally ove
