1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 92 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 An ecosystem is a group of animals and plants living in a specific region and interacting with one another and with their physical environment. Ecosystem
2、s include physical and chemical components, such as soils, water, and nutrients that support the organisms living there and the interactions among all organisms in a given habitat. People are part of the ecosystems where they live and work. Human activities can harm or destroy local ecosystems unles
3、s land development for housing or businesses is carefully planned to conserve and sustain the ecology of the area.The “natural succession“ of plant and animal communities refers to the changes in animal and plant life of a region as a result of environmental changes. With changes in environment, the
4、 previous animal and plant life disappears and is succeeded by new types, adapted to new conditions. A knowledge of succession is very important in tackling the problem of conservation. For example, if a forest is destroyed, the mosses and ferns of that forest, requiring shade, and the forest animal
5、s, requiring protection and food, will disappear and be replaced by insects and other animals common to the grassland and shrub area that had preceded the forest.We need to use traditional methods of soil conservation. Planting of terracing to strip cropping, all bind the soil and absorb rain runoff
6、, preventing land erosion. We currently over-rely on high yield farming that shows disregard for ecology. It is an understanding of succession that keeps nature in balance. When we manipulate the land in an unnatural way, using chemicals and indiscriminate logging we are showing our ignorance of nat
7、ural succession.1 An ecosystem can most accurately be defined as a_.（A）geographical area（B） community（C） habitat（D）protected environment2 Which of the following best sums up activities within an ecosystem?（A）Predator-prey relationships.（B） Interactions among all members.（C） Human-animal interactions
8、.（D）Human relationship with the environment.3 We can infer that the definition of natural succession the author would support would be_.（A）methods of preventing runoff of water（B） the relationship between the environment and living organisms（C） the effect of living things on the environment（D）how en
9、vironmental changes change life within an ecosystem4 According to this author, after a forest fire, the first living things to reappear would be（A）algae（B） insects（C） mosses and ferns（D）forest animals5 What is the main idea of the third paragraph?（A）An ecosystem is a community that includes animals,
10、 plants, and microscopic bacteria.（B） Local ecosystems depend on each other, so human activity should be cautiously planned.（C） In managing the ecology of an area, we should use natural succession to our advantage.（D）People should remember that they are a part of the ecosystems where they live and w
11、ork.5 Given the poor academic track record of public education in many areas of this country, you would think the government and education establishment would be a little less arrogant about superimposing their will on homeschooling families. Its not that homeschooling families are afraid of competi
12、ng with their public school counterparts. According to official reports for the American College Testing Program(ACT), homeschoolers have scored higher on average than students in public and private schools. In 2000, the average composite ACT score for high school students was 21, while homeschool s
13、tudents scored 22.8.This move to make homeschoolers meet public school standards was “odd“ given the superior academic performance of homeschoolers. Nevertheless, some homeschooling families are still reluctant to submit to standardized testing because it would be an indirect method for the state to
14、 gain control over the curriculum. If homeschoolers were required to pass standardized tests geared to public school curricula, is it not inevitable that their families would have to alter their curricula to teach to those tests? This is a freedom issue. Weve seen the extent to which the educational
15、 establishment influences public school curricula, often in directions that many parentsnot just homeschooling oneswould consider repugnant.So despite homeschoolings outstanding academic track record, we can expect persistent opposition from the establishment, sometimes reaching the point of policem
16、en and social workers at homeschoolers homes threatening to snatch away their children. But we can also be sure that homeschooling families will continue to resist this oppression. They deserve our support, because they are fighting over the most fundamental rights of a free society: the right to ra
17、ise and educate children as they see fit. They are carrying the banner of liberty for all of us.6 The author suggests that the chief motivation for forcing standardized tests on homeschooled children is_.（A）one of irrational fear that it is not sharing the same goals（B） to force the public school cu
18、rriculum on homeschoolers（C） that homeschoolers are not properly monitored（D）that they may provide competition with them7 We can learn from the text that now homeschoolers are being required to_.（A）register（B） score higher on tests（C） adhere to the state curriculum（D）take standardised tests8 The mai
19、n opposition that homeschoolers have to the new requirement is_.（A）the test is not fair towards homeschoolers（B） it forces homeschoolers to adopt a public schools curriculum（C） it is troublesome to prepare students for it（D）that standardized tests are expensive9 It can be learned from the text that_
20、.（A）homeschoolers will not adhere to the law（B） homeschoolers will resist based on their constitutional rights（C） homeschooling will probably cease to exist（D）the next step will be to make homeschooling illegal10 Which of the following is the authors viewpoint towards homeschooling?（A）Homeschooling
21、is a form of freedom that needs no regulations.（B） Homeschooling is a better way to educate a child.（C） Homeschoolers need a more flexible form of education.（D）While he doesnt agree with homeschooling, he supports their right to it.10 Its not what Thomas McKay sees in this machine, but what the mach
22、ine sees in him that determines how well his eyes view the world. McKay is demonstrating a prototype device that sends a hundred thousand beams of light into his eye to measure the focusing accuracy of his eyes lens. As those beams travel into the eye, theyre reflected off the retina, and as they co
23、me back they are bent a little bit according to the refracted abnormalities inside the eye. By calculating how accurately the eyes lens bends the light, the Visx machine can determine how much correction the eye needs to see normallywithout a patient ever looking at an eye chart.Its called wave fron
24、t technology. Physics professor Josef Bille pioneered it at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, twenty-five years ago, as a way to counter atmospheric distortion in telescopic images. He was brilliant enough to know the implications of his findings, and soon eye doctors noticed the possible app
25、lications in their field.There are a surprising number of eye doctors who know about the new technology but still insist upon their eye charts. Are they merely luddites who resist technological progression? Not really. Many are acutely aware of the limitations. I myself am no expert in this field, b
26、ut I do know that human vision is more complex than how well our eyes bend light. It would be an oversimplification to simply look at the optical system of the eye and say we have the best correction. Visx wave front technology is a useful tool but optometrists may not yet be ready to throw away eye
27、 charts.11 Why isnt it important what McKay sees in the machine?（A）He doesnt like the machine.（B） An eye chart is better.（C） Its what the machine sees in him that is important.（D）The prototype doesnt work very well.12 What do the thousands of light beams measure?（A）The focusing accuracy of the lens
28、of the eye.（B） Eye color and vision.（C） Where the beams travel.（D）The reflection of the retina.13 When the retina reflects the beams, what occurs?（A）Patients have trouble seeing.（B） The ability to focus is gone.（C） No correction is needed.（D）The lens bends the light beams.14 The Visx machine determi
29、nes how accurately the eye_.（A）can see distance（B） is able to read eye charts（C） bends the light（D）is working15 The authors attitude towards the Visx machine is that_.（A）it is interesting but not very useful（B） he says its a wonderful invention which could replace eye charts（C） it can be useful but
30、he thinks its too early to make a switch（D）too much time and money have been wasted on it15 That people have personalities goes without saying. Pet owners will quickly argue that their animals have personalities too. Yet rather little has been done to find out if such characteristics exist in wild a
31、nimals. One such study, published recently in Animal Behavior, shows not only that some do, but also that the presence of such traits is skewing the way data are collected by researchers. The animals in question are birdscollared flycatchers, to be specific. A team of researchers monitored the court
32、ship behavior of the birds. The 41 males observed were nesting in boxes long used by the species, and a single attractive female was placed in an enclosure on top of each box.First, the team measured the varying intensity of the courtship behaviors displayed by the 33 males that responded to the cag
33、ed female. After they had collected enough data to act as a baseline, they then attached a white piece of paper to each of the boxes used by these males and watched how the males in question responded to this novelty. They found that roughly half seemed afraid of the paper and reduced their courtshi
34、p of the female. The other half ignored the paper and continued displaying as they had done before. In the third phase of the experiment a male was placed in the cage over the box where the female had once been, and the amount of aggression towards this male from the nesting male was measured. In ge
35、neral, those males who had not been deterred by the presence of the paper attacked the newly presented competitor with vigor while those who had been intimidated by it seemed reluctant to attack the putative competitor.Another part of the study analyzed male willingness to fight in the presence of p
36、otential predators, by watching aggressive interactions between nesting males and caged competitors when an unfamiliar human slowly approached the site. Those males who had been afraid of the paper often fled when the human was as much as 20 meters away. Those who had continued their courtship in th
37、e presence of the paper again proved their courage and often kept fighting until the observing human was just two meters away. Lastly the team placed traps within the nesting boxes and monitored which birds were caught. They found that the aggressive, risk-taking males were twice as likely as non-ri
38、sk-takers to be trapped.These results are interesting because this is the first time that differences in personality have been shown in wild birds. If birds, as well as mammals, have personalities, it may make it easier to study the evolutionary pressures that give rise to such systematically differ
39、ent ways of behaving within a single species.16 By writing Paragraph 1, the author intends to_.（A）advocate that pet animals do as well have traits（B） prove that little attention has been paid to the personalities of animals（C） introduce a study focusing on birds behaviors（D）state that people differ
40、from animals because of personalities17 According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is true about the study?（A）It chose different types of birds as subject.（B） It put one female bird in a box while putting males on top of it.（C） It proved that all animals show some kind of personalities.（D）A nu
41、mber of experts participated in it.18 By measuring the different intensity of courtship, the team aims to_.（A）find out which male birds are more attracted（B） get information to build a standard to compare（C） do the research in a novel way（D）figure out how male birds respond to females19 The underlin
42、ed word in Paragraph 2 refers to_.（A）stopped（B） encouraged（C） distracted（D）blinded20 Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（A）Personalities of animals（B） The different courtship behaviors of birds（C） How birds react to predators（D）A study on birds behaviors考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 92 答案与解析P
43、art ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属概念理解题。文章第一句提供的“生态系统”的定义为：“生活在特定区域、彼此之间以及和自然环境之间相互影响的动植物群体。”所以，生态系统是一个群落，即 community。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息归纳题。根据生态系统的定义，其内部的活动应概括为所有成员之间的相互影响。【知
44、识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属概念理解题。第二段提供的“自然演替”的定义为：“由于环境变化带来的一个区域动植物的变化。”【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。根据第二段末尾的信息，一旦森林被毁，苔藓、蕨类植物以及动物消失，代之以昆虫。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属主旨思想题，考查第三段的大意概括。本段谈到我们需要使用传统方法保持土壤，即我们应对自然演替加以有利的利用。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息推断题。第二段指出：“一些家中教育家庭不愿听命于标准化测试，因为这是国家控制课程的
45、间接方法。”可见，国家把标准化测试强加于接受家中教育的孩子的主要动机在于把公共学校的课程强加给他们。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属信息推断题。第二段讲到，一些家中教育家庭反对标准化测试。由此可知，受家中教育的学生被要求参加标准化测试。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。根据第二段的信息，家中教育者反对的是强迫他们采用公共学校课程的要求。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。最后一段指出：“家中教育家庭将继续抵制这种压制。”【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属态度推断题。作者认为家中教育是自由选
46、择的问题，不应受到制约。作者的态度主要体现于二、三两段。B 项不是作者态度的重心。C 、D 两项不是作者的观点。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属逻辑关系题。本文开头指出：“决定托马斯麦凯双眼看世界能力的并不是他从这台机器身上看到了什么，而是这台机器在他身上看到了什么。”这说明麦凯从这台机器身上看到了什么并不重要，重要的是这台机器在他身上看到了什么。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第一段第二句明确说明，十万条光束用来测定眼睛晶状体的聚焦准确度。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第一段第
47、三句告诉我们，当光束从视网膜反射回来时，由于眼睛内部的屈光畸形，反射的光束有些弯曲。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第一段最后一句提到，威视公司的这台仪器可以测算眼睛晶状体屈光的准确程度。【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属态度推断题。最后一段指出这项新技术有局限，并且指出：“仅仅看到眼睛的视觉系统就声称我们拥有最好的校正方法，这是看问题过于简单化。”【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属逻辑关系题。文章第一句就讲到了个性这个问题，通过第二句和第三句将话题引到了动物的个性问题，进而开始介绍一项研究，而从
48、第二段就开始细致地介绍这个研究，因此可知作者写第一段的目的就是为了引出这项研究，故选项 C 符合题意。选项 A 和 B 属于答非所问，选项 D 文中则根本未提到，属于无中生有，故均错误。【知识模块】 阅读17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属事实细节题。选项 A 犯了曲解文意的错误，第一段第五句提到，这项研究的对象是鸟类，并明确说出是 collared flycatcher 这种鸟，而非用了很多种鸟类做实验，故错误。选项 B 犯了偷梁换柱的错误，将雄雌性鸟的位置调换，故错误。选项 C 犯了夸大其词的错误，文中只是说这项研究可以说明一些动物具有个性，而非所有动物，故错误。第一段第六句讲到一个团队
49、参与了这项研究，故选项 D 符合题意。【知识模块】 阅读18 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。题目的表述是第二段第一句话内容的改写。第二段第二句就提到在研究小组收集足够数据作为基准后，就开始，由此可知前面行为的意图就是为了构建一个标准，因此可知选项 B 符合题意。选项 A、C、D 都属于通过文章部分内容拼凑而来，均属于移花接木，不符合题意。【知识模块】 阅读19 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属词义推断题。单词所在句“while” 前后是对比关系，因此可知“deter”的意思应与后面的“intimidated”相反，且前半句中提到“没有被的鸟会对对手发起猛烈的攻击”，因此可知单词大致意思为“被阻碍，被阻止”，故选项 A 符合题意。选项 B(鼓舞)、选项 C(分心)、选项 D(看不见 )均不合题意。【知识模块】 阅读20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属主旨思想题。做此类题需要考生概括各段大意并将其融合。文章开篇就引出了一个研究鸟类是否有个性的实验，之后详细介绍了这个实验的操作过程，最后得出结论。因此可知选项 D 符合题意。选项 A 文章中并未细致叙述，故错误。选项 B 属于以偏概全，只涉及一部
