1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 94 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Do you know when your spouses angry tirade is actually masking fear? Or how to handle a colleague who takes credit for your work? Are you comfortable con
2、fiding in friends? Can you hold your tongue when under stress? If you answered no to the above questions, you might want to sharpen your emotional intelligencethe ability to understand emotions and to respond to them effectively.Just 13 years after John Mayer of the University of New Hampshire and P
3、eter Salovey of Yale coined the term “emotional intelligence“, the concept has gained currency as being just as important as cognitive intelligence in determining successif not more so. Even professional bean counters are getting the message. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ha
4、s adopted a statement calling emotional intelligence an extremely important skill for the profession. How so? Because good accountants must be perceptive, persuasive and problem solvers all of which relate to facets of emotional intelligence.Researchers agree that high achievers often are highly emo
5、tionally intelligent, particularly those in fields that demand keen insight into others motivations and feelingschief executives, salespeople, therapists and military leaders, for example. But theres disagreement over exactly what constitutes emotional intelligence, how to measure it and whether it
6、matters more than IQ.According to psychologists Mayer and Salovey, emotional intelligence is the ability to identify emotions in yourself and others and to apply the information to guide thought and action. Mayer and Salovey see emotional intelligence as a mental aptitude that can be measured using
7、responses to specific questions and tasks.Howard Gardner, a psychology and education professor at Harvard University, prefers the term “personal intelligence“. In 1983, Gardner published his groundbreaking theory of multiple intelligences. He divides intelligence into seven areas: linguistic, logica
8、l-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal. The last two constitute personal intelligence, which Gardner says is the ability to understand peoples feelings and motivations.High emotional intelligence can be an asset, even in fields that would appear to have
9、 little need for it, said Michael Akers, a professor of accounting at Marquette University in Milwaukee. For example, if company executives and their auditors disagree about the proper way to record a financial transaction, repeatedly reciting applicable accounting rules might not be enough to break
10、 the impasse, Akers said.1 In the first paragraph we can learn_.（A）that many people mask anger with fear（B） the definition of emotional intelligence（C） how to be comfortable confiding in friends（D）how to sharpen our emotional intelligence2 The word “currency“(line 2, para. 2)most probably means “_“.
11、（A）money（B） prevalence（C） codec（D）understanding3 According to the text, researchers disagree over_.（A）the existence of emotional intelligence（B） the importance of aptitude testing（C） how to measure emotional intelligence（D）whether or not accounting is important to the study of emotional intelligence
12、4 According to Gardener, personal intelligence_.（A）is more important that spatial intelligence（B） is the same as emotional intelligence（C） is what he means by multiple intelligences（D）has to do with understanding peoples motivations5 According to the text, who can benefit from high emotional intelli
13、gence?（A）People in educational fields.（B） Even people in fields that you might not expect.（C） People who work at home.（D）Those whose jobs involve interacting with people every day.5 As millions of families plan summer visits, the worlds first, oldest, largest, and most envied collection of national
14、parks is facing the biggest crisis in its 124-year history. This crisis marks the unhappy convergence of two very different threats. The more immediate is political opportunism. The other, more insidious threat is the growing inability of the National Park Service to oversee our parks properly becau
15、se of budget shortfalls and management limitations.The current congressional leadership has launched a frontal assault on the environmentan assault becoming even more politicized as an election-year issue. Its goals: to reverse a quarter century of progressive environmental legislation and to open p
16、ublic lands to private exploitation. National parks are only one element in this anti-environmental agenda, but they are a key one, for they are the standard by which American land stewardship is measured.Legislation introduced last year would have materially changed fundamental standards by which o
17、ur national parks are managed, drastically slashing park budgets, eliminating scientific and environmental research, permitting roads through park wilderness areas, even allowing some parks to be closed and sold to the highest bidder.Manybut certainly not allof these proposals were modified or shelv
18、ed during the ugly budget debates. Still, park advocates expect most of these proposals to resurface. Says Paul Pritchard, president of the National Parks and Conservation Association(NPCA), “With this Congress, its an all-out war against parks.“The other issuelack of funds and management limitation
19、shas been building for decades: the cumulative effects of years of budget and staffing cuts on park resources. Despite dramatically increasing numbers of visitors and constant public support for parks, Park Service leaders and successive secretaries of the interior have been unable to effectively ad
20、dress growing and changing park needs.To understandand find acceptable solutions tothe parks crisis, we must look beyond partisan politics. Supporting and protecting the national parks isnt about balancing the budget. Neither should parks be a bargaining chip this Congress uses to undo 25 years of c
21、arefully considered environmental legislation.6 The author believes that the current congressional leadership_.（A）could be doing more to protect the environment（B） cares deeply about protecting the environment（C） refuses to pay attention to the issues facing the environment（D）is actively seeking to
22、damage the environment7 Why are national parks important to American environmental policy as a whole?（A）Because they are a part of the environment.（B） Because of twenty-five years of progressive environmental legislation.（C） Because they set the standard for land stewardship in America.（D）Because mi
23、llions of people visit them each year.8 According to the text, proposed legislation could_.（A）raise awareness of the needs of national parks（B） allow roads to go through national parks（C） eliminate national parks（D）help save national parks9 Despite budget cuts,_.（A）the number of visitors to national
24、 parks has stayed steady（B） national parks have adapted well（C） more and more people are visiting national parks（D）congressional leaders have paid little attention to the needs of national parks10 The authors purpose in writing this text is_.（A）to describe recent environmental policy（B） to point out
25、 the difficulties inherent in protecting national parks（C） to call for the protection of national parks（D）to analyze the current status of national parks10 Lets begin with this single-question examination:What percentage of career-oriented high school seniors are proficient in reading? A few notes m
26、ay be helpful as you prepare your answer.“Career-oriented“ students plan to work, attend a two-year technical or community college, enroll in a four-year college or university with an open admissions policy, or enter the military after high school graduation.Last winter, the Southern Regional Educat
27、ion Boards High Schools That Work initiative tested more than 50,000 “career-oriented“ students. SREBs reading exam is based on the National Assessment of Educational Progress(NAEP). Students who score at the “proficient“ level can understand complicated written texts similar to what they study in h
28、igh school. Proficient readers can analyze and integrate less-familiar materials into their studies and can react to and explain the entire text. They also can find, understand, summarize and explain relatively complicated information.Now, do you have your answer ready?The correct answer is 11 perce
29、nt. Barely one-tenth of the students in the HSTW assessment read well enough to continue their education and to advance in an economy where they must process and understand new and often complex information.The news gets worse. One-third of the students scored “below basic“ in reading on the NAEP-ba
30、sed exam. For male students and African-American students, the results were even more dismal: Thirty-eight percent of male students and 46 percent of African-American students could not find and use information from manuals, textbooks and journals or could not seek and connect information from sever
31、al sources to solve a problem.The poor reading skills of these high school seniors are not a problem of genetics or ability. Rather, schools are failing to engage many students in completing challenging reading and writing assignments. In addition, state and local school boards do not demand that sc
32、hools make “literacy for everyone“ a top priority and do not provide the needed financial and program support. Schools can take a major step in closing the gap between their highest-performing and lowest-performing students by expecting the same effort from students who perform below basic as from p
33、roficient readers.11 According to the article, which of the following is an example of a “career-oriented“ high school senior?（A）A student who decides to not finish high school.（B） A student who plans on joining the Army.（C） A student who works while in high school.（D）A student who is proficient in
34、reading.12 What portion of the students tested in the study were proficient in reading?（A）One-tenth.（B） More than one-tenth.（C） Less than one-tenth.（D）The results were varied.13 Why does the author suggest that students scored so poorly?（A）Because they have poor genes.（B） Because schools fail to cha
35、llenge students.（C） Because they lack ability.（D）Because they come from broken homes.14 The author suggests that the situation could be improved if_.（A）schools provided separate classes for advanced and lower-level students（B） parents would play a more prominent role in their childrens education（C）
36、schools would expect the same effort from poor-performing readers as from proficient readers（D）more attention was paid to the test results15 The picture of the reading ability of high school seniors drawn by the author is_.（A）extremely impressive（B） very encouraging（C） mediocre at best（D）rather blea
37、k15 Half a century before Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck outlined his own theory of evolution. A basis of this was the idea that characteristics acquired during an individuals lifetime can be passed on to their offspring. In its day, La
38、marcks theory was generally ignored or lampooned.Now all that is changing. No one is arguing that Lamarck got everything right, but over the past decade it has become increasingly clear that environmental factors, such as diet or stress, can have biological consequences that are transmitted to offsp
39、ring without a single change to gene sequences taking place. In fact, some biologists are already starting to consider this process as routine. However, fully accepting the idea, provocatively dubbed the “new Lamarckism“, would mean a radical rewrite of modern evolutionary theory.Thats not all. The
40、implications for public health could also be immense. Some researchers are talking about a paradigm shift in understanding the causes of disease. For example, non-genetic inheritance might help explain the current obesity epidemic, or why there are family patterns for certain cancers and other disor
41、ders, but no discernible genetic cause.Lamarcks ideas about exactly how non-genetic inheritance might work were ambiguous at best. He wrote, for example, of the giraffes neck becoming elongated over generations because of the animals habit of stretching up to feed on leaves in high treetops. The rec
42、ent research, by contrast, has a firm basis in biological mechanismsin so-called “epigenetic“ change.Their studies strongly suggest that a pregnant womans diet can affect her childs epigenetic marks. So perhaps it is not surprising that the effect of certain nutrients is being called into question.
43、And diet is not the only environmental factor that can influence the epigenetic setting of some genes. Michael Meaney at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, and colleagues have found that newborn mice neglected by their mothers are more fearful in adulthoodand that these mice show much higher tha
44、n normal levels of methylation of certain genes involved in the stress response. In humans, too, there are troubling hints that damaging experiences early in life, while the brain is still developing, can affect epigenetic settings, perhaps with catastrophic consequences.In theory, epigenetic marks
45、are wiped clear between generations in mammals. Intriguingly, though, the abnormalities in DNA methylation in scientists subjects were not restricted to their frontal cortex: they were also present in their sperm.16 The basic content of Lamarcks theory lies in_.（A）descendants inheritance of certain
46、traits（B） overthrowing the evolutionary theory of Darwin（C） environments biological consequences（D）the change of gene sequences17 According to the passage, which of the following is true about Lamarcks theory?（A）No ones arguing about the validity of it.（B） It is called the new Lamarckism by some.（C）
47、 Some part of it has been proved reasonable.（D）It helps understand the causes of diseases.18 The underlined word in Paragraph 4 refers to_.（A）lucid（B） vague（C） reasonable（D）persuasive19 People start to question some nutrients effect probably because_.（A）the experiments on mice have failed（B） they ma
48、y affect brain development（C） mothers diet can influence children（D）they may disrupt normal biological mechanisms20 By mentioning obesity epidemic, the author intends to_.（A）state the seriousness of this problem（B） prove the influence of Lamarcks theory on peoples health（C） demonstrate experts still
49、 cannot figure out the reason for it（D）explain the genetic cause that lies in it考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 94 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息归纳题。第一段主要总体介绍情感智力的概念。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属词义推断题。可以根据后续提示做出判断。后面讲到这个概念的重要性得到普遍认同。由此可知，该词含义应为“流行”，义同 prevalence。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第三段末尾告诉我们，人们对如何衡量情感智力意见不一。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属事实细节题。根据第五段结尾处的信息，我们知道，加德
