1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 99 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Inventor Dean Kamen took the floor at Harvard Business School to discuss ideas, government regulation, and the plight of the inventorbut his wasnt an ord
2、inary podium. Kamen delivered his remarks atop his moving Segway Human Transporterrecently featured on the cover of Time magazineto a packed house eager to get a first look at the most hyped invention since cold fusion.With his bulky black briefcase perched beside him, Kamen calmly demonstrated his
3、invention also known as Gingerto 350 people at the HBS Cyberposium 2002 technology conference on February 10. Kamen, dressed in jeans and flannel-lined jean jacket, quietly motored back and forth at the front of the carpeted auditorium and delivered his keynote remarks straight up, without notes.Ref
4、erring affectionately to his gray-colored transporter as “this thing“, he discussed his inventions virtues and what he considers its potentially revolutionary effect on human transportation, as well as the trials and satisfactions of being an inventor and an entrepreneur.After a year of media hype,
5、the device was unveiled in early December. Kamens company plans versions of the device for consumers and corporate clients.As the creator of a vehicle that is electrically powered and produces no emissions, Kamen, a career inventor with 150 patents, also used the opportunity to take a few jabs at th
6、e overly complicated energy business. At one point he fell into a brief riff on the fine qualities of energy properties before assuring the audience, dryly, “None of it is as complicated as trying to understand an electric bill.“Kamen presented himself as Exhibit A in the myth of the rabidly success
7、ful entrepreneur. Directing his message toward aspiring entrepreneurs in the audience, he said there are certainly rewards to the entrepreneurial life but its not a life everyone can stand.“The word entrepreneur is associated with success and adventure. From my life, the only thing I can tell you th
8、ats consistently associated with entrepreneurship is failure, and the only thing consistently associated with invention is frustration,“ he said. “There is a long road between the idea and the reality.“1 We learn from the first paragraph that Kamen_.（A）works for Harvard Business School（B） dresses ve
9、ry fashionably（C） is an inventor（D）is a professor2 The speech described in the article_.（A）was given without notes（B） was only attended by a few people（C） was covered by Time magazine（D）lasted for over an hour3 We can infer from the article that before being officially introduced, Kamens invention（A
10、）was researched heavily for many years（B） was widely reported on by the media（C） was thought to be a hoax（D）was known only as “Ginger“4 According to the article, which of the following is true about Kamen?（A）His invention is marketed exclusively to corporate clients.（B） He has over 150 patents.（C） H
11、e believes that his Segway might revolutionize human transportation.（D）He has gray hair.5 Kamen believes that the entrepreneurial life_.（A）is the only way to succeed in modern America（B） is always frustrating（C） is not for everyone（D）is often misrepresented in the media5 Communication is a dynamic p
12、rocess with the interacting components of sending, receiving and feedback. Nonverbal cues may provide clarity or contradiction for a message being sent. If an ironic statement is made with a smile, the receiver knows to find it humorous instead of disconcerting. If we are sending a verbal message in
13、tending to deceive and avert our eyes, the receiver knows we may be lying. Nonverbal cues also influence how we perceive and are perceived. Familiar faces may make us more likely to start a relationship and continue it. Nervous facial expression hinders others perception of our competence and persua
14、siveness. Nonverbal cues can provide information we may not want dispelled. Our decoding ability arises at a young age and increases as we get older, influencing our daily lives whether we are aware of it or not.Nonverbal communication has many functions in the communication process. It regulates re
15、lationships and may support or replace verbal communication. Among the many factors contributing to nonverbal communication are sending and receiving ability and accuracy, perception of appropriate social roles, and cognitive desire for interpersonal involvement or assessment. Difficulties may arise
16、 if communicators are unaware of the types of messages they are sending and how the receiver is interpreting those messages. Discrepancy may also arise if the senders message does not fit the receivers perception of social norms for the particular situation. All parties involved must desire interact
17、ion in order for reciprocal communication to occur. Research in nonverbal communication provides awareness and possible solutions to many communication problems.The ambiguous nature of emotion creates a wide variety of possible interpretations for both sender and receiver. Our ability to nonverbally
18、 communicate accurately is inhibited by internal and external properties. Humans do not display pure emotion. Our affective states are a mixture of varying quantities and strength of emotion. The neurophysiological composition of the human body defines our ability to convey opposing and overlapping
19、emotions at the same time. For example, anger is often accompanied by anxiety and fear. The emotional overlap often creates confusing messages for the receiver. Generally there is not a thorough understanding of our own states. Studies have shown that a few emotions, such as happiness, sadness, ange
20、r and fear, can be distinguished cross-culturally. Other behavioral manifestations of emotion lie on a continuum, defined by the communicators cultural background.6 It can be learned from the article that_.（A）scientists are close to reaching a full understanding of communication（B） communication is
21、made up of several interacting elements（C） we are more likely to start relationships with people who treat us friendly（D）communication requires irony7 According to the author, nonverbal cues_.（A）are primarily used for deception（B） are not used much by children（C） can influence how we are perceived b
22、y others（D）are not usually used in successful relationships8 According to the text, when might communication difficulties arise?（A）When the messages sent do not fit the social norms expected by the receiver.（B） When there is mutual distrust between the involved parties.（C） When the parties involved
23、strongly desire interaction.（D）When the parties involved fail to use nonverbal cues.9 The word “ambiguous“(line 1, para. 3)most probably means “_“.（A）understandable（B） multi-faceted（C） uncertain（D）alternative10 Which of the following statements is supported by the text?（A）Humans can display pure emo
24、tion.（B） Anger is always accompanied by either anxiety or fear.（C） Cultural differences can be easily overcome.（D）Some emotions can be distinguished cross-culturally.10 Most of the fundamental changes in our modern society and way of life have been brought about, directly or indirectly, by technolog
25、y. The list of changes is long and varied: from the nature of war way from nuclear confrontation toward terrorism and low-intensity conflictsto the globalization of manufacturing and services; from the Internet and instant and ubiquitous communications that challenge traditional territorial sovereig
26、nty, to the widespread demise of pyramidal hierarchies; from the urbanization of over half of the worlds population, to the growing gap between the information rich and the information poor.In recent years, a number of significant efforts have been undertaken to address the issue of scientific liter
27、acy, including the ambitious project on science standards of the National Research Council(1996). But the parallel question of technological literacy remains largely unaddressed in spite of its importance. In the population at large and in the media, science and technology are still confused with ea
28、ch other. Many schools often intend for technological literacy just the ability to use computersfar too narrow a view. The fundamental difference between science and technology is ignored or not appreciated. It is the difference between understanding and modifying nature, between searching for the w
29、hys of nature and engineering the artifacts that respond to our needs and extend our capabilities.There are serious dangers in this lack of literacy. Citizens will remain disenfranchised unless they learn how to effectively access and use information. Society as a whole will be unable to respond to
30、the great challenges of the future without at least a modicum of understanding, at the grass roots, of the nature of technology, of the opportunities and risks that technology presents to us, and of how to intelligently guide and use technological innovations.Given the dynamics of society and techno
31、logy, the achievement of technological literacy will require considerable effort at multiple levels. It must become a goal not only for the K-12 system, but also for schools of education. After all, how can we expect teachers to convey to students the exciting interplay among math, science, and engi
32、neering that makes possible our technological world if they lack such an appreciation themselves?11 According to the author, technology_.（A）is the key to eliminating the gap between the rich and the poor（B） has led to many of societys fundamental changes（C） is literate（D）has caused war to be focused
33、 more heavily on nuclear confrontation12 The author believes that scientific literacy_.（A）is often confused with technological literacy（B） is the same thing as technological literacy（C） is a subset of technological literacy（D）is not as important as technological literacy13 A consequence of the lack
34、of technological literacy is that_.（A）science becomes more important than technology（B） society will not be able to respond to future challenges（C） computers dont play an important role in many peoples lives（D）some people are technologically illiterate14 Why does the author suggest that achievement
35、of technological literacy should be a goal for schools of education?（A）Because many teachers lack the proper appreciation of technology.（B） Because math, science, and engineering are all important aspects of education.（C） Because teachers must be technologically literate in order to teach students t
36、o be technologically literate.（D）Because technological literacy is an important goal for the coming century.15 How does the author feel about the current lack of technological literacy?（A）Petrified.（B） Alarmed.（C） Satisfied.（D）Uncertain.15 Who doesnt welcome the sweet oblivion of a good nights sleep
37、? The sad reality, however, is that a decent slumber is increasingly hard to come by. The average adult sleeps an hour and a half less now compared with more than a century ago, thanks to the Internet, e-mail, cell phones and 24-hour entertainment that all take bites out of the sleep cycle. If you n
38、eed incentive to put some of those hours back into it, consider this: the amount of sleep you get may endanger your life. Thats the conclusion reached by a new study conducted in Britain at University College London Medical School.Research has long documented that people may pay for shorter slumber
39、with a shorter life span. Sleep is the bodys opportunity to rest and repair what the day has wrought, and if your heart is working at its 3 p.m. rate when the clock hits 3 a.m., its simply going to wear out faster. In the new study, epidemiologist Jane Ferrie questioned 7,700 British civil servants
40、about their sleep habits over an eight-year period and found that those who slept six to eight hours nightly at the beginning of the study but decreased the amount of rest they got by the end of it increased their risk of dying from heart disease 110%. “When you sleep, your blood pressure drops, you
41、r heart rate drops, and the heart doesnt have to work as much,“ explains Dr. Lawrence Epstein, medical director of the Sleep Health Centers in Boston.The natural answer to getting too little sleep is to sleep moreperhaps a lot more. But hold on. Ferrie found that short sleepers who slept each night
42、for five hours or less did indeed decrease their overall risk of dying within eight years when they snagged two to three more hours of sleep a night by the end of the study. But once they started piling up too much sleep, crossing the line to nine hours or more daily, the risk of dyingnot from heart
43、 disease but from other causesrises the same 110%. Too few subjects in Femes study fell into this category for her to offer explanations of the findings, but others will undoubtedly investigate how excessive sleep can contribute to health problems.16 We can learn from Paragraph 1 that_.（A）the averag
44、e adult sleeps one and a half hours less than last century（B） 24-hour entertainment offers those who cant sleep a way to kill time（C） lack of sleep may harm ones health and even threaten his/her life（D）people always dont have the incentive to get more sleep17 The underlined word in Paragraph 1 means
45、_.（A）obligation（B） sleep（C） hibernation（D）vacation18 The author uses heart as an example to_.（A）state that less sleep means more burden to the body（B） prove that there has been researches on short sleeps effect long before（C） claim that heart can repair itself during the night（D）explain that heart d
46、isease is most caused by lack of sleep19 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?（A）Body doesnt work as much in the sleep as in the day time.（B） Seven or eight hours of sleep is comparably good to peoples health.（C） Enough evidence has shown that excessive sleep leads to health prob
47、lems as well.（D）The study chose people working in government sectors as subjects. 20 Which of the following is the best title for the text?（A）Everyone desires a good nights sleep（B） A study on less sleeps jeopardy（C） More sleep doesnt mean better life（D）Less sleep, more heart disease考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 99
48、答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。从第一段开头我们可以知道，卡门是位发明家。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属事实细节题。从第二段末尾我们知道，卡门所做的演讲是脱稿的。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息推断题。第一段末尾讲到：“他们急于对这项自冷聚变以来宣传最多的发明
49、先睹为快。”这说明，虽然宣传很多，但观众还没有见过。由此可知，媒体报道在先，正式推出在后。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。根据第三段可知，卡门认为这项发明对人员运输具有革命性影响。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属信息推断题。在第六段，卡门认为企业家的生活不是人人都可以忍耐的生活。这表明他认为企业家的生活并不适合于每个人。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第一段首句告诉我们，交流由几个相互作用的组成部分构成。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第一段指出，非言语信号影响我们为他人认识的方式。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第二段明确谈到：“如果发出者的信息与接收者对特定场景社会准则的认识不相符，还会出现龃龉。”【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属词义推断题。根据后续提示可以做出判断。后面接着讲到，情感会产生大量可能的理解，说明情感是不明确的，故此可判定 ambiguous 与uncer
