1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 7 及答案与解析英译汉1 corpus2 Commission3 adequacy4 compensation5 direct translation6 Dubbing7 terminology8 Transliteration9 FIT10 addition11 Sublauguage12 translatability13 MT14 version15 transcription汉译英16 重写17 翻译单位18 地道翻译19 词对词翻译20 对应21 工具型翻译22 归化23 回译24 会议传译25 伪朋友英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 7 答案与解析英译汉1
2、 【正确答案】 语料库:指大量文本的集合,库中的文本(称为语料)通常经过整理,具有既定的格式与标记,特指计算机存储的数字化语料库。2 【正确答案】 佣金:是指代理人或经纪人为委托人介绍生意或代买代卖而收取的报酬。3 【正确答案】 充分性:生成语法上的一种选择规则,确认语法上是否达到三项标准:观察上的、描写上的和解释上的充分性。4 【正确答案】 补译:当源语中某些表达方式在目标语中无法找到对应的词句,这就需要译者在翻译中始终要有跨文化意识,灵活运用增译和补译,从而减轻译文受众的理解障碍。5 【正确答案】 直接翻译:从源语言的表层句子出发,将单词或固定词组直接置换成目标语言的对应成分的一种翻译方法
3、。6 【正确答案】 对白配音:影片在拍摄期问没有采取同步录音,而在影片剪接好之后才在录音室录制对白的配音工作。7 【正确答案】 术语:在特定学科领域用来表示概念的称谓的集合,是通过语音或文字来表达或限定科学概念的约定性语言符号。8 【正确答案】 音译:用发音近似的汉字将外来语翻译过来的一种翻译方法,用于音译的汉字不再有其自身的原意,只保留其语音和书写形式。9 【正确答案】 自由间接思维:同时具有间接思维和直接思维特征的一种思维表达方式,其典型效果为使读者感觉靠近作品中人物,与作品中人物一起思考,产生共鸣。10 【正确答案】 添加:语音可以在原有的语音链上有所添加,例如英语单词rapscalli
4、on(流氓,恶棍 )就是在词根 rascal(流氓,恶棍) 中添加了常见的p构成的。11 【正确答案】 次语言:某团体或社会阶层所使用的语言,相当于领域内的专业术语。12 【正确答案】 可译性:从一种语言译成另一种语言的可能程度。13 【正确答案】 机器翻译:是利用计算机把一种自然源语言转变为另一种自然目标语言的过程,一般指自然语言之间句子和全文的翻译。14 【正确答案】 译文:将源语言转化为目标语言后的文字形式。15 【正确答案】 音标:一种标写音素的符号,一个音素只用一个音标表示,而一个音标并不只表示一个音素。汉译英16 【正确答案】 rewriting: Andre Lefevere t
5、hought translation, analects, literature review, adaptation from TV and film scripts and so on all are forms of rewriting. Andre Lefevere s theory of “rewriting“ has exerted great influences on translation studies.17 【正确答案】 translation unit: It is the minimal stretch of language that has to be trans
6、lated together, as one u-nit.18 【正确答案】 idiomatic translation; Idiomatic translation makes every effort to communicate the meaning of the source language text in the natural forms of the receptor language.19 【正确答案】 word-for-word translation; Word-for-word translation, also known as literal translatio
7、n, refers to translate a sentence originally, keep the original message form, including construction of sentence , meaning of the original words, metaphor of the original and so on.20 【正确答案】 equivalence: Equivalence is an abstract concept and actually refers to the equivalence relationship between t
8、he source text and the target text.21 【正确答案】 Instrumental translation: Instrumental translation functions as an instrument of communication in its own right, it works independently of a source text, and is judged on how well it expresses its message.22 【正确答案】 Domesticating translation; Domesticating
9、 translation refers to the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers.23 【正确答案】 Back Translation; Back Translation is the process of translating a document that has already been translated
10、into a foreign language back to the original language.24 【正确答案】 Conference interpreting; Conference interpretation enables participants in a multinational meeting to communicate with one another in a seamless fashion, making the language barrier almost imperceptible. Such interpreting is generally performed in two modes; consecutive and simultaneous.25 【正确答案】 False friends; False friends are pairs of words or phrases in two languages or dialects(or letters in two alphabetscitation needed)that look or sound similar, but differ in meaning.