1、2009 年职称英语（理工类）C 级真题试卷（无答案）一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1 个意义最为接近选项。1 Id very much like to know what your (aim) in life is.（A）thought（B） idea（C） goal（D）plan2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were (at stake).（A）in danger（B） in difficulty（C） in despair
2、（D）out of control3 (Practically) all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.（A）Certainly（B） Probably（C） Almost（D）Absolutely4 Mary (rarely) speaks to Susan.（A）slowly（B） seldom（C） weakly（D）constantly5 Im working with a (guy) from London.（A）teacher（B） student（C） friend（D）m
3、an6 Youd better put these documents in a (safe) place.（A）dark（B） secure（C） guarded（D）banned7 The courageous boy has been the subject of (massive) media coverage.（A）extensive（B） continuous（C） instant（D）quick8 The town is famous for its (magnificent) buildings.（A）high-rise（B） modern（C） ancient（D）splen
4、did9 The great change of the city (astonished) all the visitors.（A）surprised（B） scared（C） excited（D）moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the (last) ten years.（A）future（B） far（C） past（D）near11 Will you please (call) my husband as soon as possible?（A）visit（B） phone（C） consult（
5、D）invite12 We had a long (conversation) about her parents.（A）speech（B） question（C） talk（D）debate13 The chairman (proposed) that we stop the meeting.（A）stated（B） announced（C） demanded（D）suggested14 Obviously these people can be (relied on) in a crisis.（A）lived on（B） depended on（C） believed in（D）joine
6、d in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete (breaks) a record.（A）beats（B） maintains（C） matches（D）tries二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。16 Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can an
7、swer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon(放射性碳 ), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicag
8、o. An atom of Ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(质子) and six neutrons(中子) in its nucleus( 原子核). Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay(衰减). This process invol
9、ves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.In Libbys radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions(放射) from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in t
10、he sample being dated.Carbon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere when nitrogen(氮)-14, or N-14, interacts with cosmic rays(宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a co
11、nstant rate. Now ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living thing
12、s have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues(组织). Once an organism(有机体) dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms go
13、es down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not m
14、entioned18 An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned19 Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years.（A）Right（B） Wrong
15、（C） Not mentioned21 When an organism dies, the C-14 in it begins to decay.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned22 The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择一个最佳标题；(2)第 27-30 题要求
16、从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。23 Meet Your MemoryMemory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a pe
17、rson may have a good memory.Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages; (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval(提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.Memory co
18、nsists of at least two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking(组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlim
19、ited capacity.One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues(提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning you recall the material in any order; in serial learning you recall it in the
20、order it was presented; and in paired-associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it i
21、s presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because r
22、elearning shows retention(保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.23 A. Why do we forget things?B. How do we measure memory?C. What are the stages memory consists of?D. What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?E. What
23、 is memory?F. Who may have a poor memory?23 Paragraph 1 _24 Paragraph 2 _25 Paragraph 3 _26 Paragraph 4 _27 A. short-term memoryB. relearningC. neededD. codedE. recognitionF. slow forgetting rate27 Remembering involves getting the material back out when it is_.28 Grouping bits of information into la
24、rger chunks helps improve the capacity of our_.29 Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity and a_.30 As a measure of memory, relearning is more sensitive than_.四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1 个最佳选项。31 Light Night, Dark StarsThousands of people around the glo
25、be step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer(天文学家) with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. B
26、ut when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, theyre lucky to see 150 stars.If youve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, youve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams in
27、to space and illuminates(照亮) the night sky. This haze(薄雾) of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light p
28、ollution. “If one city has a lot more light pollution than another“, Ward says, “that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale“.Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rura
29、l areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring(使变模糊 ) the faint(微弱的) light given off by distant stars. And if scientists cant locate these objects, they cant learn more about them.Light pollution doesnt only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. Its clear that art
30、ificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. Theres increasing evidence, for example, that migrating(迁徙) birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr., a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. “When light occurs at night“, he says, “it
31、 has a very disruptive(破坏性的) influence“. Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high-rises, and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.31 On a clear night, people can see_（A）150 stars.（B） hundreds of stars.（C） one thousand stars.（D）
32、more than 14,000 stars.32 Light pollution occurs when_（A）artificial lights illuminate the night sky.（B） the moon lights up the night sky.（C） too many stars are visible in the night sky.（D）streetlights are turned off.33 Nowadays even suburbs are becoming unsuitable for astronomers to do their jobs be
33、cause_（A）the night sky there is too dark.（B） the once dark areas are also polluted by lights.（C） these areas are not polluted by chemicals.（D）these areas are less developed.34 How does light pollution affect wildlife?（A）Animals may go off course.（B） It helps migrating birds find their homes.（C） Anim
34、als are afraid to go out after sunset.（D）It helps birds fall asleep.35 The title “Light Night, Dark Stars“ means_（A）the night sky is brightly lit up and stars are black.（B） lights appear at night and stars are seen in the dark.（C） city lights at night illuminate stars in the sky.（D）city lights illum
35、inate the night sky, making stars invisible.36 Shopping at Second-hand Clothing StoresWhen 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something he did“like changing the tires on his car“. He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by
36、 shopping for clothes at thrift shops.“Even new clothes are fairly disposable(用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years“, Barth said. “In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes“.Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of
37、 Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA
38、)(救世军) thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.“When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling“, Akins said. “Also, why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less“?Akins said that the SA has shops all over t
39、he US“some as big as department stores“. All of the clothes are donated(捐赠), and when they have a surplus(盈余), theyll have “stuff a bag“ specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand
40、clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.“Id say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture“, said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for a New American Dream. “Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills(
41、垃圾填埋场); they give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing for those who cant afford to buy new ones and generate(生成) income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed(摆脱) some of the guilt for their level of consumption“.36 Which statement about Barth
42、is NOT true?（A）He is 33 years old now.（B） He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.（C） He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.（D）He was a college student many years ago.37 When Barth was a college student, he often shopped at thrift shops_（A）to save money.（B） to save energy.（C） to help the environment.（
43、D）to make friends with poor people.38 What does Akins do?（A）She is a soldier.（B） She is an accountant.（C） She is a saleswoman.（D）She is a road sweeper.39 Thrift shops can do everything EXCEPT_（A）give clothing a second life.（B） generate income for charities.（C） provide cheaper clothes for the poor.（D
44、）stop rich people from wasting money.40 The word “thrift“ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_（A）charity.（B） one dollar.（C） first class.（D）two dollars.41 WaterThe second most important constituent(构成成份) of the biosphere(生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of tempera
45、tures, since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.The earths supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accu
46、rately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceansabout 97 per cent. The rest is fresh, but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and ca
47、nnot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole, there is 1020 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely Important fraction of the water supply which is
48、 present as water vapour in the atmosphere.Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated(蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water
49、comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans, and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.41 Liquid water only exists_（A）in the center of the earth.（B） on the surface of our p
