1、2014 年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（无答案）一、Structure and Vocabulary1 Hunting is thought to be_for the extinction of some wildlife.（A）responsible（B） blamed（C） charged（D）denounced2 The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a_visit to theirs.（A）reciprocal（B） bilateral（C） considerate（D）reward
2、ing3 That man claimed to be a_of Confucius.（A）descending（B） ascending（C） descendant（D）offspring4 Can you_the truth of his statement?（A）deny（B） refuse（C） decline（D）reject5 I failed in my new job. If only I_my parents.（A）listened to（B） had listened to（C） have listend to（D）would listen to6 He studied a
3、t a famous college when he was young, _contributed to his success in later life.（A）which（B） it（C） that（D）what7 My eldest sister went on with the story and young children around her _ with “ wonderful!“ from time to time.（A）broke out（B） broke off（C） broke in（D）broke up8 Jean holds very_opinions about
4、 food; she wont eat anything new of foreign.（A）awesome（B） conventional（C） consistent（D）condimental9 Donor fatigue and_of the countrys poverty are now causing those hopes to wither.（A）expenditure（B） extremity（C） wreckage（D）supremacy10 He felt a great sense of_after his success.（A）fulfillment（B） forti
5、fication（C） innovation（D）illumination11 They are still in the_stage between the old and new government.（A）transaction（B） transplanting（C） transitional（D）transforming12 Starting a new business can be a risky_.（A）processing（B） attempting（C） undertaking（D）overhauling13 Its none of your business, you ha
6、ve no right to_.（A）disturb（B） interfere（C） interrupt（D）obtain14 The passengers carried on drinking and dancing_unaware of the impending disaster.（A）witheringly（B） contemptuously（C） morally（D）blissfully15 We must also understand how to_between what should be remembered and what should be forgotten.（A
7、）differentiate（B） distinct（C） disengage（D）entangle16 Maisie had always thought of herself as being shy and_, and was surprised that anyone should ask her opinion.（A）stuttering（B） scattering（C） inarticulate（D）inexpressive17 The company made profit in that one month than it made in the whole of the_ y
8、ear.（A）previously（B） proceeding（C） preceding（D）unpreceding18 No president who performs his duties faithfully and_can have any leisure.（A）consistently（B） conscientiously（C） nervously（D）piously19 Take this bit of seemingly_advice: In order to write quickly, you must first think slowly.（A）paradoxical（B
9、） contradict（C） parallel（D）disordering20 Id rather you_me a new one instead of having mine repaired as you did.（A）had given（B） have given（C） gave（D）giving二、Cloze20 In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the【C1】_half of the 1
10、9th century; most of【C2】_were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day-nursery movement received great【C3】_during the First World War, when【C4 】_of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries, nurseries were established【C5】_in
11、munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship【C6 】_the number of nurseries in the U. S. , also rose【C7】_. this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,【C8】_Federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measu
12、re of control【C9】_the day nurseries, chiefly by【C10 】_them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.21 【C1 】（A）latter（B） other（C） late（D）first22 【C2 】（A）those（B） them（C） whose（D）which23 【C3 】（A）impetus（B） input（C） imitation（D）initiative24 【C4 】（A）sources（B） abundance（C） s
13、hortage（D）reduction25 【C5 】（A）hardly（B） entirely（C） only（D）even26 【C6 】（A）Because（B） As（C） Since（D）Although27 【C7 】（A）unanimously（B） sharply（C） predominantly（D）militantly28 【C8 】（A）therefore（B） consequently（C） however（D）moreover29 【C9 】（A）over（B） in（C） at（D）about30 【C10 】（A）formulating（B） labeling（C
14、） patenting（D）licensing三、Reading Comprehension30 The animal dissection requirement of biology classes has been getting under the skin of students for generations, and there have always been some who asked to be excused from the requirement. Now, a growing number of technological alternatives are mak
15、ing it possible for students to swap that scalpel for a computer mouse. There are laws in nearly a dozen states including California, Florida, New York protecting a students choice to learn about animal anatomy sans scalpel. Some students choosing to opt out feel we should be kinder to our web-foote
16、d friends. Others are just queasy at the thought of rubbery frog bodies and the smell of formaldehyde.Dissection is icy. Theres a yuck factor. “ admits Brian Shmaersky, a boared member with the National Association of Biology Teachers. “ And a teacher has to weigh the benefits with the cost of stude
17、nts being offended to the point that it interferes with learning. “Virtual blades. So for cases in which a real dissection would be too slimy, its time to try some toad tech. While the first computer-based alternatives to dissection emerged in the 1980s, modern frog dissection software can be found
18、at different websites. These software programs use creative clicking, high-powered zoom functions, and video clips to teach anatomy. Froguts software, for example, lets students trace incision lines with a computer mouse and snip through skin with a virtual blade. There are even sound effects like a
19、 “slish“ for slicing frog flesh, or a “shwoosh“ for pinning down skin flaps.(Schools currently pay about $ 300 for a one-year software license, though some organizations will lend programs out free of charge.)Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed th
20、e first-ever haptic(the Greek word for “touch“)frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh. The hand-held device connects to a computer, and students move the device through the air while watching the results of their actions on a compu
21、ter screen.With Digital Frog a popular program thats had approximately 1, 500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2, 000 schools students can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click. They can then assess their learning with sporadic frog anatomy quizz
22、es.“Repetition is helpful. The fact that a student can review sections of a program over and over again is important,“ says Martin Stephens, vice president for animal research issues at the Humane Society of the United States. “In dissections, the animals organs are all shriveled and discolored. You
23、 look for things and cant find them because body parts have changed drastically since the animal was killed. But on a computer screen, layers can be digitally peeled away. “ Other experts think the dissection technology has its limits. Gerry Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teache
24、rs Association, says that artificial simulations dont give as enriching an experience as the real thing. Still others worry the programs are depriving kids of experiential learning.31 The word “swap“(Line 4, Paragraph 1)most probably means_.（A）exchange（B） throw away（C） reject（D）refuse32 Some student
25、s ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reason except that_.（A）dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smells（B） they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulation（C） they are offended when fulfilling the req
26、uirements of animal dissection（D）they insist that people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects.33 Brian Shmaefskys statement implies that_.（A）He indeed supports the studentsanimal protection movement（B） He thinks the animal dissection should be banned（C） He thinks the animal
27、 dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectively（D）He always evaluates the teaching effect by weighing reluctant factors of cost and effect34 The authors attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be_.（A）supportive（B） doubtful（C） indifferent（D）provocative34 Many people dread
28、going on foreign assignments sometimes even before theyve gone on one. They hear stories about how exhausting and disorienting business travel can be. They worry about getting sick, getting lonely, or getting killed. Theyre afraid they wont be liked or that they wont succeed. But the fact is that fo
29、r many people a foreign assignment can be the opportunity and thrill of a lifetime.The Wall Street Journal reports the story of John Aliberti, who had spent his career working to become a midlevel manager for Union Switch in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Aliberti seemed like an odd choice for an oversea
30、s assignment; He had no experience in international travel and business. But when he was chosen to represent the company as technical expert and representative in China, Aliberti responded with enthusiasm; “Back home, the work we do, its been done for decades. In China youre breaking new ground. Its
31、 a milestone in the history of the world. “By viewing his China assignment as an exciting adventure, Aliberti largely bypassed the negative effects of culture shock. According to the Well Street Journal, “The crowds and chaotic lines dont faze him. He becomes animated telling stories of long train t
32、rips to out-of-the-way cities like Nanchang, where Union Switch is helping to build a railroad yard.“Aliberts enthusiastic attitude and his active interest in learning about the culture and business practices in China have helped him become a central figure in his companys China operations. His job
33、in Pittsburgh is two rungs below vice president. In China, according to his boss, “ He acts like a president or CEO. Thats got to turn him on. “35 John Aliberti seemed like an odd choice for overseas assignment because_.（A）he is the most experienced member of the company.（B） he has been to China man
34、y times.（C） he has been promoted to the top-level position of the company（D）he has little experience in traveling abroad36 “Aliberti largely bypassed the negative effects of culture shock. “ “Bypass“(Para. 3)means _.（A）ignore（B） pass away（C） avoid（D）shortcut37 The following statements are correct ab
35、out John Aliberti except_.（A）he is good at selling his experience of traveling in China（B） he is troubled by the crowds and confused transportation in China（C） he is excited about travelling ground China（D）he is breaking new ground for his company38 The story of John Aliberti tells us that_.（A）cultu
36、re shock is easy to deal with.（B） many people dread going on business.（C） the transportation of China is confused to foreigners.（D）you can deal with culture shock well with an active interest in learning about the culture.38 The period of adolescence, i. e. , the period between childhood and adultho
37、od, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constututes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with law
38、s against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescence period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change.In modern society, c
39、eremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there is no longer agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school
40、graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the education ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence
41、have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibili
42、ties are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of 16 the adolescent is granted certain
43、 adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a drivers license, he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of 18 the law provides adult prsponsibilities as well as rights;
44、the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of 21 the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, buy liquor, enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are a
45、cquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.39 The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because_.（A）the definit
46、on of maturity has changed（B） the industrialized society is more developed（C） more education is provided and laws against child labor are made（D）ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance40 Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given
47、 place to_.（A）graduations from schools and colleges（B） social recognition（C） socio-economic status（D）certain behavioral changes41 No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is_.（A）eleven years old（B） sixteen years old（C） twenty-one years old（D）between twelve and twenty-one ye
48、ars old42 Starting from 22, _.（A）one will obtain more basic rights（B） the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have（C） one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21（D）one will enjoy more rights granted by society42 “ Tear em apart! “ “ Kill the fool!“ “ Murder the referee!“These are
49、common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But lets not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connota
