1、中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷 3（无答案）一、Structure and Vocabulary1 How did it come_that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?（A）about（B） along（C） around（D）by2 He could produce no evidence_his argument（A）in respect of（B） in view of（C） in support of（D）on account of3 The government should_with the irrational regu
2、lations restricting drinking hours.（A）break away（B） come up（C） get away（D）do away4 I know him well enough to accept his explanation_.（A）without question（B） by all means（C） at any cost（D）in any case5 It was a small country house, but it was large_urban standards.（A）at（B） for（C） by（D）from6 The travell
3、ers sought shelter_the rain and happened to find a road-side inn.（A）from（B） against（C） for（D）with7 All our attempts to_the child from drowning were in vain.（A）regain（B） recover（C） reserve（D）rescue8 This is the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to_it（A）deal with（B） comment on（C） cop
4、e with（D）dwell on9 I was always taught that it was_to interrupt（A）rude（B） coarse（C） rough（D）crude10 Except on official_such as formal receptions, American society has a certain amount of informality.（A）cases .（B） situations（C） events（D）occasions11 The final document was, of course, supposed to mend
5、the damage_upon the world by the war.（A）imposed（B） impressed（C） compelled（D）compressed12 While walking along the icy river banks, we could see cracks in the ice_in all directions.（A）radiating（B） dividing（C） splitting（D）tearing13 Tibet, the second largest province of China, is_in uranium(铀)and underg
6、round thermal power（A）wealthy（B） abundant（C） adequate（D）sufficient14 The young couple were quite excited by the_of having their first child.（A）perspective（B） prospect（C） future（D）foresight15 So many children have bought the balloons that the store is now out of_.（A）stuff（B） material（C） stock（D）staff
7、16 She was always in perfect sympathy with me_my love of nature.（A）with regard to（B） in contrast to（C） in case of（D）in the event of17 There are nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has_poverty.（A）fallen into（B） consisted in（C） resulted in（D）amounted to18 This is the_to an improvement
8、 of their living conditions.（A）key（B） decision（C） essence（D）alternative19 It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it_as well as we had expected.（A）went off（B） worked off（C） broke off（D）came off20 Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25 th_the b
9、irth of Jesus Christ（A）in favour of（B） in honour of（C） in terms of（D）in accordance with21 The_action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt（A）alert（B） urgent（C） prompt（D）punctual22 The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congr
10、ess is in _again next spring.（A）assembly（B） conference（C） convention（D）session23 Your_is the round of things that you usually do each day.（A）practice（B） habit（C） routine（D）custom24 David is the_holder of the world 5, 000-meter race world record, but there is no guarantee that he will win in the Olym
11、pic Games.（A）prevalent（B） dominant（C） current（D）prominent25 Your complaint is being_; when we have anything to report well write to you again.（A）looked through（B） looked over（C） looked after（D）looked into26 To our delight, she quickly_herself to the new situation.（A）acquainted（B） exposed（C） adapted（
12、D）devoted27 He_so much work that he couldnt really do it efficiently.（A）put on（B） brought on（C） took on（D）carried on28 Farmers are more anxious for rain than people in cities because they have more at_.（A）danger（B） stake（C） loss（D）threat29 We_Edisons success to his intelligence and hard work.（A）desc
13、ribe（B） subject（C） attribute（D）refer30 It is well known that retired workers in China are_free medical care.（A）entitled to（B） associated with（C） involved in（D）devoted to31 She once again went through her composition carefully to_all spelling mistakes from it（A）eliminate（B） withdraw（C） diminish（D）del
14、ete32 The newly-built Science Building seems_enough to last a hundred years.（A）sophisticated（B） steady（C） robust（D）substantial33 A man has to make_for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.（A）supply（B） assurance（C） provision（D）storage34 The cells (电池) were designed to_sunshin
15、e to electricity to run a motor.（A）convert（B） alter（C） modify（D）exchange35 A_of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.（A）shorthand（B） scheme（C） schedule（D）sketch36 The bright flowers and warm winds_that spring had come.（A）threatened（B） announced（C） stated（D）
16、pronounced37 In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly_if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.（A）admired（B） regarded（C） expected（D）worshiped38 Few people realize how rich that area is. It is a land of treasure _ treasure.（A）piled
17、on（B） derived from（C） turned over（D）increased by39 The jeweler assured Mr. White that the stone was a (n)_diamond and not an imitation.（A）graceful（B） genuine（C） actual（D）exact40 As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak became_to the climbers.（A）obvious（B） visible（C） present（D）apparent二、Reading
18、 Comprehension40 Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where
19、sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agricul
20、ture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localised. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成 分) captured in the product
21、it was relatively inefficientContrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolutioa Competition from overseas led farmers to specialise and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat(栖息地) loss
22、 and to diminishing biodiversity.Whats more demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many re
23、gions.All this means that agriculture in the 21 st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon
24、 the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact“. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反两方面)of
25、 all the various ways land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental (costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon cost of transposing tomatoes from Spain to the UK is
26、less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognising that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.41 How do people often
27、measure progress in agriculture?（A）By its productivity.（B） By its sustainability.（C） By its impact on the environment（D）By its contribution to economic growth.42 Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in_.（A）localised pollution（B） the shrinking of farmland（C） competition from
28、 overseas（D）the decrease of biodiversity43 What does the author think of traditional farming practices?（A）They have remained the same over the centuries.（B） They have not kept pace with population growth.（C） They are not necessarily sustainable.（D）They are environmentally friendly.44 What will agric
29、ulture be like in the 21st century?（A）It will go through radical changes.（B） It will supply mort animal products.（C） It will abandon traditional farming practices.（D）It will cause zero damage to the environment45 What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?（A）To remind people of the need of
30、sustainable development（B） To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.（C） To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.（D）To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.45 The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has bee
31、n creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.We are not about to go hack to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of
32、newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time .Italians .Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contr
33、ibuted greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA so
34、ciologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow i
35、n the footsteps of American blacks that large parts of the community may become mired(陷入) in a, seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement Like African-Americans. Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest
36、for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English o
37、r to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation, about bow to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores
38、.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for
39、 the latest wave of would be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right46 How were immigrants viewed by U. S. Congress in the early days?（A）They were of inferior races.（B） They were a source of political corruption.（C） They were a threat to the nations security.（D）They ware p
40、art of the nations bloodstream.47 What does the author think of the new immigrants?（A）They will be a dynamic workforce in the U. S.（B） They can do just as well as their predecessors.（C） They will be very disappointed on the new land.（D）They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.48 What does Ed
41、ward Telles research say about Mexican Americans?（A）They may slowly improve from generation to generation.（B） They will do better in terms of educational attainment（C） They will melt into the African-American community.（D）They may forever remain poor and underachieving.49 What should be done to help
42、 the new immigrants?（A）Rid them of their inferiority complex.（B） Ufge them to adopt American customs.（C） Prevent them from being marginalized.（D）Teach them standard American English.50 According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_.（A）how to deal with people entering the U. S.
43、 without documents（B） how to help immigrants to better fit into American society（C） how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border（D）how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U. S.50 They may be one of Britains most successful exports and among the worlds most popular TV shows, ran
44、king alongside the World Cup Final and the Olympic Games opening ceremony in terms of audience. But, in Britain, beauty competitions are unfashionable. To most people, beauty contests seem as out-dated as bowing. Nicolas Barker, a lawyer in London, said that“ As much as I think its fine for women to
45、 do it I dont think its interesting and in fact I think theyre irrelevant to today“. Last year, Miss World was broadcast to 142 countries, but it wasnt even shown in this country where it started in 1951. It wasnt always this way in Britain. Once, beauty queens dated footballers, traveled the world
46、and were guaranteed fame, fortune and fun. Now, they open new supermarkets, are sponsored by dry-cleaning companies and, if theyre lucky, they get free clothes from supermarkets.When Francesca Marchant was crowned Miss Sussex in 1969, it was something to be extremely proud of. “I came from a small t
47、own, and all my friends were green with envy when they found out Id won. My boyfriends at the time thought it was terrific and boasted to everyone that he was going out with a beauty queen.“ But the good times couldnt last The feminist movement gathered momentum. Some women were determined to bring
48、an end to these“cattle shows“. Nowadays, Saying that you were a beauty queen just doesnt sound good.Miss World organizers claim that contestants are judged on qualities other than just their physical appearance. But, Jacqueline Gold, Englands representative at this years contest, was not chosen beca
49、use of her academic record The Miss World Website states that she “left school having gained many computer qualifications, and certificates in First Aid and Life Saving“ , meaning, not much of an education.The only time the contests attract attraction now is because of the protesters. At the 1999 Miss World in Britain, around 60 demonstrators hurled flour
