1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 82（无答案）一、Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer
2、 on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.0 In science the meaning of the word “explain“ suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their natur
3、e no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard, yellowish-brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really“ are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell
4、says, “is not a thing, like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. “ Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea
5、. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for examples, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has it
6、s proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong, and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen an
7、d thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.Questions:1 The aim of controlled scientific experiments is_.（A）to explain why things happen（B） to explain how things happen（C） to describe self-evident principle（D）to support Aristotelian sci
8、ence2 What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?（A）The speculations of Thales.（B） The forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravity.（C） Aristotles natural science.（D）Galileos discoveries.3 Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is_.（A）disapproved of by most modern
9、 scientists（B） in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principles（C） in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how“ things happen（D）in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why“ things happen4 The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed
10、with the idea_.（A）that there are mysterious forces in the universe（B） that man cannot discover what forces “really“ are（C） that there are self-evident principles（D）that we can discover why things behave as they do5 Modern science came into being_.（A）when the method of controlled experiment was first
11、 introduced（B） when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen（C） when Aristotelian scientists tried to explain why things happen（D）when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality by reasoning5 Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for red
12、ucing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Suns rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian(哺乳动物的 )practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside
13、 the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grants gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert
14、 night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.Another str
15、ategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for nonadapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equa
16、lly important adaptation is the ability to replenish(补充 )this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious(巨大的)volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to deh
17、ydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution(稀释)of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain f
18、ood from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated: it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.Questions:6 What is the main topic of the passage?（A）Weather
19、variations in the desert.（B） Adaptations of desert animals.（C） Diseases of desert animals.（D）Human use of desert animals.7 According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?（A）It helps them hide from predators.（B） It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.
20、（C） It helps them see their young at night.（D）It keeps them cool at night.8 When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lowest?（A）Just before sunrise.（B） In the middle of the day.（C） Just after sunset.（D）Just after drinking.9 Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?（
21、A）To show how they use camels.（B） To contrast them to desert mammals.（C） To give instructions about desert survival.（D）To show how they have adapted to desert life.10 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals?（A）Variation in body temperatures.（B） Eating while d
22、ehydrated.（C） Drinking water quickly.（D）Being active at night.10 One of the great advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers. They are already widely used in industry and in universities and the time may come when it will be possible for ordinary people to use them as well. Co
23、mputers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order. These machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide information on the best way to prevent tra
24、ffic accidents, or they can count the number of times the word “and“ has been used in the Bible. Because they work accurately and at high speed, they save research workers years of hard work. This whole process by which machines can be used to work for us has been called automation. In the future, a
25、utomation may enable human beings to enjoy far more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound to have important social consequences.Some time ago an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these machines could “think“. There is no
26、possibility that human beings will be “controlled by machines“. Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving on their performance, they need detailed instructions from human beings in order to be able to operate. They can never, as it were, lead independent lives, or “r
27、ule the world“ by making decisions of their own.Sir Leon said that in the future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plunged into a national network and be
28、used like radios. For instance, people going on holiday could be informed about weather conditions; car drivers could be given alternative routes when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people who do not share a common language to tal
29、k to each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications, It is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused simply through our failure to understand each other. Computers will also be used in hospitals. By providing
30、 a machine with a patients symptoms, a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness. Similarly, machines could be used to keep a check on a patients health record and bring it up to date. Doctors will therefore have immediate access to a great many facts which will help them in their wo
31、rk. Book-keepers and accountants, too, could be relieved of dull clerical work, for the tedious task of compiling and checking lists of figures could be done entirely by machines. Computers are the most efficient servants man has ever had and there is no limit to the way they can be used to improve
32、our lives.Questions:11 According to the author, computers can be used in_.（A）mathematics（B） statistics（C） medical sciences（D）all of the above12 Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?（A）The invention of computers is the only most important innovation in history.（B） Co
33、mputers can be used in almost all fields of learning.（C） Computers can help to stop traffic accidents.（D）People will have more spare time in the future because of automation.13 Computers will be very useful to doctors because_.（A）they will relieve them of dull clerical work（B） they will provide them
34、 with information which will help them in their work（C） much of the tedious work the doctors have to do will be done entirely by machines（D）they are up to date14 Thanks to computers, in the future people_.（A）will improve international understanding（B） will have no traffic jam（C） will avoid catching
35、a bad cold（D）will not need book-keepers and accountants 15 The author intends to tell us that_.（A）someday the computers will replace human beings（B） very shortly the computers will dominate people（C） soon the computers will become completely independent（D）in the future the computers will be helpful
36、in various fields15 Personality is to a large extent inherentA-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place whe
37、re children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs“ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates o
38、r against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying, “Rejoice, we conquer!“By f
39、ar the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is
40、 positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with academi
41、c work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors ex
42、clusively from A-type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.Questions:16 According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually_.（A）impatient（B） considerate（C） aggressive（D）agreeable17 The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because_.（A）the pressure is
43、too great on the students（B） some students are bound to fail（C） failure rates are too high（D）the results of examinations are doubtful18 The selection of medical professionals are currently based on_.（A）candidates sensitivity（B） academic achievements（C） competitive spirit（D）surer values19 From the pa
44、ssage we can draw the conclusion that_.（A）the personality of a child is well established at birth（B） family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteristics（C） the development of ones personality is due to multiple factors（D）B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society20 What does the word “adopt“(Line 2, Para. 2)mean in the passage?（A）take（B） adjust（C） adapt（D）expert
