1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 2（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write ct composition on the topic Video Games in three paragraphs. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below.Outline:1. Video games have become popular.2.
2、Advantages of playing video games3. Disadvantages of playing video games二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (f
3、or YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 Like time, space is perceived differently in different cultures. Spatial consciou
4、sness in many Western cultures is based on a perception of objects in space, rather than of space itself. Westerners perceive shapes and dimensions, in which space is a realm of light, color, sight, and touch. Benjamin L. Whorf, in his classic work Language, Thought and Reality, offers the following
5、 explanation as one reason why Westerners perceive space in this manner. Western thought and language mainly developed from the Roman, Latin-speaking, culture, which was a practical, experience-based system. Western culture has generally followed Roman thought patterns in viewing objective “reality“
6、 as the foundation for subjective or “inner“ experience. It was only when the intellectually crude Roman culture became influenced by the abstract thinking of the Greek culture that the Latin language developed a significant vocabulary of abstract, nonspatial terms. But the early Roman-Latin element
7、 of spatial consciousness, of concreteness, has been maintained in Western thought and language patterns, even though the Greek capacity for abstract thinking and expression was also inherited.However, some cultural-linguistic systems developed in the opposite direction, that is, from an abstract an
8、d subjective vocabulary to a more concrete one. For example, Whorf tells us that in the Hopi language the word heart, a concrete term, can be shown to be a late formation from the abstract terms think or remember. Similarly, although it seems to Westerners, and especially to Americans, that objectiv
9、e, tangible “reality“ must precede any subjective or inner experience; in fact, many Asian and other non-European cultures view inner experience as the basis for ones perceptions of physical reality. Thus although Americans are taught to perceive and react to the arrangement of objects in space and
10、to think of space as being “wasted“ unless it is filled with objects, the Japanese are trained to give meaning to space itself and to value “empty“ space.It is not only the East and the West that are different in their patterning of space. We can also see cross-cultural varieties in spatial percepti
11、on when we look at arrangements of urban space in different Western cultures. For instance, in the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, with the axes generally north/south and east/west. Streets and buildings are numbered sequentially. This arrangement, of course, makes perfect s
12、ense to Americans. When Americans walk in a city like Paris, which is laid out with the main streets radiating from centers, they often get lost. Furthermore, streets in Paris are named, not numbered, and the names often change after a few blocks. It is amazing to Americans how anyone gets around, y
13、et Parisians seem to do well. Edward Hall, in The Silent Language, suggests that the layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme of centralization that characterizes French culture. Thus Paris is the center of France, French government and educational systems are
14、highly centralized, and in French offices the most important person has his or her desk in the middle of the office.Another aspect of the cultural patterning of space concerns the functions of spaces. In middle class America, specific spaces are designated for specific activities. Any intrusion of o
15、ne activity into a space that it was not designed for is immediately felt as inappropriate. In contrast, in Japan, this case is not true: Walls are movable, and rooms are used for one purpose during the day and another purpose in the evening and at night. In India there is yet another culturally pat
16、terned use of space. The function of space in India, both in public and in private places, is connected with concepts of superiority and inferiority. In Indian cities, villages, and even within the home, certain spaces are designated as polluted, or inferior, because of the activities that take plac
17、e there and the kinds of people who use such spaces. Spaces in India are segregated so that high caste and low caste, males and females, secular and sacred activities are kept apart. This pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstrated by the archaeological evidence uncovered in ancien
18、t Indian cities. It is a remarkably persistent pattern, even in modern India, where public transportation reserves a separate space for women. For example, Chandigarh is a modern Indian city de signed by a French architect. The apartments were built according to European concepts, but the Indians li
19、ving there found certain aspects inconsistent with their previous use of living space. Ruth Freed, an anthropologist who worked in India, found that Indian families living in Chandigarh modified their apartments by using curtains to separate the mens and womens spaces. The families also continued to
20、 eat in the kitchen, a traditional pattern, and the living room-dining room was only used when Western guests were present. Traditional Indian village living takes place in an area surrounded by a wall. The courtyard gives privacy to each residence group. Chandigarh apartments, however, were built w
21、ith large windows, reflecting the European value of light and sun, so many Chandigarh families pasted paper over the windows to recreate the privacy of the traditional courtyard. Freed suggests that these traditional Indian patterns may represent an adaptation to a densely populated environment.Anth
22、ropologists studying various cultures as a whole have seen a connection in the way they view both time and space. For example, as we have seen, Americans look on time without activity as “wasted“ and space without objects as “wasted.“ Once again, the Hopi present an interesting contrast. In the Engl
23、ish language, any noun for a location or a space may be used on its own and given its own characteristics without any reference being made to another location or space. For example, we can say in English: “The room is big“ or “The north of the United States has cold winters.“ We do not need to indic
24、ate that “room“ or “north“ has a relationship to any other word of space or location. But in Hopi, locations or regions of space cannot function by themselves in a sentence. The Hopi cannot say “north“ by itself; they must say “in the north,“ “from the north,“ or in some other way use a directional
25、suffix with the word north. In the same way, the Hopi language does not have a single word that can be translated as room. The Hopi word for room is a stem, a portion of a word, that means “house,“ “room,“ or “enclosed chamber,“ but the stem cannot be used alone. It must be joined to a suffix that w
26、ill make the word mean “in a house“ or “from a chamber.“ Hollow spaces like room, chamber, or hall in Hopi are concepts that are meaningful only in relation to other spaces.In some cultures a significant aspect of spatial perception is shown by the amount of “personal space“ people need between them
27、-selves and others to feel comfortable and not crowded. North Americans, for instance, seem to require about four feet of space between themselves and people near them to feel comfortable. On the other hand, people from Arab countries and Latin America feel comfortable when they are close to each ot
28、her. People from different cultures, therefore, may unconsciously infringe on each others sense of space. Thus just as different perceptions of time may create cultural conflicts, so too may different perceptions of space.2 The passage is about cross-cultural spatial perceptions.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 Eur
29、opean cultures generally value inner personal experience more than non-European cultures do.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 China is an example of a highly centralized society.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 Japan and the United States are similar in that both cultures use the same space for a variety of different purposes.（A）Y（
30、B） N（C） NG6 In India, public and private space is separated for males and females.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG7 The Hopi language locates places only in connection with other spaces or directions.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG8 Arab, Latin American, and North American cultures all have similar perceptions of personal space.（A）
31、Y（B） N（C） NG9 Ancient Greek culture emphasized _.10 Streets and buildings are numbered sequentially in _.11 A French architect designed a modern Indian city, named _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, o
32、ne or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）He doesnt want the woman
33、to give him money.（B） He doesnt remember how much the groceries cost.（C） Picking up groceries for the woman is even worth nothing.（D）He forgot about the concert tickets the woman paid for him last week.（A）Wait for the video to come out.（B） Never see it since its not her type.（C） See it later when sh
34、e is not so busy.（D）Not see it since she has seen it before.（A）No one was interested in discussing politics.（B） People avoid discussing polities.（C） The woman is not being serious.（D）Politics is a sensitive topic.（A）His flight arrived late.（B） His flight took three hours.（C） Mary had a long drive to
35、 the airport.（D）Mary had trouble finding the airport.（A）She intends to visit her friend in Texas.（B） She sometimes travels abroad for her job.（C） Her friend has never been to Texas before.（D）She hasnt spoken to her friend for a long time.（A）She needs to review her notes.（B） She has no free time next
36、 Weekend.（C） The article is so boring, so shell write a review next weekend.（D）She wants to finish quickly so she can relax the following week.（A）In a travel agency.（B） At the reception desk.（C） In a doctors office.（D）In a drugstore.（A）She wants to hand in her report early.（B） She is sorry the man h
37、as to cancel the plan.（C） She would like to go to the symphony with the man.（D）She cant go to the symphony because of her unfinished report.（A）Searching for reference material.（B） Watching a film of the 1930s.（C） Writing a course book.（D）Looking for a job in a movie studio.（A）Its too broad to cope w
38、ith.（B） Its a bit outdated.（C） Its controversial.（D）Its of little practical value.（A）At the end of the online catalogue.（B） At the Reference Desk.（C） In the New York Times.（D）In the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.（A）The relationship of purchases to time spent in shopping.（B） The length of ti
39、me required for drugstore shopping.（C） The increases in the size and stock of drugstores.（D）The buying of clothing from department stores.（A）A druggists suggestion.（B） An article.（C） An advertisement.（D）A sales clerks comment.（A）People enjoy shopping in them.（B） People spend little time in them.（C）
40、People are more likely to buy something in them if time is limited.（D）People spend too much time reading articles about quick Cures sold in drugstores.（A）They know what they want to buy.（B） They have little money to spend.（C） They talk themselves out of purchase.（D）They shop at the cheapest stores.S
41、ection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）The sky
42、scrapers effect on urban areas.（B） Safety regulations for skyscraper design.（C） The development of the modern skyscraper.（D）Problems with future skyscraper construction.（A）It created design problems for architects.（B） It made skyscrapers more expensive to build.（C） It was needed for transporting con
43、struction materials.（D）It enabled architects to design their office buildings.（A）Projected changes in the building code.（B） Design features of modern skyscrapers.（C） Strategies for reducing traffic jamming.（D）Methods of estimating construction costs.（A）Upstairs.（B） A rubbish container.（C） Outside th
44、e window.（D）Pieces of paper under the bed.（A）In the middle of his sleep.（B） When he opened the door.（C） Just as he turned off the light.（D）After he washed and went to bed.（A）He went to work.（B） He closed the door.（C） He went to bed again.（D）He didnt go to bed until the next morning.（A）He was the fir
45、st person to appear on television.（B） It was he who discovered the wonder of television.（C） He made the very first step towards the invention of television.（D）He developed the television and was the first person to demonstrate it.（A）People could choose to watch what they want.（B） People could be wel
46、l informed staying at home.（C） People could actually see the people and places talked about.（D）Television news came to people more quickly than radio news.（A）They advised people what to see and where to go.（B） They provided people with a lot of entertainment.（C） People had chances to see the places
47、where theyd like to go.（D）People were able to see other parts of the world they would never themselves be able to visit.（A）They became well-known throughout the country.（B） They had more chances to appear on television.（C） They were better understood by their people.（D）They were admired by their peo
48、ple.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact wor
49、ds you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An 【B1】_ 90 percent of all illnesses may be 【B2】_ if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current 【B3】_ knowledge. We all enjoy our 【B4】_ of choice and do not like to see it 【B5】_ when it is wit
