1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 53（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you axe allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled What Is in the Way of Paying Back the Loans? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前一部分学生是通过银行贷款完成学业的2. 但是有少数学生毕业后没有按时还贷3. 你认为有
2、哪些原因，应该如何解决此类问题What Is in the Way of Paying Back the Loans二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the
3、 statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 Digital CameraIn the past twenty years, most of the major technological breakthroughs in consum
4、er electronics have really been part of one larger breakthrough. Whet, you get down to it, CDs, DVDs, HDTV, MP3s and DVRs are all built around the same basic process: convening conventional similar information(represented by a fluctuating wave) into digital information (represented by ones and zeros
5、, or bits). This fundamental shift in technology totally changed how we handle visual and audio informationit completely redefined what is possible.The digital camera is one of the most remarkable instances of this shift because it is so truly different from its ancestor. Conventional cameras depend
6、 entirely on chemical and mechanical processes, you dont even need electricity to operate them. On the other hand, all digital cameras have a built-in computer, and all of them record images electronically.The new approach has been enormously successful. Since film still provides better picture qual
7、ity, digital cameras have not completely replaced conventional cameras. But, as digital imaging technology has improved, digital cameras have rapidly become more popular.Understanding the BasicsTo get a digital image, you need the image to be represented in the language that computers recognizebits
8、and bytes. Essentially, a digital image is just a long string of 1s and 0s that represent all the tiny colored dotsor pixels(像素)that collectively make up the image.If you want to get a picture into this form, you have two options:You can take a photograph using a conventional film camera, process th
9、e film chemically, print it onto photographic paper and then use a digital scanner to sample the print(record the pattern of light as a series of pixel values).At its most basic level, this is all there is to a digital camera. Just like a conventional camera, it has a series of lenses that focus lig
10、ht to create an image of a scene. But instead of focusing this light onto a piece of film, it focuses it onto a semiconductor device that records light electronically. A computer then breaks this electronic information down into digital data.A Filmless CameraInstead of film, a digital camera bas a s
11、ensor that converts light into electrical charges. The image sensor employed by most digital cameras is a charge coupled device(CCD). Some cameras use complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) technology instead. Both CCD and CMOS image sensors convert light into electrons. A simplified way to t
12、hink about these sensors is to think of a 2-D array of thousands or millions of tiny solar cells.Once the sensor converts the light into electrons, it reads the value(accumulated charge) of each cell in the image. This is where the differences between the two main sensor types kick in:A CCD transpor
13、ts the charge across the chip and reads it at one corner of the array. An analog-to-digital converter(ADC) then turns each pixels value into a digital value by measuring the amount of charge at each photosite and converting that measurement to binary(二进制) form.CMOS devices use several transistors at
14、 each pixel to enlarge and move the charge using more traditional wires. The CMOS signal is digital, so it needs no ADC.Capturing ColorUnfortunately, each photosite is colorblind. It only keeps track of the total intensity of the light that strikes its surface. In order to get a full color image, mo
15、st sensors use filtering to look at the light in its three primary colors. Once the camera records all three colors, it combines them to create the full spectrum(光谱).There are several ways of recording the three colors in a digital camera. The highest quality cameras use three separate sensors, each
16、 with a different filter. Another method is to rotate a series of red, blue and green filters in front of a single sensor. The sensor records three separate images in rapid succession.Both of these methods work well for professional studio cameras, but theyre not necessarily practical for casual sna
17、pshots. Next, well look at filtering methods that are more suited to small, efficient cameras. This process of looking at the other pixels in the neighborhood of a sensor and making an educated guess is called interpolation(插补). This method also provides information on all three colors at each pixel
18、 location.Exposure and FocusJust as with film, a digital camera has to control the amount of light that reaches the sensor. The two components it uses(to do this, the aperture(孔径) and shutter speed, are also present on conventional cameras.These two aspects work together to capture the amount of lig
19、ht needed to make a good image. In photographic terms, they set the exposure of the sensor.StorageDigital cameras use a number of storage systems. These are like reusable, digital film, and they use a card reader to transfer the data to a computer. Many involve fixed or removable flash memory. Digit
20、al camera manufacturers often develop their own flash memory devices, including SmartMedia cards, CompactFlash cards and Memory Sticks. Some other removable storage devices include: Floppy disks, Hard disks, or microdrives, writeable CDs and DVDs.No matter what type of storage they use, all digital
21、cameras need lots of room for pictures. They usually store images in one of two formats-TIFF, which is uncompressed, and JPEG, which is compressed. Most cameras use the JPEG file format for storing pictures, and they sometimes offer quality settings(such as medium or high).To make the most of their
22、storage space, almost all digital cameras use some sort of data compression to make the files smaller. Two features of digital images make compression possible. One is repetition. The other is irrelevancy.Imagine that throughout a given photo, certain patterns develop in the colors. For example, if
23、a blue sky takes up 30 percent of the photograph, you can be certain that some shades of blue are going to be repeated over and over again. When compression routines take advantage of patterns that repeat, there is no loss of information and the image can be reconstructed exactly as it was recorded.
24、 Unfortunately, this doesnt reduce files any more than 50 percent, and. sometimes it doesnt even come close to that level.Irrelevancy is a trickier issue. A digital camera records more information than the human eye can easily detect. Some compression routines take advantage of this fact to throw aw
25、ay some of the more meaningless data. This way the data can be reduced greatly, sometimes less than one third.2 From the passage we learn how a digital camera works with some principles and processes.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 With the improvement of digital imaging technology, digital cameras have taken the
26、place of conventional cameras.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 Digital camera needs focusing the receiving light on the light-sensing device.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 The great difference between CCD and CMOS is that CCD needs ADC while CMOS not.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 If the image quality is most important, using separate sensors
27、 to capture color will be proper.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG7 The aperture and shutter speed can work separately to capture the light needed in making a good image.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG8 It often costs digital camera manufacturers a lot to develop their own storage systems.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG9 The flash memory devices th
28、at digital cameras use to transfer the data to a computer include SmartMedia cards, CompactFlash cards and_.10 Digital cameras usually store images in the format of_.11 Some compression routines make use of the feature of irrelevancy to remove some of_.Section ADirections: In this section, you will
29、hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices
30、 marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）He has little chance to play football.（B） He often cuts classes to play football.（C） Hes looking for somebody to play the game with.（D）He loves playing football very much.（A）Go to dance.（B） Go to the Student Centre.（C） Go to a party.（D）Go
31、 to a lecture.（A）The woman told John to meet them at seven.（B） The roommate will meet John at seven.（C） John gave the roommate the message.（D）The woman asked the roommate to give John the message.（A）write a note to Professor Smith.（B） Wait a minute for Professor Smith.（C） Give a message to Professor
32、 Smith.（D）Return Professor Smiths notebook.（A）Clean up her office.（B） Get her report back.（C） Not wait for him past noon.（D）Not worry about her umbrella.（A）Planning holidays.（B） Working in a travel agency.（C） Traveling alone.（D）Flying to New York.（A）David is going to fly to New York.（B） David will s
33、tay in New York.（C） David went to Iraq the other day.（D）David is going to leave for Iraq next week.（A）Its too expensive.（B） It is unnecessary.（C） It should be built.（D）A college would be better.（A）Purchase her plane ticket.（B） Change her plane ticket.（C） Pick up a passport application form.（D）Arrang
34、e for her accommodations in Europe.（A）She doesnt have time to move.（B） She would have difficulty in finding another apartment.（C） Shes paid her rent for the summer in advance.（D）She doesnt want to paint another apartment.（A）Hes spoken to him on the phone.（B） He stayed in his apartment one summer.（C）
35、 He went on a summer trip with him.（D）He used to work with him.（A）On his way home.（B） Waking to see Prof. Jamison.（C） Waiting the woman.（D）Doing his homework.（A）She is Professor Jamisons daughter.（B） She works part-time as Professor Jamisons secretary.（C） She used to do the job herself.（D）She just c
36、ame out of an interview for the job.（A）Make up homework problems.（B） Do research in the library.（C） Teach an introductory economics course.（D）Grade homework sets.（A）He wonders if hell have enough time to do the job.（B） He is afraid he wont know enough to do the job well.（C） He fears that the job may
37、 be too boring.（D）He thinks Professor Jamison has someone else in mind.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choo
38、se the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）To persuade you to try out new ideas.（B） To stress the importance of discussion.（C） To introduce two main forms of teaching.（D）To make you believe that seminar is more helpful.（A）To make friends through groups.（B） To learn more about o
39、ther peoples ideas.（C） To offer a chance to discuss with a specialist.（D）To present to students information not found in books.（A）Because you may give lectures and seminars.（B） Because you may have no project work after class.（C） Because you may have fewer timetabled teaching hours.（D）Because you ma
40、y write seminar papers with fellow learners.（A）Common people.（B） Pop TV stars.（C） Attractive people.（D）Famous film stars.（A）TV producers who make reality TV shows.（B） TV actors who take part in reality TV shows.（C） TV viewers who telephone reality TV shows.（D）TV companies which broadcast reality TV
41、shows.（A）Everyone is happy about reality TV.（B） Reality TV will do well m many countries.（C） All the people in Europe are in favor of reality TV（D）Reality TV will not be broadcast in any countries.（A）A housewife.（B） A singer.（C） A teacher.（D）A musician.（A）The violin was too heavy for her.（B） She was
42、 too young to play the violin.（C） The violin was too expensive.（D）Her mother wanted her to play the piano.（A）To play the violin un a concert.（B） To go to New York City.（C） To apply fur a scholarship.（D）To have her performance taped.（A）In 1928.（B） In 1982.（C） In 1980.（D）In 1920.Section CDirections: I
43、n this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. Fo
44、r blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Tight-lipped elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.“You can make a mental blueprint
45、of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is 【B1】_ making these blueprints in the general 【B2】_ of everyday living. If we 【B3】_ to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is 【B4】 _ for any type of m
46、eal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a 【B5 】_ account of yourself; In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to 【B6 】_, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yoursel
47、f is actually a 【B7】_ of your working life and should 【B8】 _ education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. 【B9】 _. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your abili
48、ties must be displayed in a reasonably connected manner.【B10 】_. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. 【B11 】_, and keep
49、 m mind that securing a job is your job now.37 【B1 】38 【B2 】39 【B3 】40 【B4 】41 【B5 】42 【B6 】43 【B7 】44 【B8 】45 【B9 】46 【B10 】47 【B11 】Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.48 As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have
