1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 763（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should We Give Gifts to Teachers on Teachers Day? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1.有人赞成在教师节给老师送礼2有人则表示反对3我认为Should We Give Gifts to Te
2、achers on Teachers Day?二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the informat
3、ion given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.1 The Human BrainThe brain is the most complex organ in human body. It produces our every thought, action, memory, feeling and exper
4、ience of the world. This jelly-like mass of tissue, weighing in around 1.4 kilograms, contains a staggering one hundred billion nerve cells, or neurons (神经元). The complexity of the connectivity between these cells is mind-boggling (令人难以置信的). Each neuron can make contact with thousands or even tens o
5、f thousands of others, via tiny structures called synapses (突触) . Our brains form a million new connections for every second of our lives. The pattern and strength of the connections is constantly changing and no two brains are alike. It is in these changing connections that memories are stored, hab
6、its learned and personalities shaped, by reinforcing certain patterns of brain activities, and losing others.Grey Matter and White MatterWhile people often speak of their “grey matter“, the brain also contains white matter. The grey matter is the cell bodies of the neurons, while the white matter is
7、 the branching network of thread-like tendrils called dendrites and axons that spread out from the cell bodies to connect to other neurons. But the brain also has another, even more numerous type of cell, called glial (神经胶质的) ceils. These outnumber neurons over ten times. Once thought to be support
8、cells, they are now known to amplify neural signals and to be as important as neurons in mental calculations. There are many different types of neuron, only one of which is unique to humans and the other great apes, the so-called spindle cells.Brain structure is shaped partly by genes, but largely b
9、y experience. Only recently it was discovered that new brain cells are being born throughout our lives a process called neurogenesis. The brain has bursts of growth and then periods of consolidation, when excess connections are removed. The most notable bursts are in the first two or three years of
10、life. during puberty, and also a final burst in young adulthood. How a brain ages also depends on genes and lifestyle too. Exercising the brain and giving it the right diet can be just as important as it is for the rest of the body.Chemical MessengersThe neurons in our brains communicate in a variet
11、y of ways. Signals pass between them by the release and capture of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator chemicals, such as glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenalin, serotonin and endorphins. Some neurochemicals work in the synapse, passing specific messages from release sites to collection si
12、tes, called receptors. Others also spread their influence more widely, like a radio signal, making whole brain regions more or less sensitive. These neurochemicals are so important that deficiencies in them are linked to certain diseases, For example, a loss of dopamine in the basal ganglia (神经中枢),
13、which controls movements, leads to Parkinsons disease. It can also increase susceptibility to addiction because it mediates our sensations of reward and pleasure.Similarly, a deficiency in serotonin, used by regions involved in emotion, can be linked to depression or mood disorders, and the loss of
14、acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) is characteristic of Alzheimers disease.Brain ScanningWithin individual neurons, signals are formed by electrochemical pulses. Collectively, this electrical activity can be detected outside the scalp by an electroencephalogram (EEG). These signals have wav
15、e-like patterns, which scientists classify from alpha (common while we are relaxing or sleeping),through to gamma (active thought). When this activity goes awry (错误的), it is called a seizure. Some researchers think that synchronising the activity in different brain regions is important in perception
16、. Other ways of imaging brain activity are indirect Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) monitors blood flow. MRI scans, computed tomography (CT) scans and diffusion tensor images (DTI) use the magnetic signatures of different tissues, X-ray absorption,
17、or the movement of water molecules in those tissues, to image the brain.These scanning techniques have revealed which parts of the brain are associated with which functions. Examples include activities related to sensations, movement, libido, choices, regrets, motivations and even racism. However, s
18、ome experts argue that we put too much trust in these results and that they raise privacy issues. Before scanning techniques were common, researchers relied on patients with brain damage caused by strokes, head injuries or illnesses, to determine which brain areas are required for certain functions.
19、Some Structures in MindThe most obvious anatomical feature of our brains is the undulating surface of the cerebrum (大脑 ) the deep clefts are known as sulci and its folds are gyri. The cerebrum is the largest part of our brain and is largely made up of the two cerebral hemispheres. It is the most evo
20、lutionarily recent brain structure, dealing with more complex cognitive brain activities it is often said that the right hemisphere is more creative and emotional while the left deals with logic, but the reality is more complex. Nonetheless, the sides do have some specialization, with the left deali
21、ng with speech and language, the right with spatial and body awareness.Behind the ears and temples lie the temporal lobes (颞叶), dealing with sound and speech comprehension and some aspects of memory. And to the fore are the frontal and prefrontal lobes (额和额前叶 ), often considered the most highly deve
22、loped and most “human“ of regions, dealing with the most complex thought, decision making, planning, conceptualizing, attention control and working memory. They also deal with complex social emotions such as regret, morality and empathy. Another way to classify the regions is as sensory cortex and m
23、otor cortex, controlling incoming information, and outgoing behavior respectively.Below the cerebral hemispheres, but still referred to as part of the forebrain, is the cingulated (扣带) cortex, which deals with directing behavior and pain. And beneath this lies the corpus callosum, which connects the
24、 two sides of the brain. Other important areas of the forebrain are the basal ganglia, responsible for movement, motivation and reward.The back of the brain has a highly convoluted and folded swelling called the cerebellum, which stores patterns of movement, habits and repeated tasks things we can d
25、o without thinking about them. The most primitive parts, the midbrain and brain stem, control the bodily functions we have no conscious control of, such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, sleep patterns, and so on. They also control signals that pass between the brain and the rest of the body
26、, through the spinal cord.2 Where are memories stbred?（A）In the nerve cell bodies.（B） In the synapses.（C） In neuron connections.（D）In connection patterns.3 What do we know about glial ceils?（A）They are much more than neurons.（B） They are only support cells.（C） They send neural signals.（D）They are un
27、ique to humans.4 Neurogenesis occurs_.（A）in our whole life（B） when excess connections are pruned（C） in three short periods（D）when the brain is exercised5 How do the neurons in our brains communicate with each other?（A）They communicate by linking to the basal ganglia.（B） They work in the synapse to p
28、ass messages.（C） They spread their influence like a radio signal.（D）They release and capture neurochemicals.6 What do we know about the brain scanning technology according to the passage?（A）EEG is a direct way, and fMRI, MRI, CT and DTI are indirect.（B） EEG and fMRI are direct ways, and fMRI, CT, an
29、d DTI are indirect.（C） EEG, fMRI, MRI, CT and DTI are all indirect ways.（D）EEG, fMRI, MRI, CT and DTI are all direct ways.7 How did researchers find functions of the brain parts when scanning techniques were uncommon?（A）They measured temperatures of different areas of the scalp（B） They used drugs to
30、 control different parts of the brain.（C） They studied patients who had brain damage.（D）They studied other great apes to make guesses.8 The right hemisphere of the cerebrum_.（A）has a more undulating surface than the left（B） is more evolutionarily advanced than the left.（C） deals with logic and langu
31、age（D）deals with spatial and body awareness9 We often consider_as more advanced than other parts of the brain.10 The corpus callosum lies beneath_.11 Breathing and heart rate are controlled by_.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the
32、 end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
33、（A）He used to be in good health.（B） He was very handsome.（C） He was somewhat short.（D）He looked somewhat old.（A）At an airport.（B） At a boat dock.（C） At a weather station.（D）At a beach.（A）Telling her daughter not to worry.（B） Asking the teacher for special help.（C） Teaching her daughter by herself.（D
34、）Having confidence in her daughter.（A）Take part in the game.（B） Go to Washington and Los Angeles.（C） Watch the basketball game.（D）Miss the game and visit friends.（A）Shell get her money back from the shop.（B） She can exchange the T-shirt for a larger one.（C） Shell have to talk to the manager about it
35、.（D）She can complain to the Consumers Association.（A）She forgot to cancel the reservation.（B） They can go to the restaurant tonight.（C） She has to work late tonight.（D）They dont have a reservation.（A）The man agrees that the workload is heavy.（B） The man wont be able to go to the lab today.（C） The ma
36、n thinks the woman is being unfair.（D）The man feels the assignment is reasonable.（A）Michael brought the tape to the party.（B） The tape had been returned to Jim.（C） The tape couldnt be found anywhere.（D）Michael has lent his tape to Jim.（A）He wanted to buy a hearing-aid.（B） He wanted to have a hearing
37、-aid repaired.（C） He wanted to get a pen and a piece of paper.（D）He wanted to solve his own problem.（A）He explained it in words.（B） He made some gestures.（C） He wrote it on a piece of paper.（D）He drew a picture about it.（A）He was deaf, but not dumb.（B） He was dumb, but not deaf.（C） He was deaf and d
38、umb.（D）He couldnt speak because he had just had a throat operation.（A）Take a walk.（B） Clean the house.（C） Go to the doctor.（D）Go to the cinema.（A）12:00 P.M（B） 1:00 P.M（C） 2:00 P.M（D）4:30 P.M（A）Wash the dishes.（B） Call a friend.（C） Play soccer with her brother.（D）Repair the video machine.（A）The machi
39、ne isnt working.（B） They cant decide on a video.（C） Susans mother is going to use it.（D）Susan has to finish her assignment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken
40、 only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）Three minutes.（B） Two Minutes.（C） One minutes.（D）Five minutes.（A）To win a competition.（B） To break a record.（C） To deliver the news of victory.（D）To win the first prize.（A）Because he
41、surpasses the fellow runners.（B） Because he still can run.（C） Because he overcomes fatigue with his will-power.（D）Because he wins the prize.（A）Because they want to earn more money.（B） Because they need animal protein of high-quality.（C） Because they love animals.（D）Because they try to balance the ec
42、osystem.（A）It urged people to improve the raising conditions.（B） It helped people find the cure for the bird flu.（C） It alerted people to the relations between animal and human.（D）It urged people to reduce the livestock production.（A）Animal diseases have nothing to do with human health.（B） Controlli
43、ng animal diseases is bound to pose an economic threat.（C） All animal diseases will cause a great deal of harm to human.（D）Policymakers should control animal diseases in a proper way.（A）How to communicate effectively.（B） Why successful communication are important.（C） What communication is.（D）How to
44、avoid direct communication.（A）Language.（B） Culture.（C） Misinterpretation.（D）Disagreement.（A）One can not compete effectively in workplace.（B） One might be fired.（C） One might be depressed.（D）One might have to learn other skills.（A）How to develop a new airplane technology.（B） Features and possible usa
45、ges of a special engine.（C） How to do experiment with dangerous engines.（D）How to do experiment with unmanned airplanes.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the p
46、assage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard
47、or write down the 37 Tens of thousands of the poorest part-time students are to get extra money to help pay university fees and meet rising living costs, ministers will announce today. The students grant will rise by more than 25%, while the money 【B1】_ through “hardship funds“ will 【B2】_.The announ
48、cement follows growing concern that those institutions with a high proportion of part-time students will lose when 【B3】_ fees for full-time courses start next year. The education secretary, Ruth Kelly, said yesterday that such students played a crucial role in higher education, and the 【B4】_ measure
49、s would ensure part-time undergraduate courses remained open to all. There are around 500,000 part-timers in higher education in England. The government expects 85,000 to 【B5】_ from the financial package.Yesterday David Latchman, of Birkbeck College, London, which educates thousands of part-timers, said the 【B6】_ were a step in the right direction: “This announcement begins to 【B7 】_ the balance so that part-time students who might struggle to pay fees will now have
