1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 790（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 Shopping on the Internet1现在流行网上购物2网上购物有利有弊3你的看法二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For
2、 questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.1 LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food
3、 restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You do
4、nt have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per ye
5、ar! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in t
6、he United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unredeemable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed Of?The trash production in the United States has almost
7、 tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major
8、 countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.There Are Two Ways to Bury Trash:Dump-an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (
9、rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!)Landfill-carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.S
10、anitary landfill-landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment.Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill-landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment.The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolat
11、ed from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(腐烂)much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the LandfillFor a landfill to be buil
12、t, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash and building
13、 landfills are local governments responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study, must be done on the proposed site to determine:the area of land necessary for the landfillthe composition of the underlying soil and bedrockthe flow of surface wat
14、er over the sitethe impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlifethe historical value of the proposed siteBuilding the LandfillOnce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access road
15、s to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surfac
16、e.What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40 years old new
17、spapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wake Coun
18、ty Landfill, must be open and available every day.Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling centre where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, n
19、ewspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of materials in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using th
20、e site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $ 40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $ 4. S million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are
21、not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, and lead acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that a
22、re banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collec
23、tion pond and methane (甲烷) station.Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.2 The passage gives a ge
24、neral description of the structure and use of a landfill.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 Landf
25、ills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG7 In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local government
26、s.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG8 Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG9 Customers are typically_, although residents may also use the landfill.10 The tipping fees vary from_per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs.11 Along the site, there are_for mat
27、erials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be s
28、poken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）He feels very excited.（B） He feels very upset.（C） He feels very angry.（D）He feels very sorry.（A）Reading newspaper.（B） Watching tel
29、evision.（C） Discussing a sports programme.（D）Listening to the music.（A）At a railway station.（B） At an airport.（C） On an airplane.（D）At a bus stop.（A）To go to the study.（B） To play computer games.（C） To ask for his fathers permission.（D）To be quiet and not to disturb his father.（A）A film.（B） A book.（
30、C） A fencing match.（D）A popular singer.（A）The woman is satisfied with the mans apologies.（B） The woman forgives the mans negligence.（C） The woman is not at all pleased with the mans apologies.（D）The woman doesnt need the mans apologies.（A）The students will take an English exam tomorrow morning.（B） T
31、he students will attend a meeting.（C） The teacher postponed the meeting.（D）There wont be an exam this afternoon.（A）The woman doesnt want to pay for the room.（B） The woman likes smoking.（C） The woman wants to have a non-smoking room.（D）Theres no more room in the hotel.（A）A poet.（B） A novel.（C） The ph
32、ysics test.（D）The oral presentation.（A）To go out for exercise.（B） To go out for shopping.（C） To go to the library to borrow a book on William Carlos Williams.（D）To help the woman with her oral presentation.（A）In the classroom.（B） In the dinning hall.（C） In the womans room.（D）In the mans room.（A）It p
33、robably takes place in the street.（B） It probably takes place in a restaurant.（C） It probably takes place at the entrance of a supermarket.（D）It probably takes place in a supermarket.（A）He is a safeguard.（B） He is a policeman.（C） He is the womans husband.（D）He is the manager of the supermarket.（A）Be
34、cause she is the mans friend.（B） Because her belongings are missing.（C） Because she has stolen something in a store.（D）Because she has taken other womans bag.（A）Twenty lip sticks and ten mens watches.（B） Ten mens watches and ten lip sticks.（C） Twenty mens watches and ten lip sticks.（D）Twenty pens an
35、d ten womens watchesSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,
36、B, C and D.（A）3.（B） 4.（C） 6.（D）8.（A）Art.（B） Law.（C） Science.（D）Education.（A）Roman law was so advanced that other nations adopted Roman legal principles.（B） Some Roman-built structures are still standing.（C） Roman superiority began to decline in the fourth century A. D.（D）The ancient Romans were tale
37、nted in many areas.（A）Because everyone knows you in a new place.（B） Because your old friends arent watching you.（C） Because you have much pressure of your former colleagues.（D）Because you have more opportunities.（A）You cant find a good job.（B） You may waste a lot of time.（C） You may feel lonely and
38、unhappy at the beginning.（D）You have to leave your children.（A）Children are always happy to move to a new city.（B） Moving brings the opportunities as well as some problems.（C） Husband and wife dont matter if he or she can benefit from the move.（D）You should think about the future when you move.（A）A
39、state of being sick, but not very serious.（B） A state of being healthy, but not very strong.（C） A state between health and disease.（D）A state of being relaxed.（A）Managers of a large company.（B） Students who are studying in college or university.（C） Teachers around exam-time.（D）Doctors during an oper
40、ation.（A）Eating a plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits.（B） Eating pills of vitamins and trace elements.（C） Alternating work with rest.（D）Doing regular body exercises.（A）People should pay special attention to sub-health since it is a very dangerous state.（B） Healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet are
41、 quite useful for people to recover from sub-health.（C） More than half of sub-healthy people are middle-aged or old people.（D）People should eat more to become stronger in order to avoid sub-health.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for
42、 the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing informati
43、on. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Private does not mean【B1】_ . But it does mean【B2】_ . Public schools in the US are paid for by money from everyone; private schools are not. Parents who send their children to private schools must pay to
44、 do so.Parents may have enough money to pay for private school. But these schools do not have to accept their children. Most private schools accept only children who are【 B3】_ doing well in school and are able to work quietly. Some take only boys or only girls. Classes are often【B4】_ and less【B5】_ t
45、han classes in public schools. This gives children a【B6】_ to learn more of what their teachers are trying to teach them.Public schools don not teach religion. So some parents choose private【B7】_ schools for their children. These schools each belong to a church. They give lessons about that religion.
46、 They give lessons in all the usual school【B8】_ as well.【B9 】_ . At public schools, students wear what they want. They often dress in bright colors and tennis shoes.【B10】_ .Only about 17 per cent of American children are sent to private schools. Most Americans really believe in public education. The
47、y want their children to go to schools that are free and are open to all.【B11 】_.37 【B1 】38 【B2 】39 【B3 】40 【B4 】41 【B5 】42 【B6 】43 【B7 】44 【B8 】45 【B9 】46 【B10 】47 【B11 】Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from
48、 a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words
49、in the bank more than once.48 A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you【S1】the two to do something for your local【S2】?It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to【S3】it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.【S4】, a biodegradable(生物可降解的)mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage【S5 】to recycle.Scientists have come u
