1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 863（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 有人认为人生最好的准备，就是学会与他人合作。有些人则持相反意见，认为只有竞争中有成功。谈谈你的看法，并说明原因。 二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the pa
2、ssage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a
3、 fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it aw
4、ay. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million t
5、ons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled(回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, gener
6、ated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled(glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted(做成堆肥) yard waste. The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed of?The trash production in the United States has a
7、lmost tripled since 1960. This flash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the
8、major countries(United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.What Is a Landfill?There are two ways to bury trash:Dumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is ful
9、l of various animals(rats, mice, birds). This is most peoples idea of a landfill!Landfillcarefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment(groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily c
10、overing of soil.Sanitary landfilllandfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environmentMunicipal solid waste(MSW) landfilllandfill that uses a synthetic(plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment.The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it wi
11、ll be isolated from groundwater, wall be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.Proposing the LandfillFor a landfil
12、l, to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash
13、 and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:the area of land necessary for the landfillthe composition of the underlying soil and bedrockthe flow of
14、surface water over the sitethe impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlifethe historical value of the proposed siteBuilding the LandfillOnce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First,
15、access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. These roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation(环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake County Landfall, the landfill began 10 feet below the ro
16、ad surface.What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year
17、-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wa
18、ke County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials(aluminum cans, glass bot
19、tles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for us
20、ing the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that a
21、re not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals(paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are
22、 banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collecti
23、on pond and methane(甲烷) station.Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.2 The passage gives a gener
24、al description of the structure and use of a landfill.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 Landfill
25、s are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG7 In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.（
26、A）Y（B） N（C） NG8 Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG9 Typical customers of a landfill are _.10 To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay a tipping fee of _.11 Materials that are not permitted to be buried in landills should be
27、 dumped at _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will
28、be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）He spent almost all his money.（B） He didnt lived with his brother.（C） He didnt have any scholarship.（D）He saved a large sum of money.（A）His classmates know the womans mum.（B） His
29、 classmates sends him the letters.（C） He already promised to introduce his classmates to the womans mum.（D）He already promised to save the stamps for his classmates.（A）She has already found her topic.（B） She wont sleep tonight so as to figure out her topic.（C） She is going to have a sound sleep toni
30、ght.（D）She will think about her essay tomorrow.（A）She is beautiful.（B） She earns a lot.（C） She is a full-time worker at the Red Cross.（D）She manages her time efficiently.（A）The meeting is going on in Room 241.（B） The meeting is cancelled.（C） The meeting is about space technology.（D）The meeting is he
31、ld in the conference room.（A）The train will arrive on time.（B） The train has already arrived thirteen minutes ago.（C） The train will arrive in thirteen minutes.（D）The train will be late for thirty minutes.（A）He doesnt know Jack.（B） He forgets to ask Jack.（C） Jack knows a lot about digital camera.（D）
32、Jack probably knows nothing about digital camera.（A）He doesnt work hard enough.（B） He doesnt really enjoy playing computer games.（C） He shows equal enthusiasm on computer games and his job.（D）He loves his job more than computer games.（A）Tuesday.（B） Wednesday.（C） Thursday.（D）Saturday. （A）He hurt his
33、knees when a tall ladder fell on him.（B） He injured his ankle when he fell from a ladder.（C） He sprained his hands when he fell off the roof of his house.（D）He injured his legs when he fell off the roof of his home. （A）The man should put some ice on his injury.（B） The man needs to come into the doct
34、ors office right away.（C） The man ought to take it easy for a few days.（D）The man should come into the doctors office tomorrow. （A）A class that the woman is taking.（B） A job possibility.（C） A chemistry assignment.（D）A study that their chemistry professor did.（A）Shes interested in becoming a psycholo
35、gy major.（B） She wants to earn extra money.（C） She wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab.（D）She wants to get practical experience.（A）Help them with their studies.（B） Pay them for participating in the study.（C） Employ them as lab assistants.（D）Teach classes at their high school.（A）Interview some
36、 high school students.（B） Finish their chemistry experiment.（C） Write their lab reports.（D）Find our professor Smiths schedule.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spo
37、ken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）Helping the needy to survive.（B） Sharing risks of possible losses.（C） Being compulsory in most countries.（D）Covering differently according to different situations.（A）To tell us tha
38、t accidents may take place at any time.（B） To prove that buying insurance is a wasted investment.（C） To prove that it is wise to spend money on insurance.（D）To tell us that the sense of security is very important in driving.（A）Car, retirement and life insurance.（B） Business, poverty and health insur
39、ance.（C） Unemployment, home and life insurance.（D）Possessions, disability and health insurance.（A）Because other girls often treated him in this way.（B） Because he had fallen in love with another girl.（C） Because Echo wouldnt try to embrace him.（D）Because he felt that Echo was not good enough for him
40、.（A）Because he felt sad as he was no longer with Echo.（B） Because he had never met any beautiful girls.（C） Because his “lover“ wouldnt come out of the water.（D）Because he could never find the flower.（A）Narcissus is the name of a flower.（B） Narcissus tried to hug Echo, but in vain.（C） Narcissus was d
41、rowned in the pool.（D）Narcissus saw a beautiful girl in the pool.（A）Cycling around a lake.（B） Motor racing in the desert.（C） Playing basketball in a gym.（D）Swimming in a sports center.（A）It is popular in Portugal and Spain.（B） It causes water shortages around the world.（C） It pollutes the earth with
42、 chemicals and wastes.（D）It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.（A）It is an outdoor sport.（B） It improves our health.（C） It uses fewer resources.（D）It is recommended by experts.（A）To show people the function of major sports.（B） To encourage people to go in for green sports.（C） To d
43、iscuss the major influence of popular sports.（D）To introduce different types of environment-friendly sports.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is re
44、ad for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write dow
45、n the 36 Abel Xavier, Middles roughs Portuguese defender, has failed a drugs test and been suspended from all football by FIFA, footballs world governing body. Xaviers urine【B1 】_after Boros UEFA Cup tie in Xanthi, Greece, was found to be positive. Xavier is protesting his【B2】_to the club. Xavier is
46、 believed to have been taking a supplement to【B3】_a virus.For the time【B4 】_Middlesbrough are【B5】_by Xavier, though they are making no public statements, but a further test will now follow on Xaviers sample and, if that is found to be positive, then the defender, who turns 33 next month, may be bann
47、ed for a【B6】_period that his career is effectively over. UEFA is overseeing the investigation as the test was taken after a game under its【B7】_and the relevant【B8】_is due to meet and report next Monday.Boro would confirm only that Xavier had failed one test. An UEFA spokesman said: “The next step wo
48、uld be to examine the B sample. If that was positive, he would face sanctions laid out in the protocol passed between FIFA and Wada(World Anti-Doping Agency).“【B9 】_, although Edgar Davids, now of Tottenham, was banned four years ago for eight months having been found with nandrolone in his system w
49、hile at Juventus.【B10】_. Shortly after Jaap Sram left Old Trafford he was banned for three months and fined? 50,000 for testing positive for nandrolone.【B11】_(Rio Ferdinand)37 【B1 】38 【B2 】39 【B3 】40 【B4 】41 【B5 】42 【B6 】43 【B7 】44 【B8 】45 【B9 】46 【B10 】47 【B11 】Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage
