1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 872（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of refusal. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:假设朋友 Gary 邀请你参加一个聚会，但你因故不能参加，写信向他说明原因，并祝聚会成功。二、Part II Reading Comprehension
2、(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement co
3、ntradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.1 Fixing a World That Fosters ObesityEnvironment forstering obesityWhy are Americans getting fatter and fatter? The simple explanation is that we eat too much junk food and spend too much
4、 time in front of screensbe they television, phone or computerto burn off all those empty calories.One handy prescription for healthier lives is behavior modification. If people only ate more fresh produce. If only children exercised more. Unfortunately, behavior changes wont work on their own witho
5、ut huge societal shifts, health experts say, because eating too much and exercising too little are merely symptoms of a much larger disease. The real problem is a landscape littered with inexpensive fast-food meals; much advertising for fatty, sugary products; inner cities that lack supermarkets) an
6、d unhealthy, high-stress workplaces. In other words, its the environment.“Everyone knows that you shouldnt eat junk food and you should exercise,“ says Kelly D. Brownell, the director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale. “But the environment makes it so difficult that fewer people
7、 can do these things, and then you have a public health catastrophe.“ Dr. Brownell, who has a doctorate in psychology, is among a number of leading researchers who are proposing large-scale changes to food pricing, advertising and availability, all in the hope of creating an environment favorable to
8、 healthier diet and exercise choices. To that end, health researchers are grappling with how to fix systems that are the root causes of obesity, says Dee W. Edington, the director of the Health Management Research Center at the University of Michigan. “If you take a changed person and put them in th
9、e same environment, they are going to go back to the old behaviors,“ says Dr. Edington, who has a doctorate in physical education. “If you change the culture and the environment first, then you can go back into a healthy environment and, when you get change, it sticks. “Indeed, despite individual ef
10、forts by some states to tax soda pop, promote farm stands, require healthier school lunches or order calorie information in chain restaurants, obesity rates in the United States are growing. An estimated 72. 5 million adults in the United States are obese, according to the Centers for Disease Contro
11、l and Prevention. Last year, about 27 percent of adults said they were obese, compared with about 20 percent in 2000, as reported in a C. D. C. study published this month. And, the report said, obesity may cost the medical system as much as $ 147 billion annually. Equalizing food priceSo what kind o
12、f changes might help nudge (促使) Americans into healthier routines? Equalizing food pricing, for one.Fast-food restaurants can charge lower prices for value meals of hamburgers and French fries than for salad because the government subsidizes the corn and soybeans used for animal feed and vegetable o
13、il, says Barry Popkin, a professor of nutrition at the Gillings School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “We have made it more expensive to eat healthy in a very big way,“ says Dr. Popkin, who has a doctorate in agricultural economics and is the author of a book ca
14、lled The World Is Fat -. The Fads, Trends, Policies and Products That Are Fattening the Human Race.The inflation-adjusted price of a McDonalds quarter-pounder with cheese, for example, fell 5. 44 percent from 1990 to 2007, according to an article on the economics of child obesity published in the jo
15、urnal Health Affairs. But the inflation-adjusted price of fruit and vegetables, which are not subject to federal largess (赠与), rose 17 percent just from 1997 to 2003, the study said. Cutting agricultural subsidies would have a big impact on peoples eating habits, says Dr. Popkin. “If we cut the subs
16、idy on whole milk and made it cheaper only to drink low-fat milk,“ he says, “people would switch to it and it would save a lot of calories.“ Company keeping employees from obesityHealth experts are also looking to the private sector. On-site fitness centres and vending machines that sell good-for-yo
17、u snacks are practical workplace innovations that many companies have instituted.On a more philosophical level, innovative companies are training managers not to burn out employees by overworking them, says Dr. Edington of the University of Michigan. “Stress comes up. It can lead to overeating and o
18、besity,“ Dr. Edington says. At companies that see employee health as a renewable resource, he adds, managers encourage employees to go home on time so they can spend more time with their families, communities or favorite activities. “Instead of going home with an empty tank, you can go home with the
19、 energy that we gave you by the way we run our business,“ he says.Corporate-sector efforts arent entirely altruistic (无私心的). Its less expensive for businesses to keep healthy workers healthy than to cover the medical costs of obesity and related problems like diabetes (糖尿病). For employees at IBM and
20、 their families, for example, the annual medical claim for an obese adult or child costs about double that of a non-obese adult or child, says Martin J. Sepulveda, IBMs vice president for integrated health services.IBM has been promoting wellness for employees since the 1980s. But in 2008, it began
21、offering a new program, the Childrens Health Rebate, to encourage employees to increase their at-home family dinners, their servings of fruits and vegetables, and their physical activities, as well as to reduce their childrens television and computer time. In addition to helping prevent obesity in c
22、hildren, Mr. Sepulveda says, the program is aimed at employees who might neglect to exercise on their own but would willingly participate as part of a family project. Each family that completes the program receives $ 150.Britain launching an attack concerning obesityAll of these ideas sound promisin
23、g. But the architecture of obesity is so entrenched (难以更改的) that policy makers, companies, communities, families and individuals will need to undertake a variety of efforts to displace and replace it, says Alan Lyles, a professor at the School of Health and Human Services at the University of Baltim
24、ore.And American efforts can seem piecemeal compared with those in Britain, where the government has undertaken an allround national attack, requiring changes in schools, health services and the food industry. Britain now places restrictions on advertising fatty, sugary and salty foods during childr
25、ens shows, for example. And by 2011, cooking classes will be mandatory (强制性的) for all 11- to 14-year-old students in the nation. The hope is to teach a generation of children who grew up on prepared foods how to cook healthy meals, and perhaps to make eating at homeinstead of at the local fried fish
26、-and-chips shopthe default option.2 What is a convenient way to live a healthier life?（A）To change peoples behaviors.（B） To choose more fresh produce.（C） To stay away from the screens.（D）To close all the fast food restaurants.3 What is the real problem leading to obesity?（A）Many advertisements for j
27、unk food.（B） Lacking supermarkets.（C） Unhealthy workplaces.（D）The environment that people live in.4 What can we infer concerning the relationship between environment and peoples behaviors?（A）There is no relationship between the two.（B） Environment will influence peoples behaviors.（C） Peoples behavio
28、rs will influence environment.（D）The two will influence each other.5 What is the benefit of equalizing food price?（A）It might promote Americans into a healthier lifestyle.（B） It will lower the prices of salad.（C） It will raise the prices of hamburgers.（D）It will make it expensive to eat healthy food
29、.6 What could government do to change peoples eating habits?（A）Order restaurants to modify their prices.（B） Persuade consumers to choose healthy food.（C） Persuade people to change their eating habits.（D）Cut some agricultural subsidies.7 What can we conclude from Dr. Edingtons words?（A）Companies burn
30、 out employees by overworking them.（B） Stress in companies can cause obesity.（C） Managers forbid employees to go home on time.（D）Managers forbid employees to spend more time with their families.8 Why do the companies make efforts to keep employees healthy?（A）Because the companies are completely self
31、less.（B） Because it will reduce the companies cost in medical care.（C） Because the companies care about their employees.（D）Because healthy workers can bring more profits.9 Policy makers, companies, etc. will need to undertake a variety of efforts to displace and replace10 Promoting fatty, sweet and
32、salty foods during childrens programs is_.11 In Britain, by 2011, it will be compulsory for 11- to 14-year-old students to attend_.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked
33、about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）Shes a poor student.（B） She shouldnt worry about her grades.
34、（C） She doesnt like to talk about her grades.（D）She hasnt got her grades yet.（A）The woman should buy some Jewelry instead.（B） The woman should buy a battery from the Smiths Jewelry.（C） He knows whats wrong with the womans watch.（D）The jewelry store can probably repair the womans watch.（A）Looking for
35、 a timetable.（B） Buying some furniture.（C） Reserving a table.（D）Window shopping.（A）He will definitely come.（B） He cant accept such generosity.（C） He is too busy.（D）He will be out of town this weekend.（A）Jims grades were too poor to get a scholarship.（B） Jim would have got a scholarship if his math g
36、rades had been better.（C） Jims math was poor since he doesnt know how to measure.（D）Jims math grades sharply go down this time.（A）Purchase her plane ticket.（B） Change her plane ticket.（C） Pick up a passport application form.（D）Arrange for her accommodations in Europe.（A）She doesnt have time to move.
37、（B） She would have difficulty finding another apartment.（C） Shes paid her rent for the summer in advance（D）She doesnt want to paint another apartment.（A）Three weeks.（B） One month.（C） Three months.（D）Over a year.（A）An interview between two companies.（B） An interview between an employer and an applica
38、nt.（C） An interview between an employer and an employee.（D）An interview by a talk show hostess.（A）He has worked in a trading company.（B） He majored in English Literature in university.（C） He has worked for an American company for 4 years.（D）He has studied in the U. S. A. for half a year.（A）He wants
39、more challenging work.（B） He wants to earn more money.（C） He wants to enjoy more freedom.（D）He is not satisfied with the company.（A）The man has to wait for some further notice.（B） The man has to go back to his trading company.（C） The man has failed to get the job.（D）The man has succeeded in applying
40、 for the job.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C an
41、d D.（A）He should start to learn the local language.（B） He should learn about and comprehend the new customs and try to adjust himself.（C） He should adapt himself to the new environment.（D）He should make efforts to restrain his emotions.（A）Four.（B） Five.（C） Six.（D）Seven.（A）The different stages of “cu
42、lture shock“ in details.（B） The various aspects of emotional confusion.（C） Some useful advice to the newcomers going to a foreign country.（D）Several mixed conceptions of the American culture.（A）David had made a lot of money in stocks.（B） David wore expensive clothes when driving.（C） David ran into a
43、 boyhood friend twenty years ago.（D）David taught business at a local community college. （A）Because he has made enough money to make a good living.（B） Because he likes teaching business in a local college.（C） Because he cannot get support from his family.（D）Because he feels much stressed. （A）People c
44、an make more money in stocks than in teaching.（B） The proverb “No pains, no gains“ is confirmed.（C） To become rich is every mans ambition.（D）Being rich is not equal to being happy. （A）The influence of old people in the U.S.（B） Citizens and life in the U. S.（C） Changes in American families.（D）The old
45、 people in the U. S.（A）About the cost of living.（B） About pollution.（C） About their safety.（D）About traffic jams.（A）They are built in the countryside.（B） They are located in warm areas.（C） They are well decorated.（D）They are financed by the government.（A）Their numbers are increasing.（B） They have wi
46、sdom.（C） They are more capable.（D）They are good organizers.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill
47、in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 33 Lets congratulate on your decision to st
48、art your own business. But where do you go from here? Paper clips, memo pad, phone and table? Almost but not quite. One of the faults【B1】_by home based business owners【B2】_known as a small office home office is that they fail to consider the【B3 】_of expansion.It is fine to start working from the kit
49、chen table but what happens when things start to take off and you still do not want to have an office space? Where do you place the home office? If you have the space, I【B4】_suggest a room unto itself. This permits you to close the door and separate your personal life from business. You are able to leave everything you are working on right where it is instead of【B5】_ to clean-up for dinner or to go to bed. These clean up steps can lead to problems down the road. Where you anchor the
