1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 122（无答案）一、Part I Writing1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Harm of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1目
2、前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品；2举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害；3消除伪劣商品的方法。Section A（A）No. He has to finish his homework.（B） No. He doesnt like going to the club.（C） Yes. Hell go after he finished his homework.（D）Yes. Hell write his paper after he returns.（A）At a newsstand.（B） At a car dealers.（C） At a publishing house.（D）A
3、t a newspaper office.（A）A movie.（B） A lecture.（C） A play.（D）A speech.（A）Having a break.（B） Continuing the meeting.（C） Moving on to the next item.（D）Waiting a little longer.（A）At a library.（B） In a bus.（C） At the airport.（D）At a post office.（A）The man wants to go to San Francisco.（B） There are no fli
4、ghts to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.（C） There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.（D）If the man boards the plane to Los Angeles now, he will have to transfer at San Francisco.（A）Shop assistant.（B） A telephone operator.（C） A waitress.（D）A clerk.（A）If the game is he
5、ld there the team will lose.（B） If the game is held there the team will win.（C） It makes no difference since the team will lose.（D）It makes no difference since the team will win.（A）Relaxing at the seashore.（B） Visiting her parents.（C） Sailing on a boat.（D）Preparing for a race.（A）She was invited only
6、 for the weekend.（B） The weather was too hot.（C） She had an appointment.（D）She had schoolwork to do.（A）She had to go home.（B） She was too tired to continue.（C） She had to finish her schoolwork.（D）She was thirsty.（A）She doesnt know how to swim.（B） The water was too deep.（C） The water was too cold.（D）
7、She didnt have enough time.（A）Searching for reference material.（B） Looking for a job in a movie studio.（C） Writing a course book.（D）Watching a film of the 1930s.（A）Its a bit outdated.（B） Its too broad to cope with.（C） Its of little practical value.（D）Its controversial.（A）In The New York Times.（B） At
8、 the end of the online catalogue.（C） At the Reference Desk.（D）In the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.Section B（A）The importance of advertisement.（B） The societys great need of advertisement.（C） The origin of advertisement.（D）The prosperity of advertisement.（A）The local governments.（B） Their o
9、wners families.（C） Advertisements.（D）The audience.（A）Advertising is personal.（B） Advertisements are convincing.（C） Advertisements are unreliable.（D）Advertisements are misleading.（A）They share certain traditional customs.（B） They share certain travel places.（C） They share certain traditional foods.（D
10、）They share the traditional music.（A）They will exchange rings.（B） They will exchange presents.（C） They will exchange promises.（D）They will exchange flowers.（A）To hold a reception party.（B） To have a big dinner.（C） To congratulate on the couple.（D）To shower the couple with rice.（A）It resembles the bi
11、ological virus.（B） It works the same way as the human virus.（C） It influences the human as the biological viruses do.（D）It spreads to people who use the infected computers.（A）They invade the computer and make it a place for manufacturing.（B） They spread throughout the whole system by quickly copying
12、 themselves.（C） They infect the hard disc and the whole system.（D）They spread viruses inside the computer system.（A）It is a virus that causes great damage.（B） It is a virus that once infected the IBMs computer system.（C） It is a virus that carries a Christmas greeting.（D）It is a virus that causes no
13、 harm to the computer systems.（A）It can cause no damages at all.（B） It can cause damages to the computer systems.（C） It can copy your files in computers.（D）It can format your hard drive.Section C26 Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think that it comes down to the structure o
14、f the food, not its chemical composition a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain much【B1】_. so why cream should sour much faster has been a【B2】_.Both are emulsions tiny globules of one liquid evenly【B3】_throughout another. The difference
15、lies in whats in the globules and whats in the surrounding. In cream, fatty globules【B4 】 _in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery【B5】_are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the【B6】_. This means that in cream, the b
16、acteria are free to grow throughout the mixture. When the situation is【B7】_. the bacteria are locked away in【B8】_buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way,【 B9】_colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products.In butter, t
17、here is a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing. The researchers arealready working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made【B10 】 _bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure. They believe that it will be possible to make the emulsions used in sa
18、lad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.27 【B1 】28 【B2 】29 【B3 】30 【B4 】31 【B5 】32 【B6 】33 【B7 】34 【B8 】35 【B9 】36 【B10 】Section A36 Theres no question that the Earth is getting hotter. Th
19、e real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we【C1 】_to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable【C2】_for fossil fuels? Global warming can seem too【C3 】_to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer【C4】_that often cant get next weeks weathe
20、r right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldnt be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about climate change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and【C5】_our lifestyles. Comforting thoughts, perhaps.
21、 Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some【C6】_news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the temperature is up 1F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results arent pretty. Ice is【
22、C7 】_. rivers are running dry, and coasts are【C8】_. threatening communities. The【C9】_are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldnt be out of mind, because they are【C10】_of whats in store for the rest of the planet.A)remote B)techniques C)consisting D)omens E)willingF)restrict G)skill H)appet
23、ite I)melting J)vanishingK)eroding L)discomforting M)curiosity N)changes O)skillful37 【C1 】38 【C2 】39 【C3 】40 【C4 】41 【C5 】42 【C6 】43 【C7 】44 【C8 】45 【C9 】46 【C10 】Section B46 Endangered PeoplesA)Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of
24、our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the worlds native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to s
25、urvive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe. Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.B)The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia.
26、Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope
27、 to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.C)Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many pe
28、ople claim that native people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.D)Art Davidson traveled thousands of
29、 miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves, he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to sp
30、eak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents values and customs. Mr. Davidson says the peoples cries are the same: “Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people? “E)Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American
31、 state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where
32、he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he first wondered: “Where are they? Where did they go?“ He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settl
33、ers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.F)The Gwichin are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwichin remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a l
34、arge deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwichin.G)One Gwichin told Art Davidson of memories from his
35、 childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: “As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms
36、 or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!“H)About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwichin
37、. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the place where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwichin feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwichin woman describes the situation in these words: “Oil development threatens the caribou. If
38、the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers.They have not seen the old peo
39、ple cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever. “I)A scientist with a British oil company dismisses(驳回, 打消)the fears of the Gwichin. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwichin, however, are resisting. They t
40、ook legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal l
41、ands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.J)The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peo
42、ples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It wor
43、ks with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.K)Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Surv
44、ival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishinabe of North American. And it provides th
45、e names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.L)David Maybury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. Maybury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world
46、. A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings w
47、hen these rights are threatened. Mr. MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods tha
48、t lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war.47 Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples.48 The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.49 Ar
49、t Davidsons initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his childhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.50 The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.51 By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people desire to remain themselves.52 Most of the Gwichin are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.53 Cultural S
