1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 111 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on t
2、he Answer Sheet.0 The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and cant be told one from another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of.The original Americans, of course, were the Indian
3、s. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France.One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and
4、 Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to eventually escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians.One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that the
5、y have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something
6、from the 19th century. They have a different reason than the other groups for staying apart. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keeping together in a racial group.Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped
7、 make the United States a great country. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country.Many people still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that le
8、t a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.1 Which of the following statements can best describe the main ide
9、a of this passage?（A）The United States is a country made up of many different races.（B） Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.（C） All the races in the United States have helped make the country a great one.（D）The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard wor
10、k of the most discriminated races.2 In the first paragraph, the word “told“ means_.（A）separated（B） distinguished（C） revealed（D）made known3 This passage implies that discrimination is a problem which_.（A）many races in the United States have experienced（B） is still very serious in the United States（C）
11、 has already been solved in the United States（D）is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States4 The main reason why the Indians are most discriminated against is that_.（A）they have tried hard to keep their religious（B） they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian cust
12、oms（C） they are the only ones who tried to keep their identity（D）they discriminate many other races5 The Dutch live separately in Pennsylvania_.（A）to escape discrimination（B） to enjoy themselves in their own towns（C） to keep together in a racial group（D）for religious reasons5 For years, the Tobacco
13、Institute has tried unsuccessfully to refute (反驳) the charge by health experts that cigarette smoking can be dangerous to your health. Now the institute has taken a new tack (行动方针). In an advertising campaign last fall, the industry trade association ignored health questions and stressed that not sm
14、oking could be dangerous to the local economy. “Tobacco means $1,193,000,000 to Virginia,“ trumpeted one advertisement, “Virginia tobacco helps pave Virginia social programs. Tobacco means 90,000 Virginia jobs.“ The message was repeated with the appropriate dollar figures in six other tobacco states
15、.The statistics are based on a study by the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, which calculates that, overall, the U. S. tobacco industry generates $30 million in wages and earnings, $15. 5 billion in capital investment and $22 billion in tax revenue each year. “ If you look at the economic
16、 contribution tobacco makes to America,“ says Edward Horrigan, Jr. , Chairman of R. J Reynolds Tobacco Co. , “there is no reason for us to be ashamed of the business we are in. “The American Cancer Society disagrees. While Virginia is collecting its $1.2 billion in tobacco revenue this year, the Soc
17、iety said 2,900 of its citizens will be victims of lung cancer. Thousands more, the society could have added, will be victims of other diseases strongly associated with smoking. And the U. S. Surgeon General estimates the direct dollar costs of treating smoking-related illnesses nationally at more t
18、han $ 13 billion a yearnot to mention another $25 billion in lost wages and productivity.6 On what ground did the Tobacco Institute argue with health experts?（A）They are unwilling to pay more tax.（B） Cigarette smoking can not be dangerous to health.（C） Most people can not get rid of smoking habit.（D
19、）Much of the governments revenue comes from tobacco tax.7 The Tobacco Institute has taken a new tack to refute the charge by_.（A）advertising（B） trumpeting（C） the help of the industry trade association（D）supporting Virginia social programs8 “Tobacco means $1,193 ,000,000 to Virginia. “ This implies t
20、hat_.（A）Virginia will produce $1,193,000,000 tobacco（B） tobacco is worth $1,193,000,000 in Virginia（C） Virginia will collect $1,193,000,000 in tobacco revenue（D）the tax on tobacco in Virginia is high9 Why does Edward Horrigan, Jr. say there is no reason for us to be ashamed of the business we are in
21、“?（A）Because he thinks that tobacco is not harmful to health.（B） Because he thinks that tobacco makes a great contribution to the American economy.（C） Because he thinks that tobacco does much damage to the American economy.（D）Because he thinks that tobacco is essential to many Americans.10 The U. S.
22、 Governments annual tobacco revenue is_.（A）$1.2 billion（B） $15.5 billion（C） $22 billion（D）$30 billion10 It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make and the roots of our habits and skills are
23、 to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering“ things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typic
24、ally behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machine
25、s. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words“ready for instant use. An average U. S. teenager p
26、robably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the adva
27、nced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.11 According to the passage, memory is considered to be_.（A）the basis for decision making and problem solving（B） an ability to store experiences for future use（C） an int
28、elligence typically possessed by human beings（D）the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words12 The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of human being shows that_.（A）the computers memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenagers（B） the compute
29、rs memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being s（C） the computers memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager s（D）both A and B13 The whole passage implies that_.（A）only human beings have problem-solving intelligence（B） a persons memory is different from a computers in every re
30、spect（C） animals are able to solve only very simple problems（D）animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence14 The phrase “in terms of“ in the last sentence can best be replaced by_.（A）in connection with（B） expressed by（C） consisting（D）by means of15 The topic of the passage is_.（A）Wha
31、t would life be like without memory（B） Memory is of vital importance to life（C） How is a person s memory different from an animal s or a computer s（D）What is contained in memory15 Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. Instead of depen
32、ding on largely ineffective laws against poaching (偷猎 ) , it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, for instance, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sports.
33、 This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them because of the economic benefit involved.This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. W
34、ith corruption in these developing countries, some observers are skeptical(怀疑的) that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers.There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it com
35、es to protecting forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephantsallow logging companies to cut down certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest.Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as we
36、ll as investment in replacing them. Because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations and incentive to do this.One solution might be to certify wood which comes from sustainably managed forests. In theory, consumers wo
37、uld buy only this wood and so force logging companies to go “green“ or go out of business. Unfortunately, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times morean increase that consumers, no matter how “green“, are unlikely to pay.16 Wh
38、ich of the following statements is true in understanding the “sustainable management“?（A）Sustainable management is usually used in commercial units.（B） Sustainable management is more powerful than laws.（C） We will probably meet many problems in the course of applying sustainable management.（D）It is
39、likely that sustainable management will replace the laws in protecting living things.17 The example of Zimbabwe is mentioned in the first paragraph is to_.（A）prove that sustainable management is ineffective（B） explain what sustainable management is（C） show that tourism there is flourishing（D）illustr
40、ate that people there are good at making money with elephants18 The phrase “go green“ in paragraph 5 probably means_.（A）a company begins to make money instead of being in red（B） making the forests always green in colour（C） operating in ways which do not damage the environment（D）starting from the ver
41、y beginning19 What is the passage mainly about?（A）What does environmental protection mainly include.（B） How feasible is sustainable management in environmental protection.（C） What attitudes do different people have towards sustainable management.（D）How can people protect animals and plants.20 What a
42、ttitude does the author take towards the feasibility of sustainable management?（A）Positive.（B） Pessimistic.（C） Negative.（D）Skeptical.20 America is a country on the move. In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent o
43、f American adults exercise regularlyup 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active.It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on
44、magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity(宣传)
45、for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewardingand sometimes saferforms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of
46、 exercise.As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (强有力地) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such phys
47、ical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.21 According to the passage, what was the percentage of American adults doing regular physical exercises two years ago?（A）About 70%.（B） Almost 50%.（C） Nearly 60% .（D）More than 12
48、% .22 A growing interest in sports developed after_.（A）research showed their health benefits（B） people got the message from magazine covers and postage stamps（C） scientific evidence of health benefits was shown on TV ads（D）an increasing number of races were held in American cities23 Which of the fol
49、lowing is closest in meaning to the phrase “leveled off“ (Para. 2) ?（A）become very popular（B） stopped being popular（C） stopped increasing in popularity（D）reached its lowest level in popularity24 It can be learnt from the passage that the health benefits of exercise_.（A）are yet to be proved（B） are to be further studied（C） are self-evident（D）are supported by scientific evidence25 Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?（A）ExerciseThe Road to Health（B） Differ
