1、2010 年 4 月全国自考（英语阅读一）真题试卷及答案与解析一、CAREFUL READING0 A head track coach, Bill Bowerman, designed a pair of lighter shoes with better support and greater strength and sent the design to leading sporting-goods companies. They all turned him down.The rejections brought Bowerman face to face with his own p
2、hilosophy of“competitive response. “He had taught his sportsmen to value competition not so much for its prizes as for its intellectual and spiritual satisfaction. This was true of his determination to make the shoes himself.He made his first pair of track shoes light and graceful. His runners won i
3、n his hand-made shoes. But who would like to manufacture such shoes?In 1962, Knight, one of Bowermans sportsmen, offered to travel to Japan and called on one of Japans best manufacturers of sports shoes. The manufacturer promised to produce shoes of his design and Knights company would be their only
4、 distributor in the U. S. A year later, a shipment of 200 Bowerman shoes arrived in Oregon.At first, Knight and Bowerman worked with a small team and went selling out of cars at track meets. But slowly, the running world got to know the secret of their product.Then in 1972, the Japanese company cut
5、off all supplies to their company and established a separate distribution network in the U. S. In 30 days Knight succeeded in finding a new manufacturer. And today the company takes the largest share in the shoe business. You ask me the brand name of the shoes? Its Nike, named after the Greek Goddes
6、s of Victory.Bowerman, Knight and the Nike team have a firm belief that a shared responsibility requires outstanding individual performance and a willingness to contribute that performance to the group.1 The new track shoes designed by Bowerman_. ( )（A）helped develop his teams athletic skills（B） hel
7、ped improve his runners performance（C） opened up the Japanese sports shoes market（D）opened up the American sports shoes market2 Bowermans response to competition is related to sportsmens _. ( )（A）team spirit（B） spiritual needs（C） material rewards（D）prize winning3 According to the passage, Bowermans
8、shoes were first sold by_. ( )（A）the shoe manufacturer in Japan（B） Knight, Bowerman and their team（C） a leading sporting-goods company in Japan（D）a leading sporting-goods company in America4 The difficulty Knight ran into in 1972 arose from_. ( )（A）the rejection of the shoe design（B） the quality pro
9、blem of the shoes（C） the competition from other companies（D）the Japanese companys new decision5 The success of the Nike team lies in_. ( )（A）the manufacturers philosophy（B） the fashionable design of the shoes（C） their cooperation with a foreign company（D）their individual performance and teamwork5 Se
10、venteenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and
11、more colonists built fine houses.Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. There are an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders in colonial
12、 libraries, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displayed a wide range of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.Increasing wealth throughout the co
13、lonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire forced people to use more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of sto
14、ne, but only in Pennsylvania and its neighboring areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of bricks is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in the crowded town of Charlest
15、on, wooden houses were much more common than brick houses.Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the gray glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorati
16、ve. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were sometimes elaborately decorated. White paint began to take the place of blue, yellow, green and gray colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns
17、began to appear in colonial newspapers.6 The passage mainly discusses_ . ( )（A）the improved design of the 18th century colonial houses（B） the role of carpenters in building the 18th century houses（C） the varieties of decorations used in the 18th century houses（D）a comparison of the 18th century hous
18、es and modern houses7 Those responsible for designing houses in the 18th century North America were_ . ( )（A）customers（B） carpenters（C） interior decorators（D）professional architects8 Stones were commonly used to build houses in_ . ( )（A）Virginia（B） Boston（C） Charleston（D）Pennsylvania9 The word“prede
19、cessors“(para. 4) refers to_ . ( )（A）colonists in the 17th century（B） wooden houses in Charleston（C） houses before the 18th century（D）interior improvements in houses10 It can be inferred from the 4th paragraph that before 1730 _. ( )（A）patterned wallpaper was not widely used（B） patterned wallpaper w
20、as not used in stone houses（C） wallpaper samples could be found in libraries（D）wallpaper was the same color as the wall paints10 The universities from which todays universities are descendents were founded in the Middle Ages. They were established either by corporations of students wanting to learn,
21、 as in Italy, or by teachers wanting to teach, as in France. Corporations that had special legal or customary privileges for the purpose of carrying out the intentions of the incorporators were common in those days. The university corporations of the Middle Ages at the height of their power were not
22、 responsible to anybody, and could not be punished by any authorities. They claimed, and made good their claim, complete independence of all religious and nonreligious control. The American university was, however, at first a corporation formed by a religious group or by the state for the purposes o
23、f the group.The American university in the seventeenth century was much closer to the American university today than to the university in the Middle Ages. The Puritan communities needed ministers and professional men and so they established universities to provide them. Later, religious groups built
24、 universities in order to extend their own influence. For example, the University of Chicago was founded by devout (虔诚的) Baptists to combat the rising tide of Methodism in the Middle West and Shakers in the East. The president and the trustees of the University were required to have the proper relig
25、ious relations in order to keep the University on the right path. Fortunately, the combination of John D, Rockefeller, William Rainey Harper, and the enlightened wing of the Baptist Church preserved the university from too narrow an interpretation of its purpose.11 French universities in the Middle
26、Ages were founded by _. ( )（A）the government（B） groups of scholars（C） the Catholic Church（D）students wanting to learn12 Puritans set up universities primarily for the purpose of _. ( )（A）training school teachers（B） influencing the government（C） providing ministers and professionals（D）supplying profe
27、ssionals for corporations13 The University of Chicago was established by_. ( )（A）Shakers（B） Puritans（C） Methodists（D）Baptists14 The writer mentions John D.Rockefeller and William Rainey Harper to show that _. ( )（A）they were important founders of the university（B） they were extremely faithful in the
28、ir religious beliefs（C） they broadened the original goal of the university（D）they stuck to the founding principles of the university15 Early universities in the U. S. were founded mostly for _. ( )（A）economic reasons（B） political reasons（C） religious purposes（D）academic purposes15 If you are looking
29、 for an explanation of why we dont get tough with criminals, you need only look at the numbers. Each year almost a third of the households in America are victims of violence or theft. This amounts to more than 41 million crimes, many more than we are able to punish. There are also too many criminals
30、. We dont have room for any moreThe painful fact is that the more crime there is, the less we are able to punish it. We think that punishment prevents crime, but it just might be the other way around. When there is so much crime it is simply impossible to deal with it or punish it. This is the situa
31、tion we find ourselves in today: the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. Some of the most exclusive prisons now require about five serious crimes before a criminal is accepted.These features show that it makes little sense to blame the police or
32、 judges for being soft on criminals. There is not much else they can do. The police cant find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. Those convicted cant all be sent to prison. The public demands that we do everything we can against crime. The practical reality is
33、 that there is very little the police, courts or prisons can do about the crime problem.We could, of course, get tough with the people we already have in prison and keep them locked up for longer periods of time. Yet when measured against the lower crime rates, this would probably produce, longer pr
34、ison sentences are not worth the cost to states and local governments. Besides, those states that have tried to gain voters approval for building new prisons often discover that the public is unwilling to pay for prison constructions. And if it were willing to pay, long prison sentences may not be e
35、ffective in reducing crime.More time spent in prison is also more expensive. The best estimates are that it costs an average of $ 13,000 to keep a person in prison for one year. If we had a place to keep the 124,000 released prisoners, it would have cost us $ 1. 6 billion to prevent 15,000 crimes. T
36、his works out to more than $ 100,000 per crime prevented. But there is more. With the average cost of prison construction running around $ 50,000 per bed, it would cost more than $ 6 billion to build the necessary cells. The first-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it i
37、f the victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a national policy.Faced with the reality of the numbers, I will not be so foolish as to suggest a solution to the crime problem. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation; getting tough with
38、 criminals is not the answer.16 By saying“it just might be the other way around“(para. 2), the writer means _. ( )（A）severe punishment lowers crime rates（B） soft measures lead to the rise of crime rates（C） easy policies are more effective than strict ones（D）the increase in crime makes punishment dif
39、ficult17 It is wrong to blame the police or judges for not being hard on criminals partly because_ . ( )（A）trials are expensive（B） criminals are very dangerous（C） the police force is weak（D）the public fill to support the court18 The cost for constructing prisons is_ ( )（A）$ 13,000 per bed（B） $ 50,00
40、0 per bed（C） $ 100,000 per bed（D）$ 150,000 per bed19 The writer of the passage bases his argument mainly upon _. ( )（A）statistical evidence（B） public opinions（C） criminal psychology（D）personal experience20 The tone of the passage is_. ( )（A）playful（B） serious（C） satirical（D）angry二、SPEED READING20 Jo
41、yce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories, By the North Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her masters degree from the University of Wisconsin and became an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been tremendous, accumul
42、ating in less than two decades up to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor in Ontario, and in 1978, to Prin
43、ceton University. Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but they also find such a large body of writing very amazing.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has see
44、med at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on depicting the world as it is. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come from her personal observations, her dreams and her fears, much more is clearly from the exper
45、iences of others. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964) , dealt with stock ear racing, though she had never seen a race. In Them (1964) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of on
46、e of her students. Whatever the source is and however shocking the events or the motivations are, her fictional world nonetheless remains strikingly related to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news, talk shows and the popular magazines of our day.21 The passage is main
47、ly an introduction to Oatess_ ( )（A）career（B） childhood（C） By the North Gate（D）contemporary writers22 The passage tells us that Joyce Carol Oatess first publication was_. ( )（A）unsuccessful（B） published in 1965（C） a volume of short fictions（D）about an English instructor23 The most striking feature o
48、f Joyce Carol Oatess work is her _ ( )（A）realism（B） radicalism（C） imagination（D）conservatism24 The subject of Joyce Carol Oatess first novel is_ ( )（A）teaching（B） loneliness（C） ear racing（D）hopelessness25 The author mentions Oatess book Them because it is _. ( )（A）an autobiography（B） her best piece
49、of nonfiction（C） a typical novel of the 1960s（D）not based on her experiences25 Cliff House has gone through five major constructions and reconstructions since its beginning in 1858. That year, Samuel Bran-nan, a prosperous man from Maine, bought for $ 1,500 the lumber from a ship that wrecked on the cliffs below. With this material he built the first Cliff House. The second Cliff House was built for Captain Junius G. Foster, but as it
