1、全国自考（英语阅读一）模拟试卷 5 及答案与解析一、CAREFUL READING0 He was a funny looking man with a cheerful face, good natured and a great talker. He was described by his student, the great philosopher Plato, as “the best and most just and wisest man“. Yet this same man was condemned (判刑) to death for his beliefs.The man
2、 was the Greek philosopher, Socrates, and he was condemned for not believing in the recognized gods and for corrupting young people. The second charge stemmed from his association with numerous young men who came to Athens from all over the civilized world to study under him.Socrates method of teach
3、ing was to ask questions and, by pretending not to know the answers, to press his students into thinking for themselves. His teachings had unsurpassed influence on all the great Greek and Roman schools of philosophy. Yet, despite his fame and influence, Socrates himself never wrote a word.Socrates e
4、ncouraged new ideas and free thinking in the young, and this was frightening to the conservative people. They wanted him silenced. Yet, many were probably surprised that he accepted death so readily.Socrates had the right to ask for a lesser penalty, and he probably could have won over enough of the
5、 people who had previously condemned him. But Socrates, as a firm believer in law, reasoned that it was proper to submit to the death sentence. So he calmly accepted his fate and drank a cup of poison in the presence of his grief-stricken friends and students.1 According to Platos description, Socra
6、tes_ . ( )（A）was a funny and good-tempered man（B） was the most just and intelligent man（C） had a special way to attract his students（D）had close relationships with his students2 Socrates was condemned for all the following reasons except _. ( )（A）doubting the publicly recognized gods（B） corrupting t
7、he young people with his teachings（C） grouping students together to study under him（D）pressing his listeners into thinking for themselves3 Socrates teaching was intended to_. ( )（A）encourage independent thinking（B） win over the conservative people（C） inform students of his radical ideas（D）lead his a
8、udience to be disobedient4 The word “unsurpassed“ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to_ ( )（A）untold（B） unequalled（C） unnoticed（D）unexpected5 Socrates readily accepted the death penalty because of_ ( )（A）his disregard for death（B） his disbelief in gods（C） his contempt for conservatives（D）
9、his belief in the legal system5 When youre negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or she might be sending to you. For example, the word “difficult“ does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine youre staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The managers answer of, “Th
10、at would be very difficult, sir“, does not mean that he is saying “no“. It just means that he wants to know what you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesmans comment, “Im sorry, but we
11、never negotiate on the price“, means that they do negotiate on other things, like the delivery time, or the “extra“ that might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom, if the salesman says, “Sorry, I cant negotiate prices“, then your response should be to ask who can. The mess
12、age the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two “players“ wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examples above, the salesmen
13、and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions, but their “messages“ make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.6 The h
14、otel managers answer “That would be very difficult, sir“ implies_ . ( )（A）you can change the room if you find some excuse（B） someone else has paid more for the room under discussion（C） the room is available if an extra sum of money is offered（D）someone else has booked the room in return for more mon
15、ey7 When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can_. ( )（A）negotiate the price with the manager（B） demand to see the one who can（C） find out other possibilities in the purchase（D）accept the price without any further negotiation8 This passage is intended for_ . ( )（A）manag
16、ers（B） customers（C） salesmen（D）scholars9 The passage tells us how to_ ( )（A）send messages in a negotiation（B） become a successful salesman（C） profit from business transactions（D）receive messages in a negotiation10 It can be safely concluded from the passage that_ ( )（A）at least two players should be
17、 in the room for communication（B） a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in negotiation（C） you should never communicate your ideas in clear terms（D）you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiation10 No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Ear
18、th than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so, they enla
19、rged the traditional bounds of a womens world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation.But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. “Men do not believe us capable. “ the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked
20、to a friend. “Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job. “ Indeed old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviationhe was astonished to discover both men and women flying in t
21、he Soviet Air Force.Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up-to-date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds.Ruth Law, whose 590-mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New
22、 York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffect
23、ed by gender; “My flight was done with no expectation of reward,“ she declared, “just purely for the love of accomplishment. “11 Which of the following is the best title for this passage? ( )（A）A Long Flight.（B） Women in Aviation History.（C） Dangers Faced by Pilots.（D）Women Spectators.12 According t
24、o the passage, women pilots were successful in all of the following except . ( )（A）challenging the conventional role of women（B） contributing to the science of aviation（C） winning universal recognition from men（D）building the confidence of women13 What can be inferred from the passage about the Unit
25、ed States Air Force in 1938? ( )（A）It had no women pilots.（B） It gave pilots handsome salaries.（C） It had old planes that were in need of repair.（D）It could not be trusted to do an efficient job.14 In their efforts to compete with men, early women pilots had difficulty in_. ( )（A）addressing clubs（B）
26、 flying nonstop（C） setting records（D）raising money15 According to the passage, who said that flying was done with no expectation of reward? ( )（A）Amelia Earhart.（B） Charles Lindbergh.（C） Anne Lindbergh.（D）Ruth Law.15 In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as theyve become wealt
27、hier and more worldly wise. Foreign travel is a national passion : this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere,Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDo
28、nalds and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day“ has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the
29、 morning and says, Lets be nicer, “ says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition. “Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry
30、, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer“. When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.
31、“ The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now,appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless E1A1 Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has returned its employees to emphasize service and is b
32、oasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan,“You can feel the change in the air. “ For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.16 It may be inferred from the passage that _. ( )（A）customer service in Israel is now improving（B） wealthy Israeli customers
33、are hard to please（C） the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel（D）Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones17 In the authors view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel . ( )（A）if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management（B） unless foreign companie
34、s are introduced in greater numbers（C） if theres no competition among companies（D）without strict routine training of employees18 If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, . ( )（A）they can have it fixed in no time（B） its no longer necessary to make an appointment（C） the
35、 appointment takes only half a day to make（D）they only have to wait half an hour at most19 The example of E1A1 Airlines shows that . ( )（A）revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises（B） an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty（C） a good slogan has grea
36、t potential for improving service（D）staff retraining is essential for better service20 Why did Bezaqs international branch lose 40% of its market share? ( )（A）Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.（B） Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.（C） Because the servic
37、e offered by its competitors was far better.（D）Because it no longer received any support from the gov-ernment.二、SPEED READING20 In 1781 twelve families trooped north from Mexico to California. On a stream along the deserts edge, they built a settlement called Los Angeles. For many years it was a mar
38、ket town, where nearby farmers and ranchers met to trade. Then in 1876 a railroad linked Los Angeles to San Francisco and, through San Francisco, to the rest of the country. The next year farmers sent their first trainload of oranges east. By 1885 a new railroad provided a direct route between Los A
39、ngeles and Chicago.Then in the 1890s oil was discovered in the city. As derricks went up, workers built many highways and pipe lines. Digging began on a harbor that would make Los Angeles not only an ocean port but also a fishing center. The harbor was completed in 1914. That year the Panama Canal o
40、pened. Suddenly Los Angeles was the busiest port on the Pacific Coast.Today the city is the main industrial center in the West. It produces goods not only for other West Coast communities but also for those in other parts of the country. It leads the nation in making airplanes and equipment for expl
41、oring outer space. Many motion pictures and television programs are filmed in Los Angeles. The city is also the business center for states in the West. Improvements in transportation are the main reason for Los Angeles growth.21 According to the passage, what was the main commercial activity of Los
42、Angeles during the years directly following its settlement? ( )（A）Fruit growing.（B） Oil drilling.（C） Fishing.（D）Trading.22 According to the passage, in which year were oranges first shipped from Los Angeles to the East Coast by train? ( )（A）1781.（B） 1876.（C） 1877.（D）1890.23 San Francisco is mentione
43、d in the passage for which of the following reasons? ( )（A）The settlers who founded Los Angeles came from San Francisco.（B） San Francisco linked Los Angeles with the rest of the country.（C） San Francisco was a market town where farmers came to trade.（D）Oil was discovered in San Francisco in the 1890
44、s.24 Where in the passage does the author state the principal cause of the expansion of Los Angeles? ( )（A）Line 7.（B） Line 9.（C） Line 13.（D）Lines 14-15.25 The passage mainly talks about _. ( )（A）The development province of Los Angeles（B） The relationship between Los Angeles and other countries（C） Th
45、e relationship between Los Angeles and Panama Canal（D）Derricks were used in Los Angeles in an early time25 In every society it is necessary to have a general system of laws to ensure justice. Laws are designed to make certain that peoples rights are protected and that people respect each others righ
46、ts. Sometimes, however, laws are passed which are specific to a time or situation. For example, a town in Indiana once passed a law making it illegal to shoot open a can of food. Apparently, some gun-carrying citizens forgot their can openers and naturally enough, used their guns to do the job. This
47、 disturbed other citizens, and endangered their lives, so a law was passed to prevent itSpecific laws sometimes remain in existence long after the problem has disappeared. The laws then seem strange. For example, the Indiana law was no longer necessary when citizens stopped carrying guns and using t
48、hem as can-openers. Since the law was no longer needed, what once made sense now seems like nonsense.Sometimes laws designed to serve a good purpose were passed but somehow these became mixed up in their wording. As a result, the laws dont make sense. In one state there is a law which says that it i
49、s“illegal to move or to attempt to move a motor vehicle. “ Obviously, a massive traffic jam would occur if everyone suddenly obeyed that law. But no one does, of course, because the intention of the law was not to prevent owners from moving their own cars. It was to prevent people from moving (stealing) other peoples cars. It is often harder to repeal a law than to pass one, so many of these old laws remain in existence. Because they no longer fit the way people live or because the probl
