1、全国自考（英语阅读一）模拟试卷 7 及答案与解析一、CAREFUL READING0 There are two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises. In the small enterprise you operate primarily through personal contacts. In the large enterprise you have established “policies“, “channels“ of organization, and fairly rigid proce
2、dures. In the small enterprise you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions right away,once you are a little above the ground floor. In the large enterprise even the man at the top is only part of a big machine. To be sur
3、e,his actions affect a much greater area than the actions and decisions of the man in the small organization, but his effectiveness is remote, indirect, and difficult to see at first sight. In a small and even in a middle-sized business you are normally exposed to all kinds of experiences, and expec
4、ted to do a great many things without too much help or guidance. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a jack-of-all-trades and master of none. In the large one it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less a
5、nd less.There is one other important thing to consider : do you get a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organizationGeneral Motors, the Bell Telephone System, the government? Or is it more important to you to be a well-known and important figure within your own small pon
6、d? There is a basic difference between the satisfaction that comes from being a member of a large, powerful, and generally known organization, and the one that comes from being a member of a family; between impersonal grandeur and personal often much too personal intimacy; between life in a small of
7、fice on the top floor of a skyscraper and life in a crossroads gas station.1 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in a large enterprise _. ( )（A）new technology is employed quickly（B） all people work efficiently（C） ones effectiveness is felt very slowly（D）one can get promotion easily2 Gen
8、erally speaking, the person working in a large enterprise _. ( )（A）has to deal with a great many things（B） knows how everything is going on around him（C） acquires increasingly thorough knowledge within a limited field（D）feels more secure than the one employed by a small enterprise3 In the second par
9、agraph, the writer mentions “your own small pond“ to refer to_. ( )（A）a top leader in a large enterprise（B） a manager of a small enterprise（C） a large enterprise（D）a small enterprise4 According to the information provided in the passage, if you are interested in personal intimacy, you should work_.
10、( )（A）for General Motors（B） for the Bell Telephone System（C） in a department in the government（D）in a crossroads gas station5 The writer of this passage _. ( )（A）compares the large and the small enterprises objectively（B） obviously prefers to work for a large enterprise（C） intends to show the advant
11、ages of working in a small business（D）explains the disadvantages of being a top leader in a large business5 For the most part, rapid economic development has been a boon. But there is a down side to developmenthealth problems such as overweight are all becoming more prevalent, as more people take ta
12、xis to work instead of riding their bicycles, and other labor saving devices become more popular.An increasingly fast pace of life makes it difficult for people to spend time working out or playing sports. “I know exercise is good for your health, “a young lady said “But after a busy work week,the o
13、nly thing I want to do is to watch some TV and go to sleep. “That attitude may explain the results of a recent nationwide study,which suggested 15 percent of urban adults in China are overweight,a large number of people over the age of 40 suffer from high blood pressure and cardiac ailments(心脏病).Loc
14、al researchers found that 31. 2 percent of elderly respondents were getting enough exercise,but less than 9 percent of youngsters and the middle aged got an adequate amount of physical activity Elderly people understand the importance of protecting their health. The young people, however, are busy w
15、orking and use this as an excuse to avoid exercise. In fact, physical exercise doesnt require much time,money or a special gymnasium. People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports. Walking quickly,cycling,climbing the stairs and dancing are all helpful met
16、hods to enhance ones health.The benefits of adding a little more activity to your life are priceless. “There is no need to be an athlete, however,“ a local doctor said people should walk for 30 minutes a day and take part in some other physical activity three to five times a week. He warns, however,
17、 that people in poor physical shape should start slowly,and build up over time.6 Rapid economic development has resulted in all the following except_ . ( )（A）an increasing number of taxi passengers（B） the wide use of labor saving devices（C） an increasingly fast pace of life（D）peoples awareness of th
18、e importance of exercise7 Some people are getting overweight because_ . ( )（A）they are too busy to have any time for exercise（B） they are ignorant of the benefits of exercise（C） they are too weak to participate in physical activity（D）they are short of money to pay for different exercises8 According
19、to the passage, who need regular daily exercise most? ( )（A）People taking taxis to work.（B） Urban adults with full-time jobs.（C） Elderly people suffering from high blood pressure.（D）Youngsters dreaming of becoming professional athletes.9 What is the main idea of the last paragraph? ( )（A）Many people
20、 are still unable to afford the cost of physical exercise.（B） Nobody should take part in physical activity in order to be an athlete.（C） Moderate physical exercise is usually enough for ordinary people.（D）Old or sick people should only take part in physical exercises of the slowest type.10 By referr
21、ing to rapid economic development as “a boon“ at the beginning of the passage,the author means that_ . ( )（A）it has benefited the gener public greatly（B） it has done harm to peoples health nationwide（C） it is going faster than anyone could have imagined（D）it has helped to establish a positive and he
22、althy lifestyle of the public10 The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts a
23、re being directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them.If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.
24、When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations, and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.The market may
25、 seem to be something abstract. But for each person or business who is making and selling something, its very real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it wont be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. Its telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing someth
26、ing the market doesnt want you to do.11 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ( )（A）Selling and Buying.（B） What Is the Market?（C） Everything You Do Is Producing for the Market.（D）What the Market Can Do for You?12 All of the following acts are producing for the market except
27、 _. ( )（A）working in a bank（B） printing a book（C） attending a night school（D）growing beans for sale13 You are buying from the market when you_. ( )（A）borrow a book from the library（B） look after your children（C） work in a gas station（D）dine at a restaurant14 The word “real“ in the last paragraph may
28、 most probably mean_ . ( )（A）serious（B） true（C） important（D）concrete15 In what way is the market very real for each person or business who is making and selling something? ( )（A）It tells you what to produce.（B） It tells you how to grow tomatoes.（C） It provides you with everything you need.（D）It help
29、s you save money.15 The Yanomami are a people living in villages between 40 and 250 people in the Venezuelan rain forest. Since the 1960s, Napoleon Chagnon has studied several Yanomami villages, written a widely-read book called The Fierce People about the Yanomami and helped to produce several film
30、s about them.Chagnons writings and films have promoted a long standing view of the Yanomami as exceptionally violent and war-loving. According to Chagnon, about one third of adult Yanomami males die violently, about two thirds of all adults had lost at least one close relative through violence, and
31、over 50 percent had lost two or more close relatives. He has reported that one village was raided 25 times during his first 15 months there.Chagnon provides a sociobological explanation for the fierceness of the Yanomami. He explains that village raids and warfare are carried to obtain wives. Althou
32、gh the Yanomami prefer to marry within their village, there is a shortage of potential brides because the Yanomami practice the killing of female infants, which creates a scarcity of women. While the Yanomami prefer to marry within their own group, taking a wife from another group is preferable to r
33、emaining a bachelor. Men in other groups, however, are unwilling to give up their women; hence the necessity for raids. Chagnon also argues that, as successful warriors will be able to gain a wife or more than one wife, they often have more children than unsuccessful ones. Successful warriors, Chagn
34、on suggests, carry a genetic advantage for fierceness, which they pass on to their sons, leading to a high growth rate of groups with violent males through genetic selection for fierceness. Male fierceness, in this view, is biologically determined.Marvin Harris, who has a cultural materialist perspe
35、ctive, says that food scarcity and population in the area are the underlying causes of warfare. The Yanomami lack plentiful sources of meat, which is highly valued. Harris suggests that when hunting in an area was exhausted, the Yanomami would venture into territories of neighboring groups, thus giv
36、ing rise to conflicts. Such conflicts in turn resulted in high rate of adult male deaths. Combined with the effects of female infant killing, this meat warfare complex kept population growth rate down to a level that the environment could support.In contrast, Patrick Tierney, a journalist, points th
37、e finger of blame to a large extent at Chagnon himself. Tierney presents evidence that it was the presence of Chagnon and his team of core-searchers and many boxes of trade goods that triggered a series of deadly raids, for the Yanomami competed with other groups for his trade goods. In addition, Ti
38、erney argues that Chagnon intentionally prompted the Yanomami to act fiercely for his films and to stage raids that actually led to bad feelings where they had not existed before.16 The first sentence in the second paragraph implies that _. ( )（A）the Yanomami are fierce by nature（B） the Yanomami are
39、 historically a fierce people（C） Chagnon influenced peoples view of the Yanomami（D）Chagnon was the discoverer of the Yanomami fierceness17 According to Chagnons explanation, the fierceness of the Yanomami originates from_. ( )（A）the lack of men（B） the shortage of women（C） the desire to marry out（D）t
40、he fear of marrying within18 Chagnons explanation of the Yanomami suggests that individual personality is_ ( )（A）inborn（B） learned（C） reshaped（D）acquired19 Marvin Harris explains the fierceness of the Yanomami in terms of_. ( )（A）biology（B） race（C） history（D）environment20 In contrast to other resear
41、chers, Patrick Tierney interprets issues concerning the Yanomami as the result of their_. ( )（A）native culture（B） primitive society（C） modern researchers（D）primitive enemies二、SPEED READING20 Reading skills are very important. Experts estimate that it is possible for any normal adult English speaker
42、to read 1,000 words a minute and more, with special training. Yet most students read only about 300 words per minute. The following principles might be helpful for foreign students who wish to increase their reading skills.Always read faster than is comfortable. The faster your normal rate of readin
43、g becomes, the better your understanding will be.Keep reading ahead. Do not allow yourself to regress while reading, even when you come across a new word. If some word, term or phrase has clouded your understanding, you should reread it only after you have read the entire paragraph through once.Read
44、 selectively. As you read make a conscious effort to screen the nouns, pronouns, and verbs from the other words, since these are the words that give meaning to what you have read. In effect, you should really read the nouns, pronouns and verbs and merely see the rest of the words in the sentence.Rea
45、d beyond the lines. As a good reader, you should see ideas implied through the words, and bridge the gap between the obvious and the suggested, thus obtaining much more information. Because the reading assignments in most college courses are very long, students should plan to read every day. If, how
46、ever, they find that they cannot complete all the assigned readings in the beginning, they should not panic. Instead, they should ask their classmates how much they are reading and attempt to learn from them what to read first and what to postpone until a later date.Because much of the past learning
47、 experience of foreign students may have been for the purpose of passing examinations, they might be inclined to put off studying until late in the term. Such behavior can result in failure in the US system, where assignments must be completed on time and done regularly each day.21 With special trai
48、ning, a normal adult English speaker may read words per minute. ( )（A）300（B） Less than 1,000（C） 1,000（D）1,000 and more22 According to the author, what is the type of vocabulary the reader should not spend much time on while reading? ( )（A）Nouns.（B） Pronouns.（C） Prepositions.（D）Verbs.23 What principl
49、e should foreign students follow when they come across a new word while reading? ( )（A）Always read faster than is comfortable.（B） Keep reading ahead.（C） Read selectively.（D）Read beyond the lines.24 According to the passage, who should the student turn to for advice if he cannot complete all the assigned readings in the beginning? ( )（A）His teacher.（B） His supervisor.（C） His tutor.（D）His classmates.25 In the United States, the foreign students must do their reading assignments . ( )（A）every
