1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 16 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 The First Settlement in North AmericaIt is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading p
2、osts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its cr
3、ew of eighteen, did no more than see an island(probably off the New England coast)and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a “legal“ title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interest in America
4、 was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a
5、 small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.The first permanent settlement in North A
6、merica was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men
7、and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.1 We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15 th century.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned2 Among the early settlers in South A
8、merica in the 16 th century were Spanish traders.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned3 With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned4 There were eighteen people on board
9、 the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned5 The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned6 The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter
10、 Raleigh.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned7 Sir Walter Raleigh sent some people to Virginia for a year in 1585.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned8 The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned9 The name New England was given to the northern
11、area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned10 The first settlers in Virginia were all slaves mixed with men and women.( )（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned二、阅读选择10 WalkingI live about a half-mile from two gas stations, two miles from W
12、almart, and less than two miles from the mall. These businesses are well within walking distance, but I dont walk to any of themI drive. This may seem surprising, but many Americans practice the same habit.According to the 2010 “National Bicycle and Walking Study“ by the U. S. Department of Transpor
13、tation, 72 percent of trips that are less than three miles in length are made by vehicle. Short distances can be easily traversed, by foot rather than by car, but only a quarter of Americans are choosing walking or biking as their means of transportation.A December 2012 study by Gregg L. Furie, publ
14、ished in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, says that about 25 percent of Americans participate in active transportation. Active transportation is defined as human-powered transportation, such as walking or biking. The results of the study showed that those who participated in active trans
15、portation had a lower BMI, lower waist circumference, and lower odds of developing hypertension and diabetes.The “Vital Signs: Walking Among Adults“ study by the Centers for Disease Control and, Prevention encourages adults to get at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity.
16、 However , about half of all adults do not get the recommended amount of exercise, and about one-third reported no physical activity at all. The study also showed that walkers were three times more likely to meet the recommended amount of exercise than non-walkers.In addition to the health benefits
17、associated with active transportation, there are many less obvious benefits as well. The American Automobile Associations(AAA)annual “Your Driving Costs“ study for 2012 revealed that the average annual cost for owning and operating a sedan is $ 8, 946. Compared with essentially cost-free foot trat-e
18、l or the $ 120 annual cost of owning a bicycle, choosing active transportation saves you money.Walking is an easily accessible activity that can be done anywhere , anytime, with anyone. By implementing walking as a primary form of commuting, people can increase their health and decrease their spendi
19、ng. Participating in human-powered transportation, also removes some of the stresses of driving from peoples lives. By walking, people can avoid traffic congestion, stop signs, and road rage. Realistically , walking to work could not only be more beneficial, but also more practical than driving.So,
20、put down the car keys, lace up your walking shoes and prepare yourself for a commute that few choose to experiencewalking.11 From the first paragraph, we can know that_.( )（A）the writer is too lazy to walk to work（B） American people prefer driving to walking in spite of the short distance（C） the wri
21、ter is very lucky to live not far away from gas stations and shopping malls（D）it is very convenient for the writer to go shopping12 From the 2010 “National Bicycle and Walking Study“, we can see that _.( )（A）72% of people prefer to drive cars（B） few people like to travel long distances by cars（C） 75
22、% of people choose driving cars as their means of transportation（D）most people prefer to travel short distances on foot13 Its reported that_adults dont do exercises at all.( )（A）half（B） one quarter（C） two-thirds（D）one-third14 Active transportation not only has health benefits, but also _.( )（A）save
23、money（B） lower waist circumference（C） reduces the risks of diabetes（D）save time15 Walking does great good to people, like_.( )（A）removing stresses（B） avoiding traffic jams（C） increasing health and decreasing costs（D）All of the above三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Materials and Tools for Language Learning1 The range
24、 of materials and tools avaiable to help you with your language studies is huge, from dictionaries to language courses. All of them can help you in different ways, and the appropriate use of these materials and courses will make your language learning much easier and more effective. 2 Possibly the m
25、ost useful tools there are for learning a language are dictionaries. Dictionaries come in a number of formats including bilingual, monolingual, illustrated, electronic and online. Bilingual dictionaries are perhaps the most useful ones for beginners and intermediate learners, while monolingual dicti
26、onaries, which are designed for native speakers, are also useful for advanced learners. Pocket dictionaries are good for quick reference and easy to carry around. Larger dictionaries are better if you want more definitions, examples of usage , and information about pronunciation, and grammar. Electr
27、onic dictionaries are available as handheld units, or as software. Handheld ones are portable, easy and quick to search, and often provide other functions, such as, text-to-speech, voice recognition and speech synthesis organizers, address books. They tend to be rather expensive though. Software dic
28、tionaries offer many of the same functions, and can be used on computers, and mobile phones.3 The traditional courses tend to consist of textbooks containing dialogues, exercises, notes on grammar, and maybe cultural information. Accompanying cassettes, CDs and/or mp3s are often available. Most such
29、 courses are intended for complete beginners or people with only minimal knowledge of the language. Intermediate and advanced-level courses are available for some of the more popular languages, such as French, German, Italian and Spanish. 4 Audio courses usually consist solely of cassettes or CDs, t
30、hough some may also include a limited amount of printed material. All dialogues , exercises, instructions and explanations are recorded and the focus of these courses is teaching you to understand and speak the language. They are very good at teaching you authentic pronunciation and a manageable amo
31、unt of vocabulary.5 Various computer-aided courses are available on CD-ROMs and DVDs. Each course is different but they generally include dialogues, audio, exercises and tests. Some also include phrasebooks, dictionaries , videos, games and provide online and/or telephone support.A. What is the func
32、tion of audio courses?B. What is the function of flash cards?C. What is the function of traditional courses?D. What are the most useful tools for language learning?E. What is the function of computer-aided courses?F. What can help you a lot with your language learning?16 Paragraph1_17 Paragraph2_18
33、Paragraph3_19 Paragraph4_20 Paragraph5_20 A. more definitions, examples of usage, and information about pronunciation, and grammarB. authentic pronunciation and a manageable amount of vocabularyC. phrasebooks, dictionaries, videos, games and provide online and/or telephone supportD. from dictionarie
34、s to language coursesE. in a much easier and more effective wayF. beginners or people with only a little knowledge of the language21 The materials and tools available to help you with your language studies range ._ .22 The appropriate use of these materials and courses will enable you to learn langu
35、age .23 Larger dictionaries will provide the learners with24 The traditional courses are designed for_.25 With audio courses, you can learn_.四、填句补文25 Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money WiselySchool-going children need pocket money for food, stationery and bus fares. Parents give pocket money to
36、 their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week.【T1】_The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved. On the other hand, the childrens spending habits may affect how pocket money is given.Pocket money given on a daily basis is
37、sometimes termed as “food money“.【T2】_They learn how to manage small sums of money. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending. Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted w
38、ith larger sums of money. 【T3 】_Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead of the child. The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food, as they know they will get another sum of money the next day.
39、 This results in children being short-sighted in their spending.【T4】_They may develop the mentality that money is meant to be spent. Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay
40、 off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve their problems. 【T5】_A. There is no better way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket money.B. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds.C. Children usually use the pocket money
41、to buy food during recess and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon.D. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis.E. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.F. In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated.26 【T1
42、】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 Dreams for BetterWe all have plans and dreams for a better, more【B1】_life. Yet only a small percentage of people actually achieve their【B2】_A good question is: why?Recently, I was working with a young man who was【B3】_to get on his feet. He had written out his go
43、als, and he had powerful rea-sons why he wanted to achieve these goals. But after weeks of trying, he was still not much further along.So we took some time to try to understand what was holding him【B4】_. As we examined his average day, it became apparent to me that he was much too【B5 】_. He was spen
44、ding lots of time doing lots of different things. I【B6】_that most of what he was doing was not very important in the greater scheme of things.We did some exercises to【B7】_which activities were important, which ones were urgent and which ones were filling(or killing)time. As it turned out, most of th
45、e things he was doing throughout the day were filling time. He wasnt comfortable【B8】_he was very busy, so he created things that needed to be done. He was always working on somethingyet at the end of the day, he had rarely accomplished any tasks to move him closer to the life he wanted.This behavior
46、 is fairly easy for an outside observer to spot but extremely difficult to self-diagnose. The【B9】_is to slow down and get comfortable with being still, with contemplating what we really want and whether our actions are suitable for our goals. Many of our activities are avoidance activities: we do th
47、ings to fill up the time and thus avoid having to do more difficult tasks. It wasnt easy, but once the young man finally accepted that he needed to do less overall but more of the important things, his life took a dramatic【B10】_for the better.A. identify D. busy G. prevent J. believeB. solution E. b
48、ack H. turn K. suspectedC. fulfilling F. unless I. dreams L. struggling31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 Itzhak PerlmanIn 1967 and 1968, Perlman went even【C1 】_(far)with performances in 50 American cities and trips abroad. The highlight of the
49、1967 tour was his Honolulu, Hawaii, performance of Stravinskys rare Violin Concerto. Perlman would go on to perform in many places in 1967 before【C2】_(move)on to hugely-attended【C3】_(show)at the Berkshire Music Festival in Tanglewopd, Massachusetts, the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood, California, the Merriweather Post Pavilion in Washington, D. C. and the Ravina
