1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 17 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 React to DifficultiesIn life, you will constantly be facing challenges, times when its tough to feel confident about what will happen in the future. Times like these will have different degrees of intensity and duration. The greater the degree and the longer the duration
2、, the greater the fear and sense of uncertainty will be.As many of you know, the economy seems to be in a downward spiral right now. Today alone, trillions of dollars are being wiped out in a matter of days. Peoples retirement funds are being cut in double digit percentages. Many are facing job loss
3、es in a time when they need income the most. In times like these, its a real challenge to have any optimism and confidence that things are going to be better in the near future.I read an article where a financial expert stated if he went all in with his money today, hell be better off six months fro
4、m today since markets will always rebound, but added he will have many restless nights and will be constantly wondering “what if this time its different?“Its sometimes difficult to stay positive and motivated to work on your goals especially when all around you there are people so pessimistic about,
5、 well, everything in general. People are cutting back on everything. Conversations around the dinner table and water cooler are increasingly about the state of the economy.Ok, enough negative talk. If you notice, you have some people reacting negatively while others are acting positively. Heres what
6、 makes the difference. You get what you focus on. You can either think about how bad you have it and feel like a victim, or you can use these challenges as a reason to step up and grow from them.Yes, things look like economy will get worse. The reality, however, really depends on how you look at it
7、and react to this situation. Like any challenge in life, its not what actually happens that will determine the outcome, its what you decide to do about it.1 In life people are always troubled with challenges.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given2 The fear and sense of uncertainty will be independent of the de
8、gree and the duration of difficult times.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given3 Because of the current economic situations, trillions of dollars are being wiped out in a few days.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given4 Peoples retirement funds are being cut in 20%.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given5 During the economic recessi
9、on, its hard for people to have confidence in the future.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given6 People are reducing their expenses to save money.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given7 Peoples views about the future vary from person to person.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given8 Difficulties are bound to make people become vict
10、ims.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given9 The writer mainly talks about the national economy.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given10 The key to dealing with challenges lies in your attitudes towards what has happened.( )（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 IncomeIncome may be national income and personal income. Whereas n
11、ational income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of productionnamely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may te defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal G
12、NP(Gross National Product)because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes
13、 include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and Other forms of compensation to employees.Whereas national i
14、ncome shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to the government,
15、 and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance c
16、ontributions, but this money goes to government(which is not a factor of production), not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income.On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not mon
17、ey earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy.The money people receive as personal income may be e
18、ither spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they h
19、ave met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending.11 This passage is mainly about_.( )（A）the difference between
20、national income and GNP（B） the difference between national income and personal income（C） the concept of income（D）the difference between disposable income and nondisposable income12 Which of the following statements is true according to the first paragraph?( )（A）GNP equals national income plus indire
21、ct business taxes.（B） GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.（C） Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.（D）The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.13 It can be
22、 easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on_.( )（A）corporation profits（B） every individual even though his income is very low（C） those who work in joint ventures（D）those who work in government departments14 According to this passage, the money you get as interest from government
23、 bonds is_.( )（A）the money earned（B） the money not earned but received（C） the money received for the contribution you have made to the economy（D）the money earned for the service you have furnished to the economy15 The passage implies that_.( )（A）people willingly pay taxes because they want to do som
24、ething useful to the country（B） people willingly pay taxes because they do not want to be looked down upon by others（C） people pay taxes unwillingly because they feel they will be arrested if they do not（D）people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 1 Itzhak Perlman is considered one of the
25、 most gifted violinists in the world, a person with extraordinary talent who has persevered in spite of life-altering limitations. Born in Tel Aviv, Palestine in 1945, Perlman was stricken with the life-threatening polio virus at the age of four. Though he eventually learned to walk with crutches, t
26、he virus sadly and permanently damaged his legs, and to this day, he performs seated as a soloist, which is unusual. Nevertheless, Perlman was already beginning to play the violin, which in past interviews he has stated he was strongly encouraged to play in order to improve mobility in his fingers a
27、fter his bout with polio.2 This encouragement clearly worked on what was probably a natural talent in any case. After first studying at the Academy of Music in Tel Aviv, he came to the United States, and by age 13, hed had his first nationally televised performance on the Ed Sullivan Show. He contin
28、ued studying at the New Yorkbased Julliard School of Music, and in 1964, Itzhak Perlman won the highly competitive Levintritt Competition. This award made him internationally noticed and he began what has been a nonstop career of performance in orchestras throughout the world.3 The career of Itzhak
29、Perlman can be said to have had both highlights and higher lights. He seems continually to build on past successes , and continues to win new fans, multiple awards, and critical acclaim. Some of his most notable career moves include joining the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra in 1987. The orchestra to
30、ured, for the first time, several Eastern bloc countries, culminating with a performance in the Soviet Union in 1990. Perlman later went back to the Soviet Union in the same year to participate in a concert, which honored the birth of Tchaikovsky, and performed with other famous musicians, such as Y
31、o-Yo Ma and Jessye Norman.4 Recordings of the work of Itzhak Perlman abound and have gained him several Emmys and numerous Grammys. Perlman has also been honored with several prestigious awards from the United States. In 1986, Ronald Reagan gifted Perlman with the Medal of Freedom, and in 2000 Perlm
32、an earned the National Medal of Arts. Perlman has also been known for his collaborative efforts with some of todays most noted film composers, such as John Williams. More recently, Itzhak Perlman and Yo-Yo Ma had featured solo performances on the soundtrack of Memoirs of a Geisha. 5 As one of the wo
33、rlds best violinists, its fitting that Itzhak Perlman performs on two of the worlds best violins. However it would be wrong to label this musician as only a violinist. Hes also a charming speaker who has delighted guests with his fine sense of humor in guest appearances on television and in his host
34、ing of the popular PBS program The Three Tenors. Hes dedicated in his support of public television, and frequently appears at the major PBS networks to stir people into making donations. In recent years, Perlman has begun to focus on conducting, and was appointed the Westchester Philharmonic princip
35、le conductor in 2007. He also continues his goal of delighting and educating people with music.A. Itzhak Perlman is not only a violinist.B. Itzhak Perlman is one of the most gifted violinists with extraordinary talent.C. Itzhak Perlman donated a lot of money to some poor people.D. Itzhak Perlman mad
36、e success one after another.E. Recordings of the work of Itzhak Perlman have gained him many awards.F. He was encouraged to further develop his talent.16 Paragraph1_17 Paragraph2_18 Paragraph3_19 Paragraph4_20 Paragraph5 _20 A. has had both highlights and higher lightsB. two of the worlds best violi
37、nsC. his collaborative efforts with some of todays most noted film composersD. a violinistE. the polio virusF. the most famous composer21 Itzhak Perlman was stricken with_.22 Its said that the career of Itzhak Perlman_.23 In addition to famous recordings, Perlman has also been known for_.24 Itzhak P
38、erlman performs on_.25 We shouldnt only consider Itzhak Perlman as_.四、填句补文25 Self-Esteem and Body Image Healthy Self-Esteem【T1】_This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing good friendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challenging yo
39、urself physically and mentally. 【T2】 _A positive, optimistic attitude can help people develop strong self-esteem. For example, saying, “Hey, Im human“ instead of “Wow, Im such a loser“ when youve made a mistake, or not blaming others when things dont go as expected.Knowing what makes you happy and h
40、ow to meet your goals can help you feel capable, strong, and in control of your life. 【T3】_Tips for Improving Your Body ImageSome people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. 【T4】_The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what sh
41、ape, size, or color it comes in. If youre very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verify that things are OK. But its no ones business but your own what your body is like. Ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself.【T5】_Everyone(even the most perfect-seeming celeb)has th
42、ings about themselves that they cant change and need to accept, like their height, for example, or their shoe size.A. A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle(such as exercising and eating right)are a great combination for building good self-esteem.B. Developing these parts of yourself can help b
43、oost your self-esteem.C. Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem!D. Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you cant.E. If you have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are.F. But
44、actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 Brazils PopulationBrazil has become one of the developing countries with great successes at【B1】_population growthbut more by accident than【B2】_While countries
45、such as India have made joint efforts to re-duce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazils population growth rate has【B3】_from 2. 99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2
46、. 7 children on【B4】_Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the【B5】_of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas and installment plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although【B
47、6】_, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the worlds biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazils most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy【B7 】 _living the high l
48、ife in big cities.“Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of【B8】_, they describe middle and upper class valuesnot many children, different attitudes towards sex, woman working, “ says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people【B9】_o
49、f other patterns of behavior and other values , which were put into a very attractive package. “Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous【 B10】_in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible(不相容的)with unlimited reproduction. “ says Martine.A. average D. characters G. conscious J. envyB
