1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 20 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 The Race into SpaceAmerican millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. “I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives, “ Tito explained. He loved his time in space. “Being in s
2、pace and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have. “This kind of experience isn t cheap. It cost $ 20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream, so he was happy. “For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when I didn t have any money, “ he tol
3、d reporters. On 30 April 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the world s second space tourist. Shuttle-worth is a South African businessman. At the age of twenty-eight, he also paid $ 20 million for the eightday trip. Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures.
4、 The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. The spaceship to take them doesn t exist yet. Many of the customers are people who like adventure. They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma. Other customers are people who love space.
5、However, these people are worried. Because its so expensive, only very rich people can go into space. They want space travel to be available to more people. That day may soon be here. Inter Orbital Systems(IOS)plans to send up four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in
6、Tonga. The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California, seven days in space, and avacation in Tonga, for $2 million. However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASA s deputy assistant administrator for space flight. He sa
7、ys that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500. Because of this it may take time before space tourism really takes off. You might be able to go up, but will you come down?1 Dennis Tito was the first tourist in space.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given2 The cost of space travel is not too high.（A）True（B）假（C） N
8、ot Given3 Mark Shuttleworth is an engineer from the United States.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given4 Both Tito and Shuttleworth have climbed Mount Qomolangma.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given5 Space Adventures has about 100 customers waiting for their travel into space.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given6 Space Adventures alrea
9、dy has a spaceship.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given7 All the customers of Space Adventures are people who like adventure.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given8 IOS will send its tourists into space from Tonga.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given9 Space Adventures company promises a package of travel for $20 million.（A）True（B）假（C） N
10、ot Given10 Bill Readdy thinks space flight is very dangerous.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the
11、way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has cha
12、nged markedly throughout history and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically locali
13、zed. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成分)captured in the product it was relatively inefficient. Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe
14、r and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat(栖息地)loss and to diminishing biodiversity. Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities an
15、d industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions. All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional p
16、ractices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact“ . The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we
17、 need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反两方面)of all the various ways land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, fo
18、r example, that the carbon cost of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity. What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable
19、 agriculture is not just about sustainable food production. 11 How do people often measure progress in agriculture?（A）By its productivity.（B） By its sustainability.（C） By its impact on the environment.（D）By its contribution to economic growth. 12 Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have
20、 resulted in_.（A）localised pollution.（B） the shrinking of farmland（C） competition from overseas（D）the decrease of biodiversity13 What does the author think of traditional farming practices?（A）They have remained the same over the centuries.（B） They have not kept pace with population growth.（C） They a
21、re not necessarily sustainable.（D）They are environmentally friendly. 14 What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?（A）It will go through radical changes.（B） It will supply more animal products.（C） It will abandon traditional farming practices.（D）It will cause zero damage to the environment. 1
22、5 What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?（A）To remind people of the need of sustainable development.（B） To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.（C） To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.（D）To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is. 三、概括段落
23、大意和补全句子15 US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty1 The United states has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on To
24、bacco Control(FCTC)this Week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions. 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly, including the United States, last year. Countries t
25、hat ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 3 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, an
26、d more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs . It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organ
27、ization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide very year. In the US alone, about 440, 000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses ; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco w
28、ill kill 10 million people each vear. 5 The treaty must be ratified. by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far, 109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it. A. What the FCTC demands. B. USA signing of the FCTC. C. Opposition to the FCTC. D. How the FCTC came into being. E.
29、 What the FCTC will bring about. F. Ratification of the FCTC. 16 Paragraph1_17 Paragraph2_18 Paragraph3_19 Paragraph 4_20 Paragraph5_20 A. have ratified itB. approving itC. implement its provisionsD. restrict smoking in public placesE. caused by tobacco useF. World Health Organization21 Signing the
30、FCTC is only the first step toward_. 22 The FCTC was developed by_. 23 Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things_. 24 It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths_. 25 Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that_. 四、填句补文25 Flying into HistoryWhen yo
31、u turn on the television or read a magazine, celebrities(名人)are everywhere. Although fame and the media play such major roles in our lives today, it has not always been thatway. 【T1】_Many historians agree that Charles Lindbergh was one of the first major or celebrities , or superstars. Lindbergh was
32、 born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1902, but he grew up in Little Falls Minneota. As a child, he was very interested in how things worked, So when he reached college he pursued a degree in engineering. At the age of 20, however, the allure(诱惑)of flying captured Lindbergh s imagination. 【T2 】_Soon after,
33、 Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing aerial stunts(特技). In 1924, Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated first in his pilot class. 【T3】_During the same time, a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was off
34、ering a generous award to the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris, France. The Prize was worth $25, 000 a large amount even by today s standards. Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long. 【T
35、4】_On May 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived at an airstop(简易机场 )outside Paris the next day. Named in honor of the sponsor, the spirit of St. Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books. He became a national hero and
36、 a huge celebrity. When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a tickertape(热烈的)parade held to celebrate his accomplishment. 【T5】 _A very popular dance was even named for Charles Lindberghthe Lindy Hop. Today, The Spirit of St. Louis is kept at the Smithsonian Institute s National Air a
37、nd Space Museum in Washington, D. C. A. He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration. B. Iindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St. Louis, Missouri. C. His childhood was not full of fond memories. D. Working with an
38、 aviation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St. Louis, Lindbergh got a customized(定制的)airplane that could make the journey. E. Eighty years ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans. F. He quit school and moved to Ne
39、braska where he learned to be a pilot. 26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 Some Unusual CelebrationsWorried about what people are saying about you? Concerns about gossip could influence behavior , including generosity, researchers said. “As it turns out, the act of gossip can indeed be quite
40、 powerful, “ said Jared Piazza of Queen s University in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Piazza and Jesse M. Beringa studied the【B1】_of 72 college students who were asked to distribute tokens(代金券)with a monetary value between themselves and someone else. Half of the group were【B2 】_told their decision wou
41、ld be discussed with a third party. “Participants who were told that the receiver would be communicating their economic decision with the third party were【B3】_more generous in their allocations of the tokens than participants who were not【B4】_to believe that their decisions would be discussed, “ Pia
42、zza and Beringa said in the study published in the journal Human Behavior. They added that the most【B5】_strategy from an economic standpoint would have been for a student to【B6】_all 10 tokens to him or herself, but the threat of gossip seemed to have【B7】_their decision. Although gender did not play
43、a major role in the study, men were slightly more【B8 】_than women. “Allocations of males were, on average, slightly greater than allocations of females, although there were almost twice as many female participants, “ the researchers【B9】_. A previous study showed that gossip is more powerful than tru
44、th, suggesting people believe what they hear through the grapevine even if they have evidence to the【B10】_. A. addedB. beneficialC. swayedD. fabricatedE. reactionsF. significantlyG. allocate H. contrary I. alsoJ. generousK. ledL. economical31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【
45、B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 Three passions, simple but【C1】_(overwhelm)strong, have governed my life: the longing for love , the search for knowledge, and【C1】_(bear)pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a dee
46、p ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy ecstasy so great that I would often have【C2】_(sacrifice)all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves【 C3】_(lonely) that terrible loneliness
47、 in which one shivering【C4】_(conscious)looks over the rim of the world , into the cold unfathomable(无法到达底部的 )lifeless abyss(深渊). I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a【C5】_(mystry) miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and【C6】_(poet)have imagi
48、ned. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the【C7】_(heart)of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to【C8 】_(apprehence)the Pythagor
49、ean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much I have achievedLove and knowledge , so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims【C9】_(torture)by oppressors, helpless old pe
