1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 24 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us, to do work and have fun and to move from place to place. In fact, the human body does its work so well that most people don t think about it very muchuntil they get sick. The germs(致
2、病菌)that make people sick are everywhere. You cant see them, but they re there. Theyre sitting on your desk. Theyre hiding on your computers keyboard. Theyre even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria(细菌). Viruses are germs that can only live inside an
3、imals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles(麻疹). Bacteria are tiny creatures. Some bacteria are good. They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria arent so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats(喉痛)and ear infections. How can you stop these t
4、iny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing, with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose. Once germs are inside your body, your immune(
5、免疫的)system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body. Some of these cells actually eat germs!Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ. There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from
6、 making you sick. Others help your body find and kill germs. After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body. They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice. You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious(有营养的)diet to make yo
7、ur immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated(接种). Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs cant make you sick. Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies. If the same germ ever shows up again
8、, then your antibodies attack it.1 You can see germs on your computers keyboard.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given2 Viruses can only live inside people or animals.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given3 All bacteria cause illnesses.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given4 Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Gi
9、ven5 Germs can enter the body through the eyes.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given6 There is a different antibody for each kind of germ.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given7 The heart contains the body s strongest muscle.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given8 After they kill germs, antibodies stay in the body.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given9
10、 Do exercises can make ones immune systems strong.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given10 Vaccines can make you sick.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporatio
11、n governance, a new problem threatens to earn them especially in America the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite : Data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as ba
12、nking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss s agenda in businesses of every variety. Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Co
13、rp and even the University of California Berkeley have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities. “Data is becoming an asset which needs no be guarded as much as any other asset. “ says Mendelson of Stanford University
14、s business school , “The ability guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders. “ Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP). perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices,
15、 suggested Eli Noam of New York s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one. “ he says. The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest ex
16、ccutive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. The current state of affairs may have been encouraged though no
17、t justified by the lack of legal penalty(in America, but not Europe)for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law. American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray, I hat may change fast lots of proposed data-security legislation now doing the rounds in W
18、ashington. D. C. Meanwhile. the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th. overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms
19、 fail to provide adequate data security.11 The statement : “It never rains but it pours“ is used to introduce_.（A）the fierce business competition.（B） the feeble boss-board relations（C） the threat from news reports（D）the severity of data leakage12 According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check th
20、eir systems to find out_.（A）whether there is any weak point（B） what sort of data has been stolen（C） who is responsible for the leakage（D）how the potential spies can be located13 In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that_.（A）shareholders interests should be properly atten
21、ded to（B） information protection should be given due attention（C） businesses should enhance their level of accounting security（D）the market value of customer data should be emphasized14 According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to_.（A）sec the link between trust and d
22、ata protection（B） perceive the sensitivity of personal data（C） realize the high cost of data restoration（D）appreciate the economic value of trust15 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that_.（A）data leakage is more severe in Europe（B） FTC s decision is essential to data security（C） California takes t
23、he lead in security legislation（D）legal penalty is a major Solomon to data leakage三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and
24、industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and
25、the smoking of cigarettes and cigars. 2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and the smoking habits. Among heavy smokers21 to 30 cigarettes per daythe mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times as the rate from nonsmokers. It is ex
26、pected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. 3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure
27、to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be mainrained. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least t
28、o those over 40 years of age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor(肿瘤)while it is small enough to be completely removed. 4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma(支气管癌症), so-called because the malignancy(恶性肿瘤)originates in a bronchus. The t
29、umor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growth
30、s in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely . This operation is called pneumonectomy(肺切除术). 5 Malignant tumors of
31、 the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths. A. Common secondary lung cancersB. The advantages brought about by routine chest checkupC. Relationship between mortality rate from lung cancer and smoking habitsD. Operable and inoperab
32、le lung cancersE. The increasing death rate from lung cancer and possible causesF. An ordinary type of lung cancer16 Paragraph1_. 17 Paragraph2_. 18 Paragraph 3_. 19 Paragraph4_. 20 Paragraph5_. 20 A. before the cancer cells spread elsewhereB. the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will hav
33、eC. what is most responsible for lung cancerD. as some people imagineE. the more chances of getting lung cancer he will haveF. Bronchogenic carcinoma21 People are still not sure_. 22 The more cigarettes one smokes, _. 23 Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous_. 24 A common form of lung
34、cancer is_. 25 A primary lung cancer patient may be cured by removing the lung completely_. 四、填句补文25 SemcoAt 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father s business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. Semler Junior worked like a madman, from 7 : 30 a. m. until midnight every day. One after
35、noon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctor who treated him said, “Theres nothing wrong with you. But if you continue like this, youll find a new home in our hospital. “ Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the way his employees worked too
36、. He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong. He allowed them to set their own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptinonists and secretaries【T1】_“Everyone at Semco, even top managers meets guests in
37、reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone. “He completely reorganized the office : instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can t shut themselves away from everyone else. 【T2】_As for uniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts. Semle
38、r says, “we have a sales manager named Ru bin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn t even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails and millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea, Rubin springs into action. 【T3】_Th
39、at s when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesn t look busy the rest of the time. Semco has flexible woking hours ; the employees decide when they need to arrive at work. The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. 【T4 】_It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the nu
40、mbers : in the last six years, Semcos revenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million. The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3, 000. Why?Semler says its because of “peer pressure“. Peer pressure makes everyone work hard for everyone else【T5】_In other words, Ricardo Semler treats
41、his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults. And they do. A. Also, Semco lets its workers use the companys machines for their own projects, and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year. B. Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work. C. This
42、 saved money and brought more equality to the company. D. And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want. E. He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them. F. If someone isn t doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue
43、 . 26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural【B1 】_for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the sa
44、tisfaction of their need. Readers turn【B2】_to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to【B3 】_from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their rea
45、ding they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a【B4】_of human experiences and come to【B5】_other ways of thought and living. And while【B6】_their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often fin
46、d that the【B7】_in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide【B8】_material for readers imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their ima
47、gination, books【B9】_their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure【B10】_. The social and educational significance of the readers books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A. abundantB. charactersC. CompletelyD. desireE. DiversityF. escapeG. establishing H. n
48、aturallyI. personnel J. properly K. respect L. widen31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm s attention is the design of cities buildings and products. When we【C1】_(design)Americas first so-ca
49、lled “green“ office building in New York two decades ago , we felt very alone. But today, 【C2】_(thousand)of people come to green building conferences, and the idea that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be【C3】_(increase)influential in years to come. Back in 1984 we discovered that most【C4】_ (manufacture)products
