1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 27 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 Retirement Brings Most a Big Health BoostThe self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger, a new European study suggests. This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minorityonly 2 percentwho had experienced
2、 “ideal“ conditions in their working life, anyway. “The results really say three things : that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and, finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when wo
3、rking conditions are poor, “ said Hugo West-erlund, lead author of a study published online Nov. 9 in The Lancet(柳叶刀). “This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern for their health and well-being. “But of course,
4、 added Westerlund, who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden, “not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching
5、 up. “Last week, the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before. “Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health, “ Westerlund said. This study looked at what the same 15, 000 Fr
6、ench workers, most of them man, had to say about their own health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement. As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement. Those who repo
7、rted being in poorer health declined from 19. 2 percent in the year prior to retirement to 14. 3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means post-retirement levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously. The changes were seen
8、in both men and women, across different occupations, and lasted through the first seven years of not punching the clock. Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improvements as soon as they retired, the team found.1 Most of the newly retired feel yo
9、unger and healthier than before.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given2 Work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given3 All of the older workers suffer from poor perceived health.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given4 Older workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers.（A）True（B）假
10、（C） Not Given5 Sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given6 Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given7 Europe is aging faster than most other parts of the globe.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given8 The study analyze
11、d the participants perception of their own health in a certain period.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given9 The participants came from various countries in Europe.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given10 The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 While still catching-up
12、to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men, according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Adminis
13、tration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ova
14、ries(the female reproductive organs)removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress. It s not necessarily that women dont cope as well. It s just that they have so much more to cop
15、e with, says Dr. Yehuda. Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens, she observes. Its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner. Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. I think that the kinds of
16、 things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortu
17、nately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating. Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. I struggled a lot to get the college de
18、gree. I was living in so much frustration that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paychec
19、k to paycheck. Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez described. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens yo
20、ur health and your ability to function. 11 Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?（A）Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.（B） Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.（C） Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.（D）Men and women s
21、how different inclinations when faced with stress. 12 Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women_.（A）need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.（B） have limited capacity for tolerating stress.（C） are more capable of avoiding stress.（D）are exposed to more stress. 13 According to Paragraph 4, the st
22、ress women confront tends to be_.（A）domestic and temporary（B） irregular and violent（C） durable and frequent（D）trivial and random14 The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck. “(Line 5, Para. 5)shows that.（A）Alvarez cared about nothing but making money（B） Alvarezs salary barely covered her house
23、hold expenses（C） Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs（D）Alvarez paid practically everything by check15 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）Strain of Stress: No Way Out?（B） Responses to Stress: Gender Difference.（C） Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say.（D）Gender Inequal
24、ity: Women Under Stress. 三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Intelligent Machines1 Medical scientists are already putting computer chips(芯片)directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson s disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to helpens? Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful b
25、ook The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world s best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities. 2 Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual(虚拟的)hostess of Kurzweils homepage, who is programmed to understand what you s
26、ay. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings. 3 Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a “Seeing machine“. This will be “like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world“,
27、 he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor(探测器)which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees. 4 Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the “listening machine“. This invention will recognize millions of words
28、 and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in asing it. 5 But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future, Kurz weil sees a time
29、 when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won t be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our minas will be able to live forever. A. A new pair of eyes. B. Computers that can communicate. C. Everlasting consciousness on a
30、 computer. D. Time to break off a friendship. E. An author and researcher. F. A new pair of ears.16 Paragraph 1_17 Paragraph2_18 Paragraph3_19 Paragraph 4_20 Paragraph5_20 A. what you sayB. dances and singsC. The listening machineD. a visual sensorE. who have disabilitiesF. living forever in a compu
31、ter21 In addition to communicate with people, Ramona also_. 22 Ray Kurzweil works with computers to help people_. 23 Ramona is able to understand_. 24 Blind people will be able to see the world with_. 25 People without hearing problems may also be interested in using_. 四、填句补文25 The First Four Minute
32、sWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends?During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, Contact : The first four minutes , he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships :【T1 】_. A lot of peoples whole
33、 lives would change if they did just that. You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met. 【T2】_If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much. When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should
34、 try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves. “On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own need
35、s, fears, and hopes. Hearing such advice, one might say, “But Im not a friendly, self-confident person. That s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way. “【T3】_We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may
36、 be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. “But isn t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don t actually feelthat way?Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, “total honest“ is not always good for social relationships, especially during the fir
37、st few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything , and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about ones health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole tr
38、uth about ones opinions and impressions. 【T4】_For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be d
39、iscussed, they should be dealt with later. The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. 【T5 】_That is at least as important as how much we know. A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little pract
40、ice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. D. Every time you meet someone in a
41、 social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. E. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. F. He is eager to make friends with everyone. 26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 If it were
42、only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few anti take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school【B1 】_. however, has no such choice, for the job must be【B2】 _on at the same time. Because we dep
43、end so【B3】_upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce【B4】_in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of US must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary. To【B5 】_the work of experts. The p
44、ublic school must educate both producers and users of scientific services. In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such balance is【B6】_by too much emphasis on any one field. This question of balance involve
45、s not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative【B7 】_among the natural sciences themselves. Similarly, we must have a balance between current and【B8】_knowledge. The attention of the public is【B9】_drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and
46、 the discovery of new knowledge ; these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, 【B10 】_materials that form the basis of courses for beginners. A. awardedB. heavilyC. classicalD. establishedE. systemF. defeatedG. continually H. emphasesI. establishment J. specialists K. carri
47、ed L. judge31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 “The Truth About Plastic“If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident resolved(resolve)to cut plastics out of h
48、er life. The marketing coordinator was【C1】_(concern)about what the chemicals【C2】_(leach)out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic refuse was doing to the environment. So she【C3】_(hop)on her bike and rode to the nearest groce
49、ry store to see what she could find that didn t include plastic. “I went in and【C4】_(bare)bought anything, “ Haegele says. She did purchase some canned food and a carton of milk-only to【C5】_(discover)later that both containers were lined with plastic resin. “Plastic, “ she says, “just seemed like it was in everything. “Shes right. Back when Dustin Hoffman rece
