1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 36 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 Why Is the Native Language Learnt So WellHow does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds i
2、n a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavio
3、ur of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favourable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine(纯正的 ) form, with the right pronunciation, right i
4、ntonation, and right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh, ever bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation (同化).Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language
5、 student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage; he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, as is often found in la
6、nguage lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching(炎热的 ) heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally, though a childs
7、“teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.1 Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given2 Adults
8、 knowledge and mental powers hinder (妨碍) their complete mastery of a foreign language.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given3 The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given4 Plenty of practice in listening during the first
9、years of life partly ensures childrens success of learning their mother tongue.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given5 A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given6 Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in maste
10、ring his native language.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given7 The study hours for adult language learners are very short, compared with the children.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given8 The language practiced on language lessons in schools is often unnatural.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given9 A childs “teachers“ ar
11、e usually trained in language teaching.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given10 Different children learn their native languages at sharply different speed.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 Skyscrapers and EnvironmentIn the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental p
12、roblems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a pity often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the add
13、ition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowattsenough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of
14、half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall(砌筑墙) filled with insulation board (隔热板). To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver
15、 or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers i
16、n New York City would alone generate 2. 25 million gallons of raw sewage each yearas much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109,000.11 The main purpose of the passage is to_.（A）discuss the advantages and disadvantages of skyscrapers（B） compare skyscrape
17、rs with other modern structures（C） describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environment（D）illustrate various architectural designs of skyscrapers12 According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls?（A）The exterior surrounding air is heated.（B） The buildin
18、g materials are very expensive.（C） Construction time is increased.（D）Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.13 According to the passage, which aspect of skyscrapers were some residents of North America concerned with in the late 1960s?（A）The poor reception of radio and TV signals.（B） The removal
19、 of trees and grass from building sites.（C） The harmful effects on the citys plans.（D）The obstruction of air traffic.14 Which of the following groups would the skyscraper issue most concern?（A）Electricians.（B） Environmentalists.（C） City planners,（D）Television viewers,15 Which of the following is tru
20、e according to the passage?（A）Skyscrapers provide more usable space than other buildings.（B） The skyscrapers first appeared in the late 1960s.（C） Where there are skyscrapers, television reception is poor.（D）The two World Trade Center towers are skyscrapers.三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Soot(烟灰) and Snow: a Hot Co
21、mbination1 New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions (释放) of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation (模拟) , black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.2 Soot in the higher latitudes(纬度) of t
22、he Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if sn
23、ow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt, they tend to get even dirtier,“ said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Spa
24、ce Studies, New York.4 Hansen found soot s effect on snow albedo (反照率) (solar energy reflected back to space) ,which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost(永冻层). Soot also is believed to play a r
25、ole in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,“ Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warmin
26、g the worlds climate. “ This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide (二氧化物) forcing of the same magnitude(量，大小) ,“ Hansen noted.6 Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that gr
27、eenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century.7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latit
28、udes. These observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.A. Soots Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and LandB. Observations of Warming in the Northern
29、 HemisphereC. Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootD. Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate ChangeE. Black Soot Contributing to Global WarmingF. Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming16 Paragraph 117 Paragraph 318 Paragraph 419 Paragraph 620 Paragraph 72
30、0 A. produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitudeB. contributed to 25 percent of observed global warmingC. winter and springD. the warming effects increaseE. still surpass soot in warming the worlds climate during the last centuryF. can be seen mostly in the
31、Northern Hemisphere21 In the twentieth century, soot_.22 If snow and ice covered areas begin melting,_.23 A soot forcing is unusually effective, which_.24 Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases_.25 Warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in_at middle and high latitudes.四、填句补文25 How do Movies or
32、 Television Influences Peoples Behavior?The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape.【T1】_They gro
33、w long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages.The major means that m
34、ass media influences the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society.【T2 】_Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling, fascinating and immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the Dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies
35、 such as Tears of the Sun and All Quite On the Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to this country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values?【T3
36、】_The “important“ issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper or in the beginning of a television program. The “not important“ stories are the ones that are not being told at all.【T4】_In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By
37、prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole indeed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media.In brief, mass media, by offeri
38、ng topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss “the important issues“, has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society.【T5】_A. We have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source.B. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues
39、to talk and think about.C. Not long ago mass media was about the only kind of culture there was.D. The “not very important“ stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages.E. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation.F. Mass media also s
40、hapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important to know.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 Immigration and ProblemsHundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006.Many held signs and American flags
41、and asked to be【B1】_ as citizens rather than criminals. Senator John McCain held the opinion that the country should open a【B2】_ to citizenship to immigrants (移民) who were already in the country illegally, while other politicians【B3】_ for stricter measuresincluding rounding up undocumented immigrant
42、s and sending them back to their home countries.Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors【B4 】_ They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics.【B5】_ , all th
43、is growth means that cities need to adapt. New comers dont always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring (辅导) programs to help new 【B6】_ find proper jobs.With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands
44、, the Spanish Government has decided to get【B7】_ There will be no more mass amnesties (特赦) for the illegal immigrants, and anyone coming to Spain without【B8 】_ will be sent back.Frances new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes【
45、B9】_ in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted “skills and talents“ visas (签证). But some people show the concern that itll cause brain drain in【B10】_ co
46、untries.A. immigrants B. However C. developingD. path E. open F. toughG. effect H. Therefore I. developedJ. permission K. treated L. called31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 Three Ways to Become More CreativeEveryone has【C1】_(imagine) ,but most
47、of us forget how to access it. Creativity isnt always【C2】_(connect) with great ideas. People at work【 C3】_(routine) think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a【C4】_(trick) question to answer! Here are three techniques for you. This technique involves taking【C5】_(relate) ideas and find
48、ing links between them. First, think about the problem. Then find an image, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas【C6】_(associate) with candles. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the problem. So imagine you want to buy a friend an【 C7】_(origin) present; you could buy him tickets to a
49、 match or take him out for the night. Imagine that normal limitations dont exist. Think about the new【C8】_(possible) . If your goal is to learn to ski, you can now practice【C9】_(ski) every day of your life. Now adapt this to reality. Look at the situation from a different point of view. Good【C10】_(negotiate) use this in business, and so do writers. If your goal involves othe
