1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 46 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 The Workers Role in ManagementTraditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm s operations with little thought to consulting (咨询) the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled (被迫) to
2、obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes“ in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of
3、 laborthey play a vital role in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions greatly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should wo
4、rkers play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management. At the very least the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. A common complaint among rank-and-file workers(普通工人) is the lack of information about company policies and actions. Between 1980 and 1985
5、 about five million workers were the victims (受害者) of plant closings and permanent layoffs (解雇) , often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant because the workers might
6、 be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions (让步) that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial (管理的) decision making. There ought to be representatives(代表) of the wo
7、rkers on the firm s board of directors or other major policy-making groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale(一气) will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive(激励) th
8、ey must be given a share in the companys profits. This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans, bonuses (奖金) , or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchased(购买) the plant and ru
9、n it themselves.1 Traditional workers showed no interest in management.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given2 “Suggestion box“ is one of the many ways for workers to engage in management.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given3 Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of t
10、hem.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given4 Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given5 Companies should tell their major policy decisions to the workers.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given6 The workers participation(参与) in management might save a plant fro
11、m closing down.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given7 Board of directors is the major policymaking group in many companies.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given8 One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.（A）Tru
12、e（B） False（C） Not Given9 An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares in the companys profits.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given10 Workers should be allowed to buy the plant if it cannot make a profit anymore.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 Evolution of SleepSleep
13、is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic (脑电图仪的) sense we share it with all the primates(灵长动物的) and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles (爬行动物).There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of
14、the animal, and that predators(食肉动物 ) are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized (使固定不动) and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallow
15、er, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less f
16、requently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones.But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in g
17、eneral seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be t
18、he case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least part
19、ly true.11 The author states that during dream sleep, the animal sleeps_.（A）without moving（B） shallowly（C） intermittently（D）on its side12 It can be inferred from the passage that animals that are prey rarely experience dream sleep because they_.（A）have evolved further than predators（B） are particula
20、rly intelligent animals（C） need less sleep than predators（D）would be caught if deeply asleep13 The author suggests that, because there are no hiding places in the oceans, whales and dolphins_.（A）sleep only when they are very young（B） cannot afford to sleep very much（C） usually dream while awake（D）ta
21、ke turns to sleep14 The passage is mainly concerned with the_.（A）types and function of sleep（B） psychological role of dreams（C） history of reptilian sleep patterns（D）influence of evolution on young animals15 Compared with dreamless sleep, deep dream sleep is_.（A）not the result of natural selection（B
22、） less likely to appear to monkeys（C） more protective to the animals（D）at a higher stage of evolution三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 RadarChildren enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes(回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.Echo sounding
23、devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large obje
24、cts. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington.
25、DC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word “radar,“ in fact, gets its name from the term “radio
26、 detection (检测) and ranging“. “Ranging“ is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is
27、 driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determin
28、ing speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.A. Study of SoundB. Highway PoliceC. Present Radar Is Developed and UsedD. Early Use of Echo Sounding DevicesE. EchoesF. Discovery by Chance16 Paragraph 17 Paragraph 18 Paragraph 19 Paragraph 20 Paragra
29、ph 20 A. detect nearby objectsB. determine the depth of the ocean waterC. decide how fast you driveD. in need of radarE. map the ocean floorF. observe water flow21 Echo-sounding devices were early used to22 Ultrasonic devices were used to_23 Scientific age is_.24 Police use radar on highways to _.25
30、 Radar helps pilots to_.四、填句补文25 The Olympic GamesThe Olympic Games are an international sports competition, which are held every four years in a different city.【T1】_ Over 1 billion people watch the games on TV.The first Olympic Games were held in Greece in 776 B. C. They were called the ancient gam
31、es and lasted until the 4th century A. D.【 T2】_ It was when the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin revived the games to bring peace and friendship to the young people all over the world.Today, there are summer and winter games. Up to 1994 both games were held in the same year, but now they are staged two
32、 years apart from each other.The Summer Games are held during the summer season of the host country. They last for 16 days. Today, there are more than 270 events during the games. Over 15,000 athletes from 190 nations take part.The first separate Winter Games were held in Chamonix, France in 1924. T
33、hey usually take place in February. Today, the Winter Olympics include over 60 events. Athletes from more than 60 countries participate.The International Olympic Committee or IOC is the organization that governs the games.【T3】_ The IOC also selects the host city for the summer and winter games, at l
34、east seven years before they take place. Cities that want the games must show that:*They have enough stadiums for all events.*【T4】_*They can provide safety for the athletes.*They can transport athletes and spectators from one event to another.*Host cities must build an Olympic village where all athl
35、etes live during the games.The Olympic Games today have become very successful over the past years.【T5 】 _ And television stations are spending more money for the rights to broadcast the games. The IOC earns more money than ever before. With this money they help athletes in poorer countries.A. It de
36、cides which sports and events are held at the games.B. The modern games began in 1896.C. Thousands of athletes from all over the world compete against each other.D. Winter sports abound in Canada, where the winter Olympics will be held in 2014.E. More and more people are able to watch them on TV.F.
37、They have enough room for all the athletes.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 Saving MoneyWhere you save your money often depends on what you are saving for. If you are saving to buy a dictionary or to go to a concert, then you probably keep your money【B1】_ in your room.If you are【B2】_ for
38、a big purchase like a mountain bike or a school trip, where would you save your money?One place to save money is the bank. Putting your money in a savings account will help your money【B3】_ more money. If you put your money in a piggy bank (猪形储蓄罐) ,one year later youll still have the【B4】_ amount of m
39、oney you put in. If you put your money in a savings account, one year later, youll have more money than you put in. Why?When you keep your money in a【B5】_, your money earns interest.【B6】_ is the amount of money a bank pays you to use your money. The bank uses your money (and the money of other peopl
40、e, too) to loan money to people and businesses.Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD. If you have some money that you dont need to use for a【B7】_ time, this is a good way to make your money【B8 】_Since the bank is using your money for that time period, it will【B9】_ y
41、ou interest. You will earn more interest with a CD than in a savings account. Can you guess why? Its because you promise to leave your money in the bank for a certain period of time. Banks pay【B10】_ rates of interest.A.longB.sameC.bankD.earnE.payF.growG.insideH.differentI.interestJ.somewhereK.saving
42、L.raise31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 Online DatingOnline dating is a dating system which allows people to make contact and communicate with each other over the Internet, usually with the object of developing a【C1】_ (romance) relationship. O
43、nline dating services usually provide matchmaking over the Internet through the use of personal computers or cell phones.Online dating sites generally requires【C2】_ (apply) to provide personal information before they can search the database for other individuals using criteria they set, such as age,
44、 gender, race, religion and【C3 】_ (locate). Most sites allow members to upload photos of themselves and browse those of others. Sites may offer【C4】_ (addition) services, such as online chatting, telephone chatting, and message boards.Some sites provide free【C5 】_ (register), but may offer services w
45、hich require a【C6】_ (month) pay. For example, they may offer full access to profiles, but provide additional services to pay, such as【C7】_ (place) users profiles at the top of the list, making their profiles appear several times in different places in the search result and giving them a more【C8】_ (a
46、dvance) search engine to work with. In one real example, free users may only search for persons of【C9】_ (specify) age, gender and city, while subscribers may also search for such information as height, weight and interests. Other dating sites depend on advertising for their income. In recent years s
47、uch sites have become【 C10】_ (increase) popular.41 【C1 】42 【C2 】43 【C3 】44 【C4 】45 【C5 】46 【C6 】47 【C7 】48 【C8 】49 【C9 】50 【C10 】七、短文写作51 假设你是李梅，想申请加入英语俱乐部。请给俱乐部负责人 Kelvin 写一封 150词左右的英文信，内容应涉及自己的基本情况，并咨询相关事宜，如入会方式、条件、会费、活动等。自考英语（二）模拟试卷 46 答案与解析一、阅读判断1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 原文只提到经理们很少考虑工人的意见，未提到工人本身是否对公司的管理
48、有兴趣。2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据原文第一段第四句话，公司最多(at most)也就是提供一些建议箱(suggestion boxes)供员工提出改进意见，除此之外工人是很少参与公司管理的。3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文中未提到该信息。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 文中第二段第四句话中的“90 days notice”意思是提前 90 天通知，以便让工人有时间调整适应(have time to adjust)，而不是说通知贴出来要保存 90天。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据原文第二段第二句话可知答案。6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据原文第二段倒数第一句话，工
49、人可能会提出提高生产率或降低成本的办法，也可能会做出让步，以帮助工厂继续运营(help keep the plant operating)而免于倒闭。7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据原文第三段第二句话可推测出在大多数公司 board of directors(董事会)是制定重大决策的地方，需要有工人代表加入。8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文中未提到该信息。9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干中 anything but 意思是“绝不” ，与原文第三段第四句话意思相反。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据原文最后一句话，如果工厂不能赢利(operate at a profit) ，工人应该有机会将工厂买下并自主经营。二、阅读选择11 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 求解本题的依据在第二段。“In dream sleep ，the ani
