1、自考英语（二）综合模拟试卷 11 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 Bill Gates: Unleashing the Power of CreativityI ve always been an optimists and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, I ve loved learning new things and solvi
2、ng problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a chunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life. When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we ha
3、d a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, I m still as inspired by computers
4、as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventivenessto help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn t solve on their own. Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into al
5、l of the world s knowledge. They re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-da
6、ncing to work“. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work“ is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime s worth of photos, and they say, “ I didn t know you could
7、 do that with a PC ! “But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions
8、of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possibl
9、e. As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn t take much to make an immense difference in these children s lives. I m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world s
10、 toughest problems is possibleand it s happening every day. We re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I
11、 believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my life.1 A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given2 Personal computers hav
12、e changed the world as Bill Gates and his friend Paul Allen had believed 30 years ago.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given3 Bill Gates dreamed of the popularity of computers 30 years ago.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given4 Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work“.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given5 Bill Gates does
13、nt believe that computers can recognize people s handwriting.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given6 To Bill Gates mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poor s children and the death of the rich s children.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given7 So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to th
14、e charities.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given8 Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given9 Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given10 Every day we can see hundr
15、eds of new drugs invented for deadly diseases.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 The Salinity of Ocean WaterIf the salinity of ocean water is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that caus
16、e a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporationconversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would b
17、e left behind.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be inc
18、reased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. S
19、imilarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than that in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When sea water is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this m
20、anner, sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of
21、this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.11 What does the passage mainly discuss?（A）The elements of salt.（B） The bodies of water of the world.（C） The many forms of ocean life.（D）The salini
22、ty of ocean water.12 According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in_.（A）coastal areas（B） tropical areas（C） rainy areas（D）turbulent areas13 All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT_.（A）evaporation（B） precipitation（C） runoff（D）melting14 The word “altered“ in the
23、 last paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（A）determined（B） changed（C） accumulated（D）needed15 Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?（A）The salt remains in the water.（B） The surrounding water sinks.（C） Water salinity decreases.（D）The water becomes denser.三、概括段落大意和补全句子15
24、Ceasing to Wear Ties(1)It s useless. It s dirty. It spreads disease. That s why the British Medical Association in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties.(2)That leads to another question. Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose. They do not cover any part of your
25、 body and keep you warm. They always seem to get covered in food stains. Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie. It lets everyone know what you just ate.(3)Ties have an odd history. Soldiers from Croatia, in Eastern Europe, served as mercenaries(雇佣军)in various conflicts in the 17th century. They wer
26、e identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck. Known as cravats(围巾), these became a popular fashion item in France and eventually evolved into the tie.(4)It s an interesting story, but it doesn t tell us why men want to put useless pieces of cloth or silk around their necks. T
27、he answer seems to be about identification(身份证明). In the 19th-century Britain, ties were used by universities, military regiments(团), sports clubs, schools and gentleman s clubs. Each tie was in a particular set of colors which identified the wearer as a member of that organization. Wearing ties was
28、 also the mark of Britain s most powerful classes. That made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect. And that led it to be adopted by a much larger classthe business class.(5)You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery. So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain
29、 to make a living, rather than his hands. It showed you were serious. It showed you were a professional. It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one. It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck. This is how millions
30、of people came to wear ties across the world. A. Origin of the TieB. A Serious and Professional AttitudeC. Problem-causing TiesD. Old-fashioned TiesE. No Practical FunctionF. Telling Identification16 Paragraph(1):17 Paragraph(2):18 Paragraph(3):19 Paragraph(4):20 Paragraph(5):20 A. serious and profe
31、ssionalB. they were members of different organizationsC. hospital doctors stop wearing tiesD. who does not always wear a tieE. who served as mercenaries in many conflicts in the 17 th centuryF. reveal what you ate21 The British Medical Association suggested that_.22 Ties covered in food stains would
32、_.23 Ties were first worn by the Croatian soldiers_.24 People wore different ties in Britain in the 19th century to show that_.25 Wearing a tie somehow indicates you are_.自考英语（二）综合模拟试卷 11 答案与解析一、阅读判断1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章第二段中的相关句提到，30 年以前的计算机的大小如冰箱，且根据文章第三段可推断出，30 年前 Bill Gates 应该在上 7 年级，综合这两部分信息可知，在 B
33、ill Gates 上 7 年级的时候，计算机像冰箱那么大。7 年级正好是在美国学生上中学的时候，因此题干的内容与文章中相关的内容一致。2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 利用题干句中的关键词 Paul Allen 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，发现文中第二段有相关描述，其中由最后一句“But we believed that personal computers would change the world. Andthey have”可以推断出，题干句提供了正确的信息。3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 利用题干句中的关键词 popularity of computers 作为线索，在文中进行搜索
34、，发现相关句“we had a vision ofa computer on every desk and in every home”，由此可以推断出，Bill Gates 在 30 年以前期待计算机的普及，因此题干句的信息正确。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 tapdancing to work 意为“跳着踢踏舞去上班”，最早由 Warren Buffett 提出，指对工作保持健康的心态。利用题干句中这个关键词作为线索，在文中进行搜索，发现第五段有两处相关句，第一处是关于 Warren Buffett 而不是Bill Gates 的，因此排除；第二句是关于 Bill Gates 的，但意
35、思并不是说努力在电脑前工作就像跳着踢踏舞去工作，而是说当 Bill Gates 给人们展示计算机方面的新成就时，他感到像是跳着踢踏舞去工作一样地开心。因此题干句的信息不正确。5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 利用题干句中的关键词 handwriting 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，发现相关句“butwhat makes metap-dancing to workis when we show people something new，like a computer thatcan recognize your handwritingand they say，I didnt know you co
36、uld do that with a PC!”由此可知，Bill Gates 相信计算机能识别人们的笔迹，因此题干句的信息有误。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 在文章倒数第二段中 Bill Gates 明确地说，非洲儿童的夭折与其他任何地方的儿童的夭折一样，都是一个悲剧，都令人感到悲痛，由此可见穷人孩子的死亡与富人孩子的死亡之间并没有大的差异，题干句的信息与原文不符。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征结构 several dozen billion dollars 和细节信息词 charities 共同作为线索，在文章中查找相关句。结果发现这两个线索结构在文章中均没有直接或
37、间接地出现，由此可见题干句的内容在文章中没有被提及。8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 利用题干句中的关键词 Bill Gates and his wife 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，发现相关句“My wife ，Melinda，and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that canhelp as many people as possible”由此可知，Bill Gates 和他的妻子致力于帮助最多的穷人，以改善他们的健康和教育情况，这与题干句的内容一致。9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 利用题干句中的细
38、节信息结构 a small portion of his wealth 和 his children 共同作为线索，在文章中查找相关句，结果发现这两个线索结构在文章中均没有直接或间接地出现，由此可见，题干句的内容在文章中没有被提及。10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 利用题干句中的关键词 new drugs 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，发现相关句“Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases，new diagnostic tools，and new attention paid to the health problems inthe developing
39、world”由此可知，原文信息并未提及新药的数量。二、阅读选择11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 主旨大意题。结合文章的标题，通读全文会发现，整篇文章都在说海水含盐量的变化。因此选择 D。12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。第四段提到：通常来说，热带地区由于阳光照射强，所以海水含盐量要比其他地区高。因此选择 B。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据第三段“decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitationor runoff”及最后一段“when this ice melts，it will tend t
40、o decrease the salinity of the surrounding water”可以排除 B、C 、D 选项，因此选 A。14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 词义理解题。altered 所在句提到“A third process by which salinity may be altered”结合上文，作者一直在说海水的盐度如何发生变化。因此可以推断出 altered 在这里的意思是“发生变化的”，即 changed。故选 B。15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。最后一段提到，海水结冰后海水盐度增加。因此 C 不正确，故选 C。三、概括段落大意和补全句子16 【
41、正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本段主要讲述了领带毫无用处，还容易脏，可能会传播疾病。可见，领带会带来很多问题。关键词应为 problemcausing。17 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本段从几个方面讽刺了领带的不实用性：不能当衣服穿，不能保暖，反而还容易弄上饭渍，实在是毫无实用性。18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本段讲述了领带的历史渊源，让人们知道最初领带是用来做什么的。19 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本段解释了领带的象征作用：系领带是身份的一种证明和象征。20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本段主要解释了如今人们带领带，更多的是表明一种严肃、认真的专业态度。21 【正确答案】 C【
42、试题解析】 细节寻找题目，回归原句的出处。本句应定位在第一段：“Thats why the British MedicalAssociation in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties”22 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本句应定位到第二段：“They always seem to get covered in food stainsIt lets everyoneknow what you just ate”领带上总会沾上饭渍，让所有人都知道你刚刚吃了什么。 23 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本
43、句应定位到第三段：“Ties have an odd historySoldiers from Croatia，in Eastern Europe，served as mercenaries in various conflicts in the 17th century”24 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本句应定位到第四段：“In the 19thcentury Britain，ties were used by universities，military regiments，sports clubs，schools and gentlemans clubs. Each tie was i
44、n a particular set of colorswhich identified the wearer as a member of that organization”由此可以看出，不同组织的人系不同的领带来标示自己的身份。25 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本句应定位到第五段：“So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who usedhis brain to make a living，rather than his handsIt showed you were seriousIt showed you were aprofessional”系领带说明你是脑力劳动者，体现脑力劳动者的一种认真和专业态度。
