1、自考英语（二）综合模拟试卷 9 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 The Northern LightsThe sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around
2、 a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma(等离子体 ), and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don t worry because a protective magnetic field sur
3、rounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth s magnetic field, the m
4、agnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons(电子)trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth
5、, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen(氮)glow red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights
6、 and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras(极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like wave
7、s. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be tho
8、usands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!1 The Sun s gravity is too weak to
9、keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given2 The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the attack by the solar wind.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given3 Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earth s protective magnetic field
10、in the future.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given4 A compass is an instrument that you use for finding directions, which always points to the north.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given5 The auroras are formed when the electrons fall into the Earth s atmosphere at the poles and collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere.（A）真（B
11、）假（C） Not Given6 You cannot see the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given7 Northern Lights are quite different from the Southern Lights since you can t see them in winter days.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given8 Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Swe
12、den every year to watch the Northern Lights.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given9 An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given10 The Northern Lights are very worth seeing during your lifetime.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 Modern American UniversitiesBefore the 1850 s,
13、 the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germa
14、ny a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800 s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for adva
15、nced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable(受人尊敬的)collegesHarvard, Yale, Columbiaand transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not
16、because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote(死记硬背)were replaced by the German meth
17、od of lecturing, in which the professor s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the PhD, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to ques
18、tion, analyze, and conduct their own research.At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which
19、 students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its ta
20、sks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.11 The word “this“(sentence 8 , Para. 2)refers to which of the following?（A）Creating and passing on knowledge.（
21、B） Drilling and learning by rote.（C） Disciplining students.（D）Developing moral principles.12 According to the passage, the seminar system encouraged students to_.（A）discuss moral issues（B） study the classics, rhetoric, and music（C） study overseas（D）work more independently13 It can be inferred from t
22、he passage that before 1850, all of the following were characteristic of higher education EXCEPT_.（A）the elective system（B） drilling（C） strict discipline（D）rote learning14 Those who favored the new university would be likely to agree with which of the following statements?（A）Learning is best achieve
23、d through discipline and drill.（B） Shaping the moral character of students should be the primary goal.（C） Higher education should prepare students to contribute to society.（D）Teachers should select their students courses.15 Why did many students decide to study aboard?（A）Because thousands of young A
24、mericans wanted to go to Germany to study.（B） Because young Americans were not satisfied with their school system in the USA.（C） Because American professors were not as good as those abroad.（D）Because European universities were not connected with churches.三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Things to Know About the UK(
25、1)From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons(标志)of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It s now better known for vibrant(充满活力的)cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shoppingthe UK is among the world s best.(2)Most
26、 people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you re one of these people, you d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It s cer
27、tainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.(3)Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget(廉价的)airlines like Easy jet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to anot
28、her. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive(though quicker)than buses. London s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance(个体的)drivers. But usually you need to give
29、 a call first. London s underground is called the Tube. It s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.(4)The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep frie
30、d in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.(
31、5)Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends.
32、 Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart club wear, while pubbing is much more casual.A. TransportB. A Wonderful CountryC. DrinksD. reopleE. FoodF. Nightlife16 Paragraph(1):17 Paragraph(2):18 Paragraph(3):19 P
33、aragraph(4); 20 Paragraph(5):20 A. humorous and hospitableB. cheap and efficientC. traditional and famousD. both ancient and modernE. faster but more expensive than busesF. pubbing and clubbing21 The UK is a country that is_.22 The British people are_.23 Coaches in the UK are_.24 Fish and chips are_
34、.25 The main forms of English nightlife are_.自考英语（二）综合模拟试卷 9 答案与解析一、阅读判断1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 Suns gravity 及 plasma 共同作为线索，在文章第一段中找到相关信息。第二句意为太阳表面高温、多风，气候变化异常活跃，这使得太阳的引力无法控制住其大气层。第三句意为能量以带电粒子流的形式高速远离太阳表面。第四句说这种被称为等离子体的粒子流就是来自太阳的太阳风暴。可见造成太阳不能阻止其大气层中的等离子体流向地球的主要原因并不是太阳引力弱的问题，而是由于太阳过于活跃、太热所致。2 【正
35、确答案】 A【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 magnetic field 作为线索，在文章第二段中找到相关信息“butdont worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet”意为地球四周带有磁场，使地球受到保护，不受太阳风的威胁。可以判断和题干句意思吻合，强调地球是十分安全的，这个磁场能防止地球受到太阳风的攻击。3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 disappearance 和 magnetic field 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，发现这样的信息并没有在文章中出现，因此判断该句的内容在文章
36、中没有被提到。4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 compass 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，只发现相关句“Thesame magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to thenorth and south poles”但该信息并不是解释什么是指南针，因此判断题干句的内容在文章中没有被提到。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 auroras，electrons 和 gas molecules 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，
37、发现相关句“As the electrons fall into the Earth，they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere，creating flashes of light in the sky”而这里所指的 light in the sky 就是 auroras(极光)，因此题干句的信息是正确的。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 Alaska or Canada 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，在第四段找到相关信息“but normally you can only see them in places far
38、north like Alaska and Canada”。这和题干句意思吻合，但是由于 normally(通常)这个词具有句意的修正作用，因此提醒我们继续往下看，在最后一句发现补充信息“During solar maximum，auroras are seen as far south as Florida，even Mexico!”因此，题干句的信息过于绝对。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 Northern Lights 和 Southern Lights 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，并没有发现文中有关于二者区别的描述，因此判断该句的内容在文章中没有被提到。8 【正确
39、答案】 C【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 Norway and Sweden 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，发现这样的信息并没有在文章中出现，因此判断该句的内容在文章中没有被提到。9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 aurora，close，long and thick 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，在倒数第二段找到相关信息：极光事实上并不接近地面，极光也不厚，因此题干句提供的信息错误。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 利用题干句中的特征词 worth seeing 作为线索，在文中进行搜索，发现相关句“Wehope you are able tosee the Northe
40、rn Lights at least once during your lifetime”与题干句意思吻合。二、阅读选择11 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据上下文可以看出，第二段第八句中的 this 指代前面的“creatingand passing on knowledge” 。12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。第二段最后一句讲到，随着研讨制度的确立，学生开始学会提出问题、分析并开展自己的研究，即学生开始独立。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。第三段第二句说，哈佛大学校长开创了选修制度，学生能选择自己喜爱的课程。由此可推断，A 选修制度不是 185
41、0 年以前学校的一个特征，而 B，C，D 都是其特征。14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。文中 A，B，D 均为传统高校教育模式的特征，而最后一段讲到，1850 年以后的大学的新目标是要使它与世界真正的要求相符合，大学须关注社会的实际需要。由此可推断，C 为正确答案。15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。答案在第二段第四句：19 世纪中下叶，九千多名美国人因不满美国的教育方法，来德国学习。故 B 为正确答案。三、概括段落大意和补全句子16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本段介绍了能够代表英国的标志，来说明英国是个迷人的国度。17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本段主要谈了
42、人们对英国的看法以及他们幽默好客的性格。因此，主题应该是 People。18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本段重点讨论英国的交通。本段介绍了英国主要的交通工具及特点。因此，主题应该是 Transport。19 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 第四段主要介绍英国各种各样的食品，重点介绍了英国丰富的早餐。因此，主题应该是食物。20 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 文章第五段谈到英国的酒吧和俱乐部的生活，即它的夜生活。21 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文章一开头提到了英国拥有古老的白金汉宫和牛津大学，又有不失现代的活力和时尚的夜生活。22 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章第二段中间提到英国人民友好而幽默。23 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 文章第三段提到“coaches are more expensive(though quicker)than buses”在英国长途汽车比公共汽车更快捷，但是更贵。24 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第四段中间提到了传统的食品 fish and chips(鱼和薯片) 。25 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 文章第五段谈到英国夜生活形式是酒吧和俱乐部的生活。
