2019届高考数学二轮复习高考大题专项练六导数(B)理.doc

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1、1六 导数(B)1.(2018广西二模)已知函数 f(x)=ln (x+a)-x(aR),直线 l:y=- x+ln 3- 是曲线 y=f(x)的23一条切线.(1)求 a的值;(2)设函数 g(x)=xex-2x-f(x-a)-a+2,证明:函数 g(x)无零点.2.已知函数 f(x)= x3-2ax2-3x.(1)当 a=0时,求曲线 y=f(x)在点(3,f(3)处的切线方程;(2)对一切 x(0,+),af(x)+4a 2xln x-3a-1 恒成立,求实数 a的取值范围.3.(2018宝鸡一模)已知函数 f(x)=a(x2-x+1)(ex-a)(aR 且 a0).(1)若 a=1,求

2、函数 f(x)在点(0,f(0)处的切线的方程;(2)若对任意 x1,+),都有 f(x)x 3-x2+x,求 a的取值范围.4.(2018济宁一模)已知函数 f(x)=ex- x2-ax有两个极值点 x1,x2(e为自然对数的底数).(1)求实数 a的取值范围;(2)求证:f(x 1)+f(x2)2.21.(1)解:函数 f(x)=ln (x+a)-x(aR)的导数为f(x)= -1,设切点为(m,n),直线 l:y=- x+ln 3- 是曲线 y=f(x)的一条切线,23 23可得 -1=- ,ln (m+a)-m=- m+ln 3- ,1+ 23 23 23解得 m=2,a=1,因此 a

3、的值为 1.(2)证明:函数 g(x)=xex-2x-f(x-a)-a+2=xex-2x-f(x-1)-1+2=xex-x-ln x,x0,g(x)=(x+1)e x-1-=(x+1)(ex- ),可设 ex- =0的根为 m,即有 em= ,即有 m=-ln m,当 xm时,g(x)递增,00恒成立,则函数 g(x)无零点.2.解:(1)由题意知 a=0时,f(x)= x3-3x,23所以 f(x)=2x 2-3.又 f(3)=9,f(3)=15,所以曲线 y=f(x)在点(3,f(3)处的切线方程为15x-y-36=0.(2)由题意 2ax2+1ln x,即 a 对一切 x(0,+)恒成立

4、.3设 g(x)= ,则 g(x)= .3223当 00;32当 x 时,g(x)0时,由 g(x)=ae x-1=0得 x=ln .x (-,ln ) ln (ln ,+)g(x) 小于 0 0 大于 0g(x) 单调递减 极小值 单调递增a.当 ln 1,即 a 时,g(x)=a(e x-a)-x在1,+)上单调递增,得 g(x)min=g(1),1由 a(ex-a)-x0 在1,+)上恒成立,得 g(1)0,即 a ,满足 a ;14b.当 ln 1,即 00.所以 g(x)min=g(0)=1-a.当 a1 时,f(x)=g(x)0,函数 f(x)无极值点;当 a1时,g(0)=1-a

5、1时,g(x)=f(x)=e x-x-a有两个零点 x1,x2.不妨设 x10,则 h(x)=- -ex+2f(-x2),所以要证 f(x1)+f(x2)2,只需证 f(-x2)+f(x2)2,即证 + - -20.2 22设函数 k(x)=ex+e-x-x2-2,x(0,+),则 k(x)=e x-e-x-2x.设 (x)=k(x)=e x-e-x-2x,(x)=e x+e-x-20,所以 (x)在(0,+)上单调递增,所以 (x) (0)=0,即 k(x)0,所以 k(x)在(0,+)上单调递增,k(x)k(0)=0,所以 x(0,+),e x+e-x-x2-20,即 + - -20,2 22所以 f(-x2)+f(x2)2,所以 f(x1)+f(x2)2.

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