1、 CL f MIL-STD-3399 -072A PT 1 19 E 9999911 0104394 5 E MIL-STD- 1399A(NAVY) Section 072.1 24 October 1991 SUPERSEDING Section 072.1 14 October 1977 MIL-STD-l399(NAVY) MILITARY STANDARD INTERFACE STANDARD FOR SHIPBOARD SYSTEMS SECTION 072.1 BLAST ENVIRONMENT, MISSILE EXHAUST AMSC NIA FSC 1990 DISTRIB
2、UTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IC 9 MIL-STD-1399 -072A PT 1 L9 9999331 0104195 7 E FOREWORD o 1. This Military Standard is approved for use by all departments
3、 and agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, Sea 5523 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC 20362-5101, b
4、y using the self- addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document, or by letter. 3. Navy ships are subject to the blast created by the launch of their own missiles. The blast environment is variable both in its nature and in its effects wh
5、ich may damage ship structure, degrade the performance of shipboard systems and equipment, or cause injury to personnel. To reduce the potentially adverse effects of the blast environment, ship structure is required to meet established design standards, while ship systems, equipment and personnel mu
6、st be protected through proper arrangement, shielding and protective practices. i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-. c. . MIL-STD-L399 -072A PT Z 19 I 99999LZ OL0419b 9 Paragraph 1 . 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 MIL-STD-l399A(NAVY) Section 072.1 CO
7、NTENTS Page SCOPE Purpose 1 Scope 1 Interfaces . 1 Applicability . 1 2 . APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . 1 2.1 Government publications 1 2.2 Order of precedence . 1 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 DEFINITIONS . 2 Missile Blast . 2 Direct blast areas 2 Reflected blast areas . 2 Blast shields . 2 4 . 4.1 GENERALREQUIREMENTS
8、 2 General requirements . 2 5 . 5 . 1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7.1 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 2 General considerations 2 Interface characteristics . 3 Temperature . 3 Pressure 3 Erosive debris 3 Smoke . 3 Toxicgases 4 Parameters 4 Areas of appl
9、ication 4 Interface constraints 4 System/equipment location and installation 5 Shielding . 5 Weather openings . 5 Structural design 5 Toxicgas es 5 Conditions 5 Compatibility 5 Deviations 5 ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-L
10、399 -072A PT L L9 9977933 OLO4L97 O MIGSTD-l399A(NAVY) Section 072.1 CONTENTS - Continued Paragraph , Page 5.7.2 Deviation procedure , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NOTES 6 Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Data requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Subject term (keyword) listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Changes from previous issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 FIGURES Missile blast interface diagram . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Standard missile Mk 104 DTRM stagnation pressure contours . . . . . . . . 8 Standard missile Mk 104 DTRM stagnation temperature contours . . . . . . . . . . .
13、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Typical direct and reflected blast areas around vertical launch system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Missile blast temperatures on forward deck of DDG 51 around vertical launch system . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Missile blast pressures on forward deck of DDG 51 around vertical launch system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- . MIGSTD-l399A(NAVY) Sect
15、ion 072.1 0 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose, Policies and procedures established by MIL-Sm-1399 are mandatory. (This section defines the standard interface requirements for the design of systems, equipment, and structure which may be subjected to the blast generated by missile launches.) This section and the b
16、asic standard are to-be viewed as an integral single document. 1.2 Scope. This section addresses the interface characteristics of missile blast effects generated by the-launch of anti-air, anti-surface, anti-submarine, and point defense missiles from surface ship arm launchers, vertical launchers an
17、d box launchers. This section does not apply to submarine launched missiles. 13 Interfaces. The basic characteristics and constraint categories of this interface are shown symbolically on figure 1. The specific interface characteristics and constraints pertinent to this section are described in sect
18、ion 5. 1.4 Applicability, The criteria of this section are applicable to new ship acquisitions, modernizations, or conversions, and to systems and equipment intended for installation on board such ships. Systems and equipment intended for installation on board active fleet ships shall possess blast
19、resistance characteristics not less than those originally required for the ship in question. The criteria of this section apply only to ships designed for the installation of missiles. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 Government publications. The following Government publications form a part of this docu
20、ment to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues are those cited in the solicitation. PUBLICATIONS NAVAL SEA SYSTEiMS COMMAND (NAVSEA) S9072-AJ-MAN-OlO/BLAST PROT Design Guidance Manual for Gun and Missile Blast Protection (Application for copies should be addressed to Sta
21、ndardization Document Order Desk, Bldg. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) 2.2 Order of precedence. In the event if a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersed
22、es applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Missile blast. Missile blast consists of a highly directional stream of erosive, high velocity, hig
23、h temperature combustion products resulting from the launch of a missile. In addition to gas products, the exhaust stream may contain a significant amount of liquid and solid particles of aluminum oxide, which is highly abrasive. 3.2 Direct blast areas. Direct blast areas are those areas exposed to
24、the direct line of impingement by the exhaust plume of the missile as it leaves its launcher. This applies for all potential missile launching orientations and fly-away patls. The direct blast area for rotating launchers will be based on the projected or actual launcher orientations allowed by the f
25、iring control cut-out cam. The direct blast area for vertical launch systems will include considerations for worst-case conditions of missile fly-away angles, ship motion and relative wind. The direct blast area for missiles in fixed canister and box launchers will consist of the area encompassed by
26、 a 45 degree conic projection on adjacent deckbulkhead areas unless a blast deflector is provided. 3.3 Reflected blast areas. Reflected blast areas are those areas outside the direct blast areas onto which the exhaust stream is deflected after impinging on a deck or bulkhead in the direct blast area
27、. The reflected blast area also includes areas where concentrations of exhaust gasses may collect. 3.4 Blast shields. Blast shields are structural plates used to protect an item from the missile exhaust stream in direct blast areas. 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 General requirements. The specific inte
28、rface requirements and constraints established herein are mandatory and shall be adhered to by SYSCOMs. Project managers, contractors, and all others engaged in any aspect of shipboard design to which these requirements and constraints apply including systems/equipment design, production, and instal
29、lation. 5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 5.1 General considerations. The launch of ships missiles creates high localized temperatures and pressures, high energy erosive debris, smoke and toxic gases within the vicinity of the launcher. The nature of this environment may cause damage to nearby equipment and
30、structure, cause discomfort or a health hazard to crew members exposed to the gases, and may interfere with the performance of certain topside systems. Shipboard equipment exposed to missile blast are typically damaged by one or more of the following effects: a. Burning b. Surface erosion c. Paint b
31、listering 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-l399A(NAVY) Section 072.1 d. Gasket deterioration e. Warping f. Local structural failure of small fittings and attachments g. Coating by aluminum oxide Additionally, personnel statio
32、ned on weather decks may be subjected to exhaust gases or the gases may be ingested into interior spaces of the ship through ventilation intakes or other openings. Visual observation from the bridge and operation of line-of-sight systems such as laser designators and optical and infrared sensors wil
33、l be impaired by the exhaust cloud until it dissipates. - 5.2 Interface characteristics. The interface characteristics of the missile blast environment consist of the following elements: a. Temperature (see 5.2.1) b. Pressure (see 5.2.2) . c. Erosive debris (see 5.2.3) d. Smoke (see 5.2.4) e. Toxic
34、gases (see 5.2.5) These characteristics will be present on all ships with installed missile systems. 5.2.1 Temperature. The missile exhaust stream forms a long, narrow cone-shaped plume of high temperature gases. Temperatures at the core of the plume range from 1500 degrees Fahrenheit (“F) for a Tom
35、ahawk booster to 6000 “F for a Standard Missile 2 (SM2) booster. Gas temperatures over 1000 “F may be experienced up to 100 feet downstream of the SM2. These high temperatures exist, however, for only a very short period of time, generally under 1 second. 5.2.2 Pressure. The overpressure experienced
36、 by objects in a direct blast area results from the direct impingement of the supersonic stream of exhaust gases and particles. Pressures in the direct blast areas range from a few psi for the Tomahawk Mk 106 to 100 psi for the SM2 Mk 70, as an example. 5.23 Erosive debris. Liquid droplets and solid
37、 particles of aluminum oxide are present in the exhaust stream of those boosters which use aluminum as a constituent element. These droplets and particles are a major contributor to the heating and erosion effects of the missile exhaust stream. The solid particles cause an abrasive “sand blasting“ e
38、ffect, while the liquid droplets penetrate crevices and openings before solidifying on exposed surfaces. The SM family is the main concern with regard to erosive debris. 5.2.4 Smoke. Missile launch creates large clouds of smoke which may remain in the vicinity of the launch point from a few seconds
39、to a few minutes depending on the relative wind and weather conditions. While this cloud will not create any interference with radio wave systems, it will degrade the performance of sensors which operate in the lower electromagnetic spectrum, such 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or ne
40、tworking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-l399A(NAVY) Section 072.1 as laser designators, and optical and infrared devices. The infrared and visible light emission/ absorption characteristics of the launch cloud may pose a significant problem for these systems. Visual observation from
41、the bridge may also be impaired during ripple or salvo launches. 5.2.5 Toxic gases. The principal toxic gases contained in the launch cloud are hydrogen chloride (HCl), a colorless gas with an irritating pungent odor, and carbon monoxide (CO). Both gases are hazardous to crew members. HCl, in partic
42、ular, is an immediate danger to life, if in excess of allowable limits. Launch cloud and toxic gas concentration prediction methods are addressed in NAVSEA S9072-AJ-MAN-OlO/sLAST PROT. 5.3 Parameters. The missile blast parameters for application to any specific ship or equipment design must be devel
43、oped on a case basis from: a. Missile and booster type b. Launcher type c. Ship configuration d. Launcher train and elevation arcs if applicable e. Missile fly-away paths f. Smoke and toxic gas production The blast characteristics are determined from pressure-temperature curves specific to each miss
44、ile booster type which plot temperature and pressure as a function of axial and radial distance from the nozzle centerline, as shown on figures 2 and 3 for a Standard Missile Mk104 Dual Thrust Rocket Motor (DTRM). These curves, which when overlaid on a ship configuration drawing along with the envel
45、ope of potential missile fly-away paths, determine the local direct blast environment. The reflected blast areas are determined from an evaluation of the exhaust stream flow paths and areas of concentration of exhaust gases. Figure 4 shows the direct and reflected blast areas developed for a vertica
46、l launching system. The local blast pressures and temperatures, as shown on figures 5 and 6 for the forward vertical launching system on DDG 51, can be developed by hand for rough approximations, by computer program, or by actual shipboard measurements. Smoke and toxic gas spread must be estimated f
47、rom wind flow patterns around the ships superstructure and ship system arrangements, with consideration given to the potential concentration of smoke and gases in flow stagnation areas. 5.4 Areas of application. The direct and reflected blast areas will be designated by the Principal Development Act
48、ivity (PDA). 5.5 Interface constraints. Interface characteristics of the missile blast environment impose certain constraints on the design of ship structure, and on the design and installation of systems and equipment located in the designated blast areas. These constraints are described in 5.5.1 t
49、hrough 5.5.5. 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3.399A(NAVY) Section 072.1 5.5.1 Systedequipment location and installation. To the maximum extent practicable, equipment which may be damaged by or malfunction as a result of the missile blast temperature, pressure, or erosive debris, shall be located out sf designated missile blast areas. The sus
