1、AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT I AIR 713A I Issued 8-1-65 SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS, Inc. 485 Lexington Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 Revised 9-30-67 1. 2. 3. GUIDE FOR DETERMINING, PRESENTING, AND SUBSTANTIATING . TURBINE ENGINE STARTING AND MOTORING CHARACTERBTICS PURPOSE - The purpose of this in
2、formation report is to provide a general guide for deter mining, presenting, and substantiating turbine engine starting and motoring characteris- tics. SCOPE - This information report includes procedures for determining and presenting in standard form and terminology turbine engine starting and moto
3、ring characteristics. It further includes the requirement for substantiating the accuracy of the information pre - sented. DETERMINATION OF ENGINE STARTING AND MOTORING CHARACTERISTICS - The primary method of determining engine starting and motoring characteristics should be by testing of a complete
4、 engine and calculating the required information from the test data. Empirical, theoretical, or other means should be used when the information is re- quired for a nonexistent engine. 3.1 Enpine Testing: 3.1.1 Testing Techniques 3.1.1.1 Test Eciuipment 3.1.1.1.1 Encrine - The test engine should be a
5、 production unit or be functionally identical to a production unit. It is preferable that the engine be at or near specification performance. in any event the performance level of the engine to be tested should be established. 3.1.1.1.2 Engine Accessories - The test engine should include all units w
6、hich are considered permanent engine accessories. Accessories which must be used during the test but which will not be a part of the installation furnished by the engine manu- facturer to the customer should be noted so that their effect on engine starting characteristics may be removed from the per
7、formance presented to the customer, 3.1.1.1.3 Encrine Fuel Supplv - The test engine fuel supply should utilize a type of fuel, fuel temperature, and fuel pressure established by the engine and fuel specifications. 3,l. 1.1.4 Engine Starter - The engine starter may be any type selected by the engine
8、manu- facturer but should be capable of supplying torque levels covering the full range permitted by the engine. 3.1. i. 1.5 Engine Lubricant - The test engine lubricant should be of the type specified in the applicable engine model specification. 3.1.1.2 Instrumentation 3.1.1.2.1 Engine - -2- 3. I.
9、 1.2.1.1 Engine Rotor Speed - The engine rotor speed should be measured at the engine starter drive or equivalent and should be recorded as a function of time except during motoring operation. Endue Combustion Temperature - The engine combustion temperature should be measured at the turbine inlet or
10、 at the turbine exhaust, accord- ing to the engine manufacturers normal procedures, and should be re- corded as a function of time. Fuel Supplv Temperature - The engine fuel supply temperature should be measured at the engine fuel supply connection and also as close as possible to the engine fuel ma
11、nifold. Fuel Supdv Pressure - The engine fuel supply pressure should be measured at the engine fuel supply connection and should be recorded as a function of time. hlet Air Temperature - The engine inlet air total temperature should be measured at the compressor inlet face and should be recorded as
12、a function of time, Inlet Air Total Pressure - The engine inlet air total pressure should be measured at a point representative of the total pressure at the com- pressor face and should be recorded as a function of time. Exhaust Nozzle Static Pressure - The engine exhaust nozzle static pressure shou
13、ld be measured in the plane of the nozzle exit. It should be recorded as a function of time. An effort should be made to establish the exhaust static pressure equal to the compressor inlet total pressure. 3.1.1.2.1.2 3.1.1.2.1.3 3.1.1.2.1.4 3.1.1.2.1.5 3.1.1.2.1.6 . O 3.1.1.2.1.7 3.1.1.2.2 Starter 3
14、.1.1.2.2.1 Starter Output Torque - The starter output torque should be determined wit$ a torque measuring device or by use of a starter previously Cali- brated in terms of input and output conditions. Starter performance should be recorded as a function of time during engine starting tests and as a
15、function of speed during engine motoring tests. Starter torque ob- tained on a transient basis should be corrected for effects of starter in- ertia to obtain steady state performance. Start Initiation - The point at which the starter is energized should be indicated on the engine rotor speed time sc
16、ale. Starter Cutoff - The point at which the starter cuts off should be in- dicated on the engine rotor speed time scale. 3.2.1.2.2.2 3.1.1.2.2.3 , t SAE AIR*7L3A b7 83573LtO 0008314 3 _ _ - -3- 3.1.1.3 Test Variables and Range 3.1.1.3.1 Ambient Conditions a 3.1.1.3.1.1 Engine inlet Air Temperature
17、- The total temperature of the air at the engine compressor face represents the ambient temperature in which the engine is being started. This ambient temperature should cover the normal operating range of the engine. At least three temperatures should be used which should include the maximum and mi
18、nimum at which the en- gine is rated and a standard day condition. 3.1; 1.3.1.2 Endne Exhaust Air Pressure - The static pressure at the engine exhaust nozzle represents the ambient pressure at which the engine is being started. The ambient pressure may be that existing at the test facility altitude.
19、 3.1.1.3.2 Entzine 3.1.1.3.2.1 Endne Fuel Sumlv Temperature - The engine fuel supply temperature should be within 5 F of the ambient air temperature or should be at the limit fuel temperature as determined by consideration of both the engine and fuel specifications. 3.1.1.3.2.2 Endne Fuel Supplv Pre
20、ssure - The engine fuel supply pressure during the start should be within the limits established by the engine and fuel specifications. - 3.1.1.3.3 Starter 3.1.1.3.3.1 Starter utput Torque - The starter output torque characteristic is es- tablished by the type of starter and by the energy level supp
21、lied to the starter inlet. During the starting tests the starter should utilize at least three levels of output torque covering the full range permitted by the engine. During the motoring tests the starter should utilize as many steady state output torque.levels as are required to obtain a continuou
22、s set of data points from zero to the highest speed obtainable with engine fuel and ignition off. 3.1.1.3; 3.2 Starter Cutoff Speed - The starter cutoff speed. should be within the limits specified by the enginemanufacturer . 3.1.1.3.4 Start and Restart Effects 3.1.1.3.4.1 Initial Starts - The tests
23、 should include initial starts at each ambient temperature. An initial start is encountered after an approximately eight-hour soak at the test ambient temperature of a shut-down engine. 3.1.1.3.4.2 Restarts - The tests should include restarts at each ambient tempera- ture. Consideration should be gi
24、ven to factors of time, temperature and power level in determining the most critical restart conditions. O - SAE AIRm713A b7 I 8357340 0008335 m! -4- 3.1.1.4 Operational Considerations 3.1.1.4.1 Test Confimation - The test configuration shouldconsist of those items listed in 3.1.1.1 of this document
25、. 3.1.1.4.2 Enane Preparation - The proper engine preparation prior to a start should be specified in. detail. 3.1.1.4.3 Engine Starting Procedure - The engine manufacturers recommended start- ing procedure for production engines should be followed, 3 1.2 Torque Calculation . 3.1.2.1 Starter Data Re
26、quired- 3.1,2,1.1 Effective Polar Moment of Inertia - The effective polar moment of inertia of the starter rotating parts at the starter drive should be obtained from the starter manufacturer. 3.1.2.1.2 Starter Output Torque - The steady state starter output torque should be plotted as a function of
27、 starter drive speed from data obtained under items 3.1.1.2.1.1 and 3.1.1.2.2.1, This information should be plotted as shown in Figure 1 for each test condition. 3.1.2.2 Engine Data Required 3.1.2.2.1 Effective Polar Moment of Inertia - The effective polar moment of inertia of the starter driven rot
28、ating parts should be determined and specified in terms of the starter drive speed. It should include all rotating parts such as pumps and other accessories exclusive of the starter. For starter driven propellers the polar moment of inertia of the propeller and the rotating parts of its re- duction
29、gearing should be included, 3.1.2.2.2 Engine Rotor Speed - The engine rotor speed as measured at the starter drive should be plotted as a function of time as shown in Figure 2. Inasmuch as the accuracy of the calculations depends upon having a well-defined curve form, any oscillatory displacements i
30、mpressed upon the curve by engine vibration or instrumentation techniques should be removed prior to plotting the data. 3.1.2.3 Other Information Required 3,l. 2;3.1 Enffine Lightoff Speed - The engine lightoff speed should be shown on Figure 2. 3.1.2.3.2 Start er Cutoff Speed - The starter cutoff s
31、peed should be shown on . Figure 2, 3.1.2.3.3 Enaine Idle Speed - The point at which the engine attains idle speed should be shown on Figure 2. - I ! . i f 3.1.2.3.4 Starter Drive Gear Ratio 3.1.2.3.5 Maximum Allowable Continuous Torque at the Starter Drive . 3.1.2.3.6 Maximum Allowable Static Torqu
32、e at the Starter Drive 3.1.2.3.7 Propeller Gear Ratio (for starter driven propellers) 3.1.2.4 Calculation Procedure 3.1.2.4.1 3.1.2.4.2 Effective Polar Moment of inertia - The effective polaraoment of inertia of the starter (Ist. eff ) is the actual moment of inertia of its rotating parts re- ferred
33、 to the start USATTACHMENTS A.S NECESSARY, ) ELECTRIC TYPE (FIXED BUS, BATTERY, ETC.) LOAD CHARACTERISTICS (VOLTAGE VS AMPERAGE, BATTERY DATA, ETC. ) TYPE OF COOLING (BUST, SELF OROTHER) HYDRAULIC MAXIMUM POWER HP MAXIMUM FLOW GPM MAXIMUM PRESSURE PSI MNIMM PRESSURE PSI TYPE OF HYDRAULIC FLUID TURBI
34、NE INLET PRESSURE PSIA ItJLET TEHPERATW. OF FLOW AVAIIABLE I LB/MIN TYPE OF GAS (AIR, NATURAL GAS, STEAM, ETC. ) STARTER REQUIREMENTS TIME TO CUTOUT SEC. AT _ OF OUTPUT SHAFT ROTATION FACING THE STARTER OUTPUT SHAFT ccw - cw DRIVE PAD (TYPE, LOAD LIMITATIONS, SPECIAL FEATURES, ETC.) MOUNTING POSITIO
35、N AND ATTITUDES WEIGHT INSTALIATION AND SPACE ENVELOPE (ATTACH DRAWINGS, IF POSSIBLE) INLET (SIZE AND TYPE) EXHAUST (SIZE AND TYPE) OPERATIONAL REOUIREMENTS AMBIENT ALTITUDE (OF) (FT.) , DURING GROUND START TO TO DURING ENGINE OPERATION TO TO DUTY CYCLE (CpNSECUTIVE STARTS, MOTORING REQUIREMENTS, ET
36、C.) OPERATIONAL LIFE HOURS STARTS LUBRICANT VIBRATORY LOADS APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS (COVERING PERTINENT OPERATING ENVIRONMENT, DETAILS OF ENERGY SOURCE, AUXILIARY POWER AVAILABLE, ETC.) _- REMARKS (DESIRED SAFETY PROVISIONS, MAINTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS, ETC. ) - - - 1 ,-*-L - SUBMITTED TO DATE -_ NOTES: 1. AS A GUIDE IN DESIGN EMPHASIS, INDICATE BY AN * ANX TEMS OF PROBLEM STATEMENT WHICH ARE MOST IMPORTANT TO MEET OR IMPROVE: e.g., LENGTH VS WIDTH, WEIGHT VS SIZE, ETC. - 2. IF DUAL PURPOSE UNIT, i.e. , PUMP OR GENERATOR REQUIREMENTS EXIST, USE ATTACHMENT.
