1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2013 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may b
3、e reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax
4、: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2580AAEROSPACEMATERIALSPECIFICATIONAMS2580 REV. AIssued 2010-05Revised 2013-06Superseding AMS2580Shot
5、Peening, Ultrasonically ActivatedRATIONALEAMS2580A clarifies the frequency of intensity verification (4.2.1).1. SCOPE1.1 PurposeThis specification covers the requirements for inducing compressive residual stresses on the surface of metal parts using ultrasonically activated shot peening.1.2 Applicat
6、ionsUltrasonically activated shot peening is typically used to induce compressive residual stresses on the surface layer of metallic parts to a depth up to 0.040 inch (1 mm). The shape and depth of the compressive residual stress distribution depend on the properties of the part and the ultrasonical
7、ly activated shot peening process parameters. The residual stresses produced increase fatigue performance, resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and fretting fatigue, but its usage is not limited to such applications.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTSThe issue of the following documents i
8、n effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has be
9、en specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.2.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AMS2431 Peening Media (ASR), Cast Steel Sh
10、ot, Regular Hardness (45 to 52 HRC)AMS2585 Shot Peening Media, Ultrasonically ActivatedSAE J442 Test Strip, Holder and Gage for Shot PeeningSAE J443 Procedures for Using Standard Shot Peening Test StripSAE J2277 Shot Peening CoverageSAE HS-784 Residual Stress Measurement by X-Ray DiffractionSAE AMS2
11、580A Page 2 of 93. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS3.1 Peening Media3.1.1 As-received peening media shall conform to the requirement of AMS2585, Shot Peening Media, Ultrasonically Activated. 3.1.2 Other peening media in accordance with AMS2431 may be used with approval by the cognizant engineering organizatio
12、n.3.1.3 Once the media size, material, hardness, and amount are selected, it shall not be changed without prior approval by the cognizant engineering organization3.1.4 Each peened part lot shall have a unique media batch and once a batch is prepared for a peened part lot, it shall be treated as a si
13、ngle entity for the life of the batch. Each media batch shall have a log sheet to document accumulated time with respect to amount, size, broken and deformed content. 3.1.5 The media batch shall be totally discarded and replaced with a new one if at least one ball is broken, or if balls are lost or
14、deformed over the established limits. The media batch shall also be totally discarded and replaced with a new one if it has been used for more than the prescribed usage time.3.1.6 Dilution of a batch with additional shot to improve conditions is not permitted. Mixing of types or sizes of media is al
15、so not permitted. 3.2 EquipmentThe ultrasonically activated shot peening equipment shall provide a means of transferring kinetic energy to the treatment balls inside a treatment chamber using a metallic element vibrating at an ultrasonic frequency.3.2.1 ChambersChambers are considered part of the pr
16、ocess and shall be documented for each application as follows:3.2.1.1 Each chamber shall have a serial number assigned and shall be part of a source tool control system or alternative system approved by the cognizant engineering organization. Chamber material shall be suitably chosen to limit abrasi
17、on which occurs during the peening process. Hard plastic materials with low damping coefficients and heat treated hard steel are suggested as chamber material.3.2.1.2 Chamber design shall not have any features to trap shots. Chamber ball tightness shall be less than one half of the media diameter us
18、ed in the chamber. 3.2.2 SonotrodeThe sonotrode is the metallic element vibrating at an ultrasonic frequency that transfers kinetic energy to the treatment balls inside a treatment chamber. Sonotrode is considered part of the process and shall be detailed for each application as follows.3.2.2.1 Once
19、 the sonotrode material, hardness, size and shape are selected, they shall not be changed without prior approval by the cognizant engineering organization.3.2.3 Parameter MonitoringThe equipment shall be continuously monitored with devices such as PLC or computer to ensure the parameters shown in Ta
20、ble 1 are within the tolerances indicated.SAE AMS2580A Page 3 of 9TABLE 1 - PARAMETERS FOR ULTRASONICALLY ACTIVATED SHOT PEENINGParagraph Parameter UnitsProcess TolerancePlus or Minus3.2.3.1 Sonotrode vibration AmplitudeInch (millimeter) 0.00016 (0.004)3.2.3.2 Frequency Hz 4003.2.3.3 Part Translatio
21、n % Inch/min 23.2.3.4 Part Rotation % Revolution/min. 23.2.3.5 Peening Cycle Time Seconds 13.2.4 The equipment shall be capable of interrupting the peening cycle within one second, when detected tolerances for amplitude (3.2.3.1), frequency (3.2.3.2), part translation (3.2.3.3) or part rotation (3.2
22、.3.4) are exceeded. The peening system shall also retain in memory any abort details for the parameters listed in Table 1 and be able to resume operation to complete the balance of the process cycle, from the position of shut down, once the out-of-tolerance condition has been corrected. Parts proces
23、sed during an aborted cycle shall be so identified by the processor. 3.2.5 Gages used with standard “A”, “C”, and “N” test strips shall conform to SAE J442 with end stops.3.2.6 Blocks and fixtures used to support standard test strips during tests to establish specified peening intensity shall confor
24、m to SAE J442. Test strips may also be supported directly on a scrap part or a representative fixture, without separate blocks, as long as the clamping dimensions conform to SAE J442. Alternative thickness of blocks shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organization.3.2.7 Masks and baffles
25、shall be provided as required to direct shots or beads where desired and to prevent peening in prohibited areas.3.3 Process Controls3.3.1 Process tolerance values shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organization.3.3.2 Almen intensity determination shall conform to SAE J443.3.3.3 Almen tes
26、t strips shall conform to SAE J442.3.3.3.1 In locations where standard test strips cannot be placed to accurately reflect the peening intensity, shaded (or masked) test strips may be used; such strips shall conform to all requirements of SAE J442. The relationship between the peening intensity on th
27、e masked test strips and that on the standard test strip shall be established. The arc height thus measured for the masked test strip shall be used to establish a saturation curve for control of the peening intensity.3.3.3.2 The use and designation of types of test strips will largely depend on the
28、specific results desired. In general, the “A” test strip is used except for high and low intensities. The “C” test strip is usually used if the arc height on the “A” test strip would exceed 0.024 inch (0.61 mm), the “N” test strip is usually used if the arc height on the “A” teststrip would be less
29、than 0.004 inch (0.10 mm).3.3.3.3 Reuse of Almen test strips is not permitted.3.3.4 Residual stress profiles3.3.4.1 In some circumstances, where Almen strip measurements cannot be performed, a coupon made of the same material as the part may be used to characterize the peening.SAE AMS2580A Page 4 of
30、 93.3.4.2 Residual stress profile shall be established using the following parameters:x Superficial residual stress valuex Value and depth of maximum stressesx Depth where stresses became tensile stresses3.3.4.3 Residual stress measurement methods shall be suitably chosen to characterize the peening
31、 coupon. If the material chosen is not suitable to the method, a similar material can be used and shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organization.3.3.4.4 Residual stress measurements shall be performed in accordance with SAE HS-784, Residual Stress Measurement by X-Ray Diffraction.3.4 Pr
32、eparation3.4.1 Parts shall be adequately cleaned prior to peening.3.4.2 Dimensions and surface finishes shall be as specified by the drawing prior to shot peening unless otherwise specified.3.4.3 All straightening and forming shall be completed prior to peening.3.4.4 Heat treatment that requires tem
33、peratures above those in 3.5.3 shall be completed prior to peening.3.4.5 All machining of areas to be peened shall be completed, all filets shall be properly formed, all burrs shall be removed, all edges and corners shall be chamfered or/and rounded and roughness shall be as specified prior to peeni
34、ng.3.4.6 When magnetic particle or fluorescent penetrant inspection is required, parts shall be subjected to such inspection before being peened3.5 Procedure3.5.1 Coverage and Appearance Surfaces that have been peened shall show completed coverage as defined in SAE J2277. If the percent coverage is
35、not specified on the engineering drawing, complete coverage is required.3.5.2 Peening intensity shall be as specified on the engineering drawing, determined in accordance with SAE J443.3.5.3 Tolerances Unless otherwise specified, variation from the specified (minimum) peening intensity shall be -0,
36、+30% to the nearest unit but in no case less than three: thus a specified peening intensity of 6A denotes an arc height of 0.006 to 0.009 inch (0.15 to 0.23 mm) on the “A” specimen and a specified peening intensity of 18N denotes an arc height of 0.018 to 0.023 inch (0.46 to 0.58 mm) on the “N” spec
37、imen. Unless otherwise specified, the variation is boundaries of areas to be peened shall be -0 to +0.125 inch (-0 to +3.18 mm) into the area not required to be peened.3.5.4 The phrase “peening optional” shall mean that peening on areas so indicated is optional and may have complete, partial or no c
38、overage 3.5.5 Areas designated not to be peened may either be masked from peening or they may be peened if subsequent machining operations remove the effect of peening on such areas.SAE AMS2580A Page 5 of 93.5.6 ToleranceWhen the masking tolerance is not indicated on the drawing, tolerances used on
39、dimensions shall be plus 0, minus 0.062 inch (1.57 mm). Masking shall be permanent and reusable except expendable masking may be used for pre-production or development parts when approved by the cognizant engineering organization.3.5.7 Intensity verification locations shall be as indicated on the dr
40、awing. When not specified on the drawing, locations shall be as established by the cognizant engineering organization.3.5.8 Production peening setups shall use the computer pre-program and the procedure sheet to designate the machine and all the machine settings, fixtures, and locations of part and
41、fixtures. Intensity verification using test strips is required by peening a single set of test strips after all monitored parameters, fixtures and locations match the computer pre-program and the procedure sheet. If any strips do not fall within required intensity range, the setup shall be corrected
42、 and a new set of strips shall be peened.3.5.9 Part Holding Fixture The part shall be held in a fixture designed to rotate and/or translate the part on its axis. The fixture shall be numbered andrecorded on the peening procedure sheet. See 4.4.3.3.6 Post-Peening Treatment3.6.1 After peening and remo
43、val of protective masks, all shot shall be removed from surfaces of parts by a method that will not erode or scratch surfaces.3.6.2 Straightening of peened parts is prohibited, unless otherwise specified.3.6.3 Subsequent processing shall be performed only when permitted by the engineering drawing re
44、quirements. In order to minimize reduction of the residual stresses imposed by peening, the temperature of the parts caused by such processing shall not exceed the limits of Table 2. See 8.3.2.TABLE 2 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF PEENED PARTSAlloy TemperatureAlloy Steels 475 F (246 C)Corrosion Resistant S
45、teels 750 F (399 C)Aluminum Alloys 200 F ( 93 C)Titanium Alloys 475 F (246 C)Magnesium Alloys 200 F ( 93 C)Nickel and Cobalt Alloys 1000 F (538 C)3.6.4 The amount of metal removed by honing, lapping, or polishing shall be not more than 10% of the specified minimum arc height for “A” and “C” intensit
46、ies and not more than 3% of the specified minimum arc height for “N” intensities. The removal process shall not produce less compressive residual stress into the part 3.6.5 Peened parts shall be cleaned by suitable method. Halogenated solvents shall not be used to clean titanium alloy parts.3.6.6 Sh
47、ot peened parts shall be protected from corrosion during processing and until protective coating or packaging is completed. The method of protection shall be acceptable to the cognizant engineering organization.SAE AMS2580A Page 6 of 94. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS4.1 Responsibility for Inspection
48、and Process ControlThe processor shall supply Almen strips for processors tests and shall be responsible for all required tests. When parts are to be tested, the parts shall be supplied by the purchaser. The cognizant engineering organization reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmat
49、ory testing deemed necessary to ensure that processing conforms to specified requirements.4.2 Classification of Tests4.2.1 Coverage and appearance (3.4.1) and intensity (3.4.2) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each lot. Coverage tests shall be performed on representative parts from each lot. Intensity verification shall be performed at the beginning and, for process lot sizes greater than one, at the end of each lot
