1、AEROSPACE STANDARDAS5276/1Issued 2000-11Performance Standard for Child RestraintSystems in Transport Category Airplanes1. SCOPE:This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines minimum performance standards and related qualification criteria for add-on child restraint systems (CRS) which provide protection
2、for small children in passenger seats of transport category airplanes. The AS is not intended to provide design criteria that could be met only by an aircraft-specific CRS. The goal of this standard is to achieve child-occupant protection by specifying a dynamic test method and evaluation criteria f
3、or the performance of CRS under emergency landing conditions.1.1 Purpose:The methods presented in this AS are designed to assure that CRS will provide adequate security and safety for their occupants. This will enable proper restraint of children in the aircraft environment. This AS defines a test p
4、rocedure, interpretation of the results, and pass/fail criteria.1.2 Applicability:This AS addresses the performance criteria for add-on type CRS when used in transport category airplane passenger seats, certificated under 14 CFR Part 25, which have lap belts as the only means of occupant restraint.
5、These criteria do not replace or supersede existing criteria for child restraint devices certified for compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 213 (FMVSS-213), which is published in 49 CFR 571.213. This AS does not redefine or supersede applicable Federal Aviation Administration (F
6、AA) regulations for CRS allowed for use on airplanes.SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular u
7、se, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2008 SAE International
8、 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (ins
9、ide USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Reaffirmed 2008-03SAE AS5276/1 - 2 -2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Documents:The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Th
10、e latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in th
11、is document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.RP J211 Instrumentation for Impact TestsAS8049 Performance Standard for Seats in Civil, Rotorcr
12、aft and Transport Aircraft and General Aviation AircraftARP4466 Dimensional Compatibility of Child Restraint Systems and Passenger Seat Systems in Civil Transport Airplanes2.1.2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Regulations, Advisory Circulars, and Reports: Available from the Superintendent of D
13、ocuments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325.14 CFR 21 Certification Procedures for Products and Parts14 CFR 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes14 CFR 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations AC 91-62B FAA Advisory Circular:
14、 Use of Child Seats in AircraftTSO C22 Safety BeltsDOT/FAA/AAM/-94/19 The Performance of Child Restraint Devices in Transport Passenger Seats, Gowdy and DeWeese, FAA Office of Aviation Medicine Report, September, 19942.1.3 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Regulations: Available
15、 from NHTSA, 400 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20590.49 CFR 571.213 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 213 Child Restraint Systems49 CFR 572 Anthropomorphic Test Dummies2.1.4 ANSI Publications: Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ANSI Z535.4 -1998 Product Safety
16、 Signs and LabelsSAE AS5276/1 - 3 -2.2 Applicable References:“Infant and Child Restraints: Selecting the Appropriate Type”, American Academy of Pediatrics, 19962.3 Classification of Children:The physical characteristics of small children govern the proper CRS for use. Mass, standing height, and deve
17、lopmental maturity (i.e., age) are important for proper CRS configuration and orientation. As children develop at different rates, combined application of these characteristics in selecting a CRS may be difficult. To assist in this process, Table 1 defines three stages of child development that have
18、 been established by the American Academy of Pediatrics, each with a single dominant characteristic underlined. Where an occupant falls between categories, the dominant characteristic is used to determine the proper CRS configuration and orientation.2.4 Classification of Child Restraints:Restraint s
19、ystems are classified by child category. Some CRS serve more than one child category. Table 2 defines the three classes of CRS for this AS.TABLE 1 - Definitions of Child CategoriesChild Category Mass, kg (lb) Height, cm (in) Age, moNewborn Birth to 5 (11) Birth to 65 (26) N/AInfant 5 - 10 (11 - 22)
20、65 - 85 (26 - 34) under 12Toddler 10 - 20 (22 - 44) 85 - 100 (34 - 40) over 12TABLE 2 - Definitions of CRS TypesTypeRestraintClassRestraintConfigurationI Newborn Aft facing, reclinedII Infant Aft facing, reclinedIII Toddler Forward facing, uprightSAE AS5276/1 - 4 -2.5 Compatibility of a CRS to Size
21、of Child Occupant:The CRS and its integral restraints shall be designed to be compatible with accepted classification standards, as indicated in 2.3 and 2.4, for the protection of children under high dynamic loads.a. Any child with a mass of less than 5 kg (11 lb) is considered a “newborn” and shoul
22、d be restrained in an aft facing orientation by a CRS providing both upper and lower torso restraint. (Type I)b. Any child that has not attained his or her first birthday is considered an “infant” and should be restrained in an aft facing orientation by a CRS providing both upper and lower torso res
23、traint. (Type II)c. Any child that has a mass of greater than 5 kg (11 lb) and less than 10 kg (22 lb) is considered an “infant” and should be restrained in an aft facing orientation by a CRS providing both upper and lower torso restraint. (Type II)d. Any child that has attained his or her first bir
24、thday, with a mass greater than 10 kg (22 lb) and having a standing stature of less than 100 cm (40 in) in height is considered a “toddler” and should be seated in a forward facing CRS with both upper and lower torso restraint. (Type III)3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:All the paragraphs in this section are
25、 intended to ensure proper CRS performance within the aircraft environment. Test methods and pass/fail criteria are provided where appropriate.3.1 CRS Interface with Airplane Passenger Seat:The CRS shall comply with the recommendations of ARP4466.3.2 A CRS installed in an airplane passenger seat sha
26、ll rely only upon passenger seat lap belts (pelvic restraints) to secure the device to the seat. No passenger seat lap belt may contact the child-occupant of the CRS.3.2.1 The function of quick-release fittings, adjustment handles, and buttons shall be verified after the CRS is installed in the airp
27、lane passenger seat. Incorrect installation or inadvertent activation of quick-release fittings, adjustment handles and buttons shall be made improbable.3.2.2 Release of the child-occupant from the CRS shall be performed at a single point (excluding shoulder strap positioning buckles) and shall be a
28、ccomplished without release of the airplane passenger seat lap belt.SAE AS5276/1 - 5 -3.2.3 Adjustable features of the CRS, such as swiveling bases, armrests, reclinable seat backs, and items that may be removed and stowed, etc., shall be designed so that they can be returned by the parent/companion
29、 to the positions required for takeoff and landing without release of the lap belt securing the CRS to the passenger seat. The actions necessary to return these features to the positions required for takeoff and landing shall be possible by the parent/companion without the release of the parent/comp
30、anion restraints.3.2.4 A stowable CRS, having means to collapse or fold to a stowable configuration, shall have a visible means by which to verify that, when installed on an airplane passenger seat, the CRS is positively locked in the correct position for occupancy.3.2.5 Where a CRS is equipped with
31、 prongs that attach the CRS to a rigid bar anchorage system in automobiles, those prongs shall be retractable, in order to ensure proper positioning of the CRS in the airplane passenger seat and to avoid damage to the airplane seat.3.3 Fire Protection:Cushions, upholstery, and all other exposed mate
32、rials used in the CRS shall meet the fire protection provisions of 14 CFR 25.853(c).3.4 Dynamic Strength/Occupant Protection:The CRS shall be designed, and demonstrated by test, to meet the performance criteria and occupant protection criteria defined in Sections 4, 5, and 6 of this AS. 3.5 Turbulen
33、ce Protection:The CRS shall be designed to retain the occupant during turbulence; this capability shall be demonstrated by means of the inversion test specified in 49 CFR 571.213 S8.2.4. PERFORMANCE TEST SPECIFICATIONS:The dynamic test described in this section is used to evaluate the performance of
34、 the CRS in a horizontal impact where the force is applied against the longitudinal axis of a forward facing airplane passenger seat that holds the CRS. The structural adequacy of the CRS, the effectiveness of the CRS attachments, and the adequacy of restraint of the child occupant, as described in
35、4.1, are the issues evaluated. One dynamic impact test shall be performed for each category of child-occupant for which the CRS is intended for use.SAE AS5276/1 - 6 -4.1 Child-Occupant Simulation:One or more ATD representing the child categories for which the CRS is intended for use shall be used to
36、 simulate a child-occupant in the dynamic test. Selection of the ATD shall be based on compliance with the following requirements:a. A newborn infant ATD (manufactured in accordance with 49 CFR Part 572, subpart K) shall be used to test a Type I CRS.b. A newborn infant ATD and a 9 month-old child AT
37、D (manufactured in accordance with 49 CFR Part 572, subpart J) shall be used to test a TYPE II CRS.c. A 9 month-old child ATD and a 3 year-old child ATD (manufactured in accordance with 49 CFR Part 572, subpart C) shall be used to test a Type III CRS.4.1.2 ATD Preparation: All three types of ATDs us
38、ed shall have a target point on each side of the head that is located on the transverse axis passing through the center of mass of the ATDs head and perpendicular to the heads midsagittal plane. The 9 month-old and 3 year-old ATDs must also have target points located on each knee pivot axis. The new
39、born ATD is used unclothed. The nine-month-old ATD is clothed in terry cloth polyester and cotton size 1 long sleeve shirt and size 1 long pants. The three-year-old ATD is clothed in thermal knit, waffle-weave polyester and cotton underwear or equivalent, a size 4 long sleeve shirt, a size 4 pair of
40、 long pants (cut off just far enough above the knee to allow the knee target to be visible), and size 7m sneakers with a mass of 0.435 kg (1 lb).4.2 Test Fixtures:The fixture on which the CRS is installed for the dynamic test is based on the seat fixture defined in 49 CFR 571.213.s6.1.1(a)(1), (FMVS
41、S-213). For the test specified by this AS, the back cushion, seat cushion, lap belts, and belt anchor points are different from the standard FMVSS-213 seat configuration. Appendix A of this AS presents the locations, dimensions, and materials used to configure the FMVSS-213 fixture for the test spec
42、ified by this AS.4.2.1 Passenger Seat Restraints: Airplane passenger seat lap belts shall be installed on the test fixture as the sole means of attaching the CRS to the seat fixture. The buckle shall be a lift latch type release mechanism. The belts shall meet the requirements of FAA TSO-C22 and con
43、form to the length dimensions shown in Appendix A, Figure A5 of this AS. The webbing shall be made of nylon.4.3 CRS Test Article:The CRS test article shall conform with the drawings of the production CRS in all significant respects, including basic structural design, materials, cushions, upholstery,
44、 belts, hardware, and labeling.SAE AS5276/1 - 7 -4.4 Electronic Instrumentation:Electronic instrumentation systems shall be used to record CRS test data. Electronic instrumentation shall be accomplished in accordance with SAE Recommended Practice J211 and AS8049. The following channels of instrument
45、ation, as a minimum, shall be acquired during the test:a. Impact sled longitudinal deceleration.b. Triaxial accelerations measured at the center of mass of the instrumented ATD head, where specified.c. Chest accelerations where specified.4.5 Photometric Instrumentation:At least one high speed film o
46、r video camera shall be used to record images of the test. The optical performance of the camera(s) and lens shall comply with SAE Recommended Practice J211. Images shall be recorded at a frame rate of no less than 500 per second. The position of the camera shall provide a field of view for the reco
47、rded images that covers the seat fixture, CRS test article, and child ATD during the impact portion of the test. Recording shall continue until all activity stops. The resolution of the images shall be sufficient to enable accurate measurements of the maximum excursion of the head and knee of the AT
48、D in Type II CRS tests, or the maximum rotation of the CRS in Type I and aft facing Type II CRS tests.4.6 Test Severity:The dynamic impact pulse shall meet the requirements specified for Type A seats in AS8049, i.e., the 16 g, 13.4 m/s (44 f/s) horizontal test condition for transport category airpla
49、ne seats (as shown in Figure A7, Appendix A). The pulse described in Figure 2, of 49 CFR 571.213, is acceptable to show compliance with this requirement. The yaw and floor deformation specified in AS8049 are not required.5. TEST PROCEDURE:5.1 CRS Installation:The CRS shall be installed in the test fixture and secured using the passenger seat lap belt in the manner specified by the manufacturers instructions provided with the CRS. The maximum force applied to the free end of the lap belt webbing being pulled through the belt buckle tension retention mechani
