1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21561-3 SANS 3449:2008Edition 2 ISO 3449:2005Edition 5SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Earth-moving machinery Falling-object protective str
4、uctures Laboratory tests and performance requirements This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 3449:2005 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pr
5、etoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code +27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 3449:2008 Edition 2 ISO 3449:2005 Edition 5 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5120.34
6、, Agricultural, earth-moving, forestry and construction equipment and machinery, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in May 2008. This SANS document supersedes SANS 3449:2003 (edition 1). Refer
7、ence numberISO 3449:2005(E)ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO3449Fifth edition2005-09-15Earth-moving machinery Falling-object protective structures Laboratory tests and performance requirements Engins de terrassement Structures de protection contre les chutes dobjets Essais de laboratoire et critres
8、 de performance SANS 3449:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3449:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but sha
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13、Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedSANS 3449:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3449:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Norm
14、ative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 General. 2 5 Laboratory tests 4 6 Performance requirements 8 7 Labelling 9 8 Reporting of test results 10 Annex A (normative) Typical test report 11 Bibliography . 13 SANS 3449:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription
15、and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3449:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out thr
16、ough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collabo
17、rates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Stand
18、ards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
19、this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3449 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety requirements and human factors. This fifth edition cancels an
20、d replaces the fourth edition (ISO 3449:1992), which has been technically revised. SANS 3449:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3449:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard provides
21、performance criteria for falling-object protective structures (FOPS). It recognizes that there are various classes and sizes of machines that operate in a variety of environmental conditions. It is intended to assure operators of reasonable protection from falling objects of different sizes and mass
22、es. Its laboratory tests are a means of evaluating the characteristics of the structures used to protect the operator from localized impact penetration and, indirectly, of the load-carrying capacity of the supporting structure to resist impact loading. This International Standard establishes a consi
23、stent, repeatable means of evaluating characteristics of FOPS under loading and prescribes performance requirements for these structures under such loading in a representative test. For similar tests on FOPS for excavators and excavator-based machines, see ISO 10262. SANS 3449:2008This s tandard may
24、 only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 3449:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3449:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Earth-moving machinery
25、 Falling-object protective structures Laboratory tests and performance requirements 1 Scope This International Standard specifies laboratory tests for measuring the structural characteristics of, and gives performance requirements in a representative test for, falling-object protective structures (F
26、OPS) intended for use on ride-on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165. It is applicable to both FOPS supplied as an integral part of the machine and those supplied separately for attachment to the machine. It is not intended to apply to FOPS intended for use on landfill compactors, excavator
27、s, rollers, trenchers, pipelayers, for the additional seat for operation of an attachment (e.g. attachment backhoe), or on machines with a power rating of less than 15 kW. NOTE This International Standard can be used to provide guidance to the manufacturers of roll-over or falling-object protective
28、structures should it be decided to provide such protection for these or other machines for a particular application. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated ref
29、erences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 148:1983, Steel Charpy impact test (V-notch)1)ISO 898-1:1999, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs ISO 898-2:1992, Mechanical properties o
30、f fasteners Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values Coarse thread ISO 3164:1995, Earth-moving machinery Laboratory evaluations of protective structures Specifications for deflection-limiting volume ISO 3471:1994, Earth-moving machinery Roll-over protective structures Laboratory tests and perfo
31、rmance requirements ISO 6165:2), Earth-moving machinery Basic types Vocabulary 1) Under revision. 2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 6165:2001) SANS 3449:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3449:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All ri
32、ghts reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 falling-object protective structure FOPS system of structural members arranged in such a way as to provide operators with reasonable protection from falling objects (trees, rocks, s
33、mall concrete blocks, hand tools, etc.) 3.2 roll-over protective structure ROPS system of structural members whose primary purpose is to reduce the possibility of a seat-belted operator being crushed should the machine roll-over NOTE Structural members include any subframe, bracket, mounting, socket
34、, bolt, pin, suspension or flexible shock absorption used to secure the system to the machine frame, but exclude mounting provisions that are integral with the machine frame. 3.3 deflection-limiting volume DLV orthogonal approximation of a large male, seated operator wearing normal clothing and a ha
35、rd hat NOTE See ISO 3164. 3.4 level I impact protection impact strength for protection from small falling objects (e.g. bricks, small concrete blocks, hand tools) encountered in operations such as highway maintenance, landscaping and other construction site services 3.5 level II impact protection im
36、pact strength for protection from heavy falling objects (e.g. trees, rocks) for machines involved in site clearing, overhead demolition or forestry 3.6 representative test test of a specimen whose material, dimensional and processing requirements are typical of production FOPS 4 General The FOPS may
37、 be integrated into the operator cab structure. This test procedure is generally destructive of the FOPS assembly, as permanent deformation will occur to the structure, and might not reproduce structural deformations, owing to variation in the actual impact of the falling objects. Two levels of perf
38、ormance criteria are specified for impact protection, based on the machine end use. a) Level I: protection against the impact of a round test object dropped from a height sufficient to develop an energy of 1 365 J. See Figures 1 a) and 2 a). b) Level II: protection against the impact of a cylindrica
39、l test object dropped from a height sufficient to develop an energy of 11 600 J. See Figures 1 b) and 2 b). The drop height of the test object is defined as a function of its mass, as shown in Figure 1. NOTE Although FOPS meeting these criteria do not give crush protection under all the circumstance
40、s in which the machine could be struck from above, it is expected that protection from penetration will be ensured under conditions a) and b). SANS 3449:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3449:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights
41、reserved 3EXAMPLE 45 kg 9,807 m/s2 3,1 m 1 365 J a) Level I energy requirement curve EXAMPLE 227 kg 9,807 m/s2 5,22 m 11 600 J b) Level II energy requirement curve Key h height, m m mass, kg Figure 1 Height and mass for test object with capability of developing energy requirements SANS 3449:2008This
42、 s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3449:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved5 Laboratory tests 5.1 Test apparatus 5.1.1 Test object, whose impact surface has properties to protect against deformation during testing, and which f
43、or level I testing, has a solid steel or ductile iron cylinder, as shown in Figure 2 a), a typical mass of 45 kg and a spherical contact surface diameter of between 200 mm and 250 mm, and for level II testing, has a solid steel or ductile iron cylinder, as shown in Figure 2 b), and a typical mass of
44、 227 kg. Dimensions in millimetres a) Level I: mass of 45 kg b) Level II: mass of 227 kg Key d1204 mm d2255 mm to 260 mm d3203 mm to 204 mm l1 102 mm l2 109 mm l3 584 mm NOTE 1 Actual values of dimensions are given here as examples. NOTE 2 All the dimensions specified are variable, depending on the
45、mass of the test object required to match the height of drop that will provide the energy according to Clause 4 a) and b). Dimensions of the drop test object are determined with respect to both its mass and drop-height (as determined from Figure 1), to provide the required energy. aMay be drilled an
46、d tapped for lifting eye. Figure 2 Example of test object SANS 3449:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3449:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 55.1.2 Test facility apparatus that provides a means to a) raise the test ob
47、ject to the required height, b) release it so that it drops without restraint, and c) determine whether the FOPS enters the deflection-limiting volume (DLV) during the test. The means of determining c) may be either 5.1.3 or 5.1.4. 5.1.3 DLV structure, placed upright and made of a material that will
48、 indicate any penetration by the FOPS grease or other suitable material being permitted to be put on the lower surface of the FOPS cover to indicate such penetration. The DLV structure and its location shall be in accordance with ISO 3164. The DLV structure shall be fixed firmly to the same part of
49、the machine as the operators seat and shall remain there during the entire formal test period. 5.1.4 Suitable dynamic instrumentation system, with a dynamic measurement accuracy of 5 %, for measuring the expected deflection of the FOPS with respect to the DLV. 5.2 Test conditions 5.2.1 Test bed The FOPS to be evaluated shall be attached to the machine structure, as it would be in actual machine use. Although a complete machine is not required, the portion on which the FOPS is mounte
