1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 9540A Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DIST
2、RIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems, UL 9540A Third Edition, Dated June 15, 2018 Summary of Topics A
3、 third edition has been issued for the Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems, UL 9540A. This Test Method evaluates the re characteristics of a battery energy storage system that undergoes thermal runaway. The data generated will be used to dete
4、rmine the re and explosion protection required for an installation of a battery energy storage system. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwi
5、se without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Test Method as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential,
6、 indirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Test Method, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liabilit
7、y for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Test Method, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Test Methods agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable
8、 attorneys fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Test Method on the purchasers computer system. JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JUNE 15, 2018
9、 UL 9540A tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JUNE 15, 2018 1 UL 9540A Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems First Edition November, 2017 Second Edit
10、ion January, 2018 Third Edition June 15, 2018 This Test Method is denitive procedure that produces a test result. ULs Test Methods are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Test Method should be altered in any way. All of ULs Test Methods and all copyrights, ownerships and ri
11、ghts regarding those Test Methods shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2018 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MA
12、TERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .5 2 Units of Measurement 7 3 References.7 4 Glossary .8 CONSTRUCTION 5 General 9 5.1 Cell .9 5.2 Module 9 5.3 Battery energy storage system unit .9 PERFORMANCE 6 Cell Level .10 6.
13、1 Sample 10 6.2 Determination of thermal runaway methodology .10 6.3 Cell vent gas composition test 11 6.4 Cell level test report .11 7 Module Level 12 7.1 Sample 12 7.2 Test method 12 7.3 Module level test report 15 8 Unit Level .15 8.1 Sample 15 8.2 Test method 17 8.3 Unit level test report .20 8.
14、4 Performance 21 9 Installation Level .22 9.1 General 22 9.2 Sample 22 9.3 Test method1Ef fectiveness of sprinklers 24 9.4 Installation level test report Test method1Ef fectiveness of sprinklers 26 9.5 Performance Test method1Ef fectiveness of sprinklers.27 9.6 Test method2Ef fectiveness of re prote
15、ction plan 27 9.7 Installation level test report Test method2Ef fectiveness of re protection plan 29 9.8 Performance Test method2Ef fectiveness of re protection plan 30 APPENDIX A Test Concepts And Application Of Test Results To Installations A1 Introduction A1 A2 Test Methodology and Purpose A1 A2.
16、1 General.A1 A2.2 Cell level testing .A1 JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL A2.3 Module level testing A2 A2.4 Unit level testing .A2 A2.5 Installation level testing .A3 A3 Evaluating the Results A4 A3.1 G
17、eneral.A4 A3.2 Documentation A4 A3.3 Choosing appropriate testsA5 JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 The test methodology in this document evaluates the re characteristics of a ba
18、ttery energy storage system that undergoes thermal runaway. 1.2 The data generated will be used to determine the re and explosion protection required for an installation of a battery energy storage system intended for installation, operation and maintenance in accordance with the International Fire
19、Code (IFC), the Fire Code, NFPA 1, the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), IEEE C2, other energy storage system codes, and the manufacturers installation instructions. 1.3 Fire protection requirements not related to battery energy storage system equipment a
20、re covered by appropriate installation codes. 1.4 See Figure 1.1 for a schematic of the test sequence in this document. See Appendix A which explains: a) The purpose of the tests included in this Test Method; b) Explanation of individual tests; and c) Interpretation and application of the results. T
21、his is generated text for gtxt. JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Figure 1.1 Schematic of Test Sequence a See Section 6. b See Section 7. c See Section 8. d See Section 9. REPORTED INFORMATION Cell desig
22、n Thermal runaway methodology Cell surface temperature at gas venting Cell surface temperature at thermal runaway Gas composition and LFL PERFORMANCE: Target BESS temperature less than gas vent temperaturemeasured in cell level test. Temperature increase of target walls less than 97C (175F). The fla
23、me indicator shall not propagate flames beyond thewidth of the initiating BESS. No flaming outside the test room. Module design Heat release rate Gas generation and composition External flaming and flying debris hazards Locations of flame venting REPORTED INFORMATION BESS design Heat release rate Ga
24、s generation and composition Deflagration and flying debris hazards Target BESS and wall surface temperature Heat flux at target walls REPORTED INFORMATION Fire mitigation (methods) Target BESS and wall surface temperature Gas generation and composition Deflagration and flying debris hazards Heat fl
25、ux at target walls PERFORMANCE: Target BESS temperature less than cell surface temperatureat gas venting. Temperature increase of target walls less than 97C (175F). No explosion hazards exhibited by product. No flaming beyond outer dimensions of BESS unit. NO FURTHER TESTING REQUIRED Cell Level Test
26、 a Data for Next Level of Testing: Voltage vs. State of Charge Thermal runway method Module Level Test b Data for Next Level of Testing: External flaming and flying debris hazards Locations of Flame venting Unit Level Test c Data for Next Level of Testing: Heat release rate Gas generation and compos
27、ition Deflagration and flying debris hazards Installation Level Test d (with fire mitigation strategies) REPORTED INFORMATION su3069b JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2 Units of Measurement 2.1 Values s
28、tated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are a soft conversion. 3 References 3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this Test Method shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3.2 The followi
29、ng model codes or standards are referenced in this Test Method. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) ASHRAE 34 Designation and Safety Classication of Refrigerants ASTM International ASTM E681 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability
30、of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) European Standards EN 15967 Determination of Maximum Explosion Pressure and the Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise of Gases and Vapours Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE C2 National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) International Code Council (ICC)
31、International Fire Code (IFC) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes and Standards NFPA 1 Fire Code NFPA 68 Standard on Explosion Protection by Deagration Venting NFPA 70 National Electrical Code NFPA 220 Standard on Types of Building Construction JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A 7UL COPYRIGHTED MA
32、TERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standards UL 1685 Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation and Smoke-Release Test for Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables UL 1973 Batteries for Use in Stationary, Vehicle Auxiliary Power and Light Electric Rail (LER)
33、Applications UL 9540 Energy Storage Systems and Equipment 4 Glossary 4.1 For the purpose of these requirements, the following denitions apply. 4.2 BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (BESS) Stationary equipment that receives electrical energy and then utilizes batteries to store that energy for later use
34、in order to supply electrical energy when needed. The BESS consists of one or more modules, a power conditioning system (PCS) and balance of plant components. a) INITIATING BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM UNIT (INITIATING BESS) A BESS unit which has been equipped with resistance heaters in order to cr
35、eate the internal re condition necessary for the installation level test (Section 8). b) TARGET BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM UNIT (TARGET BESS) The enclosure and/or rack hardware that physically supports and/or contains the components that comprise a BESS. The target BESS unit does not contain ener
36、gy storage components, but serves to enable instrumentation to measure the thermal exposure from the initiating BESS. 4.3 CELL The basic functional electrochemical unit containing an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, separators, container, and terminals. It is a source of electrical energy by dir
37、ect conversion of chemical energy. 4.4 DUT Device under test. 4.5 ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE HEATERS Devices that convert electrical energy supplied from a laboratory source into thermal energy. 4.6 FLEXIBLE FILM HEATERS Electrical resistance heaters of a lm, tape or otherwise thin sheet like constructio
38、n that easily conform to the surface of cells. 4.7 MODULE A subassembly that is a component of a BESS that consists of a group of cells or electrochemical capacitors connected together either in a series and/or parallel conguration (sometimes referred to as a block) with or without protective device
39、s and monitoring circuitry. 4.8 STATE OF CHARGE (SOC) The available capacity in a BESS, pack, module or cell expressed as a percentage of rated capacity. JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A 8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4.9 THERMAL RUN
40、AWAY The incident when an electrochemical cell increases its temperature through self-heating in an uncontrollable fashion. The thermal runaway progresses when the cells generation of heat is at a higher rate than the heat it can dissipate. This may lead to re, explosion and gas evolution. 4.10 UNIT
41、 A frame, rack or enclosure that consists of a functional BESS which includes components and subassemblies such a cells, modules, battery management systems, ventilation devices and other ancillary equipment. CONSTRUCTION 5 General 5.1 Cell 5.1.1 The design of the cells associated with the BESS that
42、 were tested shall be documented in the test report, including general cell chemistry, the physical format of the cell (i.e. prismatic, cylindrical, pouch), cell electrical rating in capacity and nominal voltage, the overall dimensions of the cell, and weight. 5.1.2 The cell documentation included i
43、n the test report shall indicate if the cells associated with the BESS comply with UL 1973. 5.2 Module 5.2.1 The design of the modules associated with an BESS that were tested shall be documented in the test report, including the generic (e.g., metallic or nonmetallic) enclosure material, the genera
44、l layout of the module contents and the electrical conguration of the cells in the modules and the modules in the BESS. 5.2.2 The module documentation included in the test report shall indicate if the modules associated with the BESS comply with UL 1973. 5.3 Battery energy storage system unit 5.3.1
45、The BESS unit documentation included in the test report shall include the manufacturer, model and electrical ratings, including energy capacity of BESS units that comply with UL 9540, including certication information. 5.3.2 For BESS units for which UL 9540 compliance cannot be determined, the docum
46、entation included in the test report shall include number of modules, electrical conguration of the module, and physical layout of the modules, battery management system (BMS) and other major components of the BESS. The BESS enclosure overall dimensions and generic (e.g., metallic or nonmetallic) ma
47、terial used for the enclosure shall be documented. 5.3.3 The details of any re detection and suppression systems associated with the BESS shall be noted in the test report. JUNE 15, 2018 UL 9540A 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM
48、 UL PERFORMANCE 6 Cell Level 6.1 Sample 6.1.1 Cell samples shall be conditioned, prior to testing, through charge and discharge cycles for a minimum of 2 cycles using a manufacturer specied methodology to verify that the cells are functional. Each cycle shall be dened as a charge to 100% SOC and the
49、n to specied end of discharge voltage (EODV). During conditioning a relationship between open circuit voltage and SOC shall be determined through measurement of voltage and SOC. During conditioning the ambient temperature shall be maintained in accordance with the higher of the temperatures derived from Section 6.2.1 or the operating temperature in the cell manufacturers specications. 6.1.
