1、1Unit 3 Computers话题诵读 日积月累导语 随着互联网的影响力和覆盖率的不断扩大，互联网新词也层出不穷。互联网新词在年轻人中流传极广，它们俏皮、逗趣还很接地气。但其中也有一些新词造词格调不高，品位低俗，却被媒体和网友们广泛使用。这种污染网络环境的用语，终究是要被淘汰的。Online RudenessInternet jargon，or “netspeak”，is popular among young people.It can be fun，convenient and，sometimes，vulgar.That vulgarity came under fire in a n
2、ew official report.On Oct 15，the Ministry of Education released a Chinese language report for 2014.While affirming the positive role of some netspeak catchwords，the report also called for the regulation of the offensive Internet lingo.According to the report，words like diaosi，or loser，epitomize the
3、rude netspeak that has blanketed the Internet.Even some media outlets are using these words，said the report.“These vulgar words amplify the negative emotions of some Web users and pollute the online community， ” said an opinion piece by Xinhua.Behind every trend lies a social or psychological need，t
4、hough.The popularity of the vulgar Internet lingo results from a tendency that the use of these vulgar words is seen as a means of entertainment，the Workers Daily pointed out.Not all netspeak catchwords are bad.Lots of them enrich and enliven our language，noted the Workers Daily.With the rapid devel
5、opment of the Internet，imaginative Web users created netspeak that is positive and inspiring，such as dianzan or “thumbsup” ，said Xinhua.These words even entered official speeches.“I would like to give a thumbsup to all our great people， ” said President Xi Jinping during his New Year greetings for 2
6、015.Some netspeak words were born out of social events，mirroring the pulse of society.The catchphrase najiaqiang，which means “which one is the best”，is one example.In September 2014，a group scuffle involving a Shandongbased technical school made national headlines.Najiaqiang instantly became a hit a
7、fter Web users rushed to change the schools catchy slogan from “Which school teaches the best digger operating skills？” ，to“Which school is the best for group scuffle？”The word najiaqiang may be just a harmless joke，but vulgar netspeak can really harm society.Fighting it requires the efforts of both
8、 authorities and individual Web users，said Xinhua.词海拾贝1jargon n行话2vulgar adj.粗俗的3offensive adj.无礼的，令人不快的24epitomize v集中体现5amplify v扩大，放大6scuffle n混战问题思考1Which of the following has the same meaning with netspeak in the passage?ACatchwords. BLanguage.CInternet jargon. DVulgar words.答案：C2What do you th
9、ink of the rude netspeak？Discuss with your classmates.(不提供答案)自主预习 步步提高词汇识记.将单词与其正确释义配对1calculate A简化2universal B完全地；整个地3simplify C普遍的；通用的；宇宙的4logical D真实；事实；现实5technology E人造的；假的6artificial F探索；探测；探究7intelligent G解决；解答8solve H工艺；科技；技术9reality I合逻辑的；合情理的10totally J计算11application K智能的；聪明的12explore L应
10、用；用途；申请答案：1.J 2.C 3.A 4.I 5.H 6.E 7.K 8.G 9.D10B 11.L 12.F.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_ n目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分2_ v& n.发信号；信号3_ v& n.类型；打字4_ vi.出现；发生5_ adj.电子的答案：1.goal 2.signal 3.type 4.arise 5.electronic.根据语境及首字母写出正确的单词1With his hard work，he finally achieved his life g_2No matter how far it is，Ill go there a_3The best
11、 way to escape a problem is to s_ it.4H_lies in giving help to others.5Let me c_the t_cost of the journey.6He reduced his needs to the minimum by s_his life.7With the help of the o_，I finally got through to the professor.8His a_for the job was finally accepted by the company.9As an explorer，he wants
12、 to e_the desert alone.310In his p_opinion，he should live an active life to make his life meaningful.答案：1.goal 2.anyhow 3.solve 4.Happiness5calculate total 6.simplifying 7.operator8application 9.explore 10.personal.选用短语的适当形式完成句子from then on；as a result；so.that；go by；in a way；in common；compare.with；w
13、ith the help of；watch over；deal with1Hardly a day _ when I dont think about her.2_ with many mothers，she feels torn between her family and her work.3We were separated after the film，and _，I never saw her again.4_ our small apartment，our uncles house seemed like a palace.5_，it was one of our biggest
14、mistakes.6She is used to _ all kinds of people in her job.7The construction work has to stop _ of the heavy rain.8All the villagers were moved to safety _ the PLA men.9They took turns to _ the children.10_ fat was he _ he couldnt go through the door.答案：1.goes by 2.In common 3.from then on4Compared w
15、ith 5.In a way 6.dealing with7as a result 8.with the help of 9.watch over10So that语篇理解课文表层理解.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)1Although the computer was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes，it could not “think” logically.( )2First as a laptop and then as a PC，the computer has been used in offices and
16、homes since the 1970s.( )3The computers memory was first stored on transistors，then in tubes and later on very small chips.( ) 4Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for the computer.( )5The use of the computer is to provide humans with a life of high quality.( )答案：1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.
17、T.读课文，回答问题1In what order is this passage arranged? In the order of _.2Who is the speaker “I” in the passage?_3How do you think this article is written in the first person?_4Fill in the blank with the words from the second paragraph.The computers shape was greatly changed _ the memory stored in 4smal
18、ler and smaller space.5Why do “I” feel very happy now according to the last paragraph?_答案：1.time 2.A computer. 3.It can make the article more effective to understand and attract the readers. 4.as a result of 5.Because “I” am a helper and devoted friend of the human race.根据课文内容完成下表1642 The computer b
19、egan as a 1._machine1822 The 2._machine was built by Charles Babbageand it was the start of 3._intelligence1936 Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work as a 4._machine1940sBecause information can be stored in tubes, or on5_and later on very small 6._， computers becam
20、e smaller1960s The first family of computers was 7._to each other by a 8._1970s Computers were used in offices and 9._now Computers 10._people all over the world together答案：1.calculating 2.analytical 3.artificial 4.universal 5.transistors 6.chips 7.connected work 9.homes10connect课文深层理解 .读课文，完成下列各题1W
21、hat is the main idea of the passage?The passage is a short _ of the _ of computers.2Find out the key sentence of each paragraph：_答案：1.history development2Over time I have been changed quite a lot.These changes only became possible as my memory improved.Since the 1970s many new applications have been
22、 found for me.仔细阅读课文，选择最佳选项1What is the oldest calculator in the world?ACalculator. BAbacus. CPC.2What might you usually use to add many numbers up in an exam?APC. BHuge computer. CCalculator.3In our daily life，which is widely used to deal with a large amount of information?ARobot. BLaptop. CAbacus.
23、4What do you think of the future computers?5ASmaller and smarter.BLarger and faster.CSmaller but slower.5If you want to send a long letter to your friend，the best way is _Aby telephone Bby plane Cby email答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语1I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred yea
24、rs before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage._2By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room，and I wondered if I would grow any larger._3As time went by，I was made smaller._4Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me._5Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a l
25、ife of high quality._答案：1.我发展非常缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。2到 20 世纪 40 年代，我已经有一个房间那么大，我想知道我是否会变得更大。3随着时间的推移，我被制作得越来越小了。4自从 20 世纪 70 年代开始，人们发现了我的许多新用途。5不管怎样，我的目标是给人们提供高质量的生活。知识聚焦 讲练互动要点直击1have.in common 有共同点；共享(教材原句 P17)In pairs discuss what they have in common.两人一组，讨论一下它们有什么相同之处。归纳拓展have sth in
26、common (with sb)(和某人)有共同之处have nothing in common 无共同之处have little in common 几乎无共同之处have a lot in common 有很多共同之处in common with sb 和某人一样(1)Mandy and Tom seem to have a lot in common.曼蒂和汤姆似乎有很多共同的地方。(2)He has something in common with you.他有些地方和你很像。(3)_ many young people，he likes pop music，too.和许多年轻人一样，
27、他也喜欢流行音乐。(4)Although they are brothers，they have _6虽然他们是亲兄弟，但没有什么共同之处。答案：(3)In common with (4)nothing in common即学即练根据语境用 common 的相关短语完成句子。(1)But there might be other things they shared in common _us.(2)To my surprise，the twins have _ in common with each other.答案：(1)with (2)nothing2calculate vt.计算；核算
28、；预测；推测(教材原句 P18)I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.1642 年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。归纳拓展calculate on 指望；依靠calculate on sb/sth doing sth 期待某人/某物会be calculated to do sth 打算或计划做某事It (is) has been calculated that.据估算calculation n计算；推断；估计calculator n计算器(1)We _ having fine weather for the sports meeti
29、ng.我们指望有好天气开运动会。(2)This advertisement _ the attention of housewives.这则广告的目的在于吸引家庭主妇们的注意力。答案：(1)calculate on (2)is calculated to attract语境串记The calculator is a machine which can help us do a lot of calculations.计算器是能帮我们做很多计算的机器。即学即练用 calculate 的适当形式填空。(1)We have to use a _ to help us.(2)It _ that mor
30、e than thirty thousand people were invited by them.答案：(1)calculator (2)has been calculated3solve vt.解答；解决(教材原句 P18)In 1936 my real father，Alan Turning，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.在 1936 年，我真正的父亲，艾伦图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使
31、我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。归纳拓展solution n解决办法；处理手段a solution to sth的解决方法(1)I think this problem is not difficult _我认为这个问题不难解决。(2)Theres no easy solution to this problem.解决这个问题没有容易的方法。(3)It may take a long time to find _ the problem.7要找到解决这个问题的办法也许要花很长时间。答案：(1)to solve (3)a solution to【巧学妙记】 英语中有些名词常与介词 to
32、 连用，可用以下口诀巧记这些名词：钥匙答案解决办法，出口入口桥与路，参观介绍纪念碑。对应的词：key，answer，solution，exit，entrance，bridge，way，visit，introduction，monument。易混辨析solve/settle易混词 区别solve表示“解决” ，侧重于给出一个答案。Attempts are being made by us to solve the problem of waste disposal.我们正在想办法解决废物处理的问题。settle表示“解决” ，其对象通常是某种争端。常见搭配：settle a dispute/an
33、 argument/a matter 解决争端/争论/事情There is only one way to settle the dispute between the two countries about the border.只有一种方法去解决两国间的边界争端。即学即练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。There are no simple _ (solve) to the problem.(2)选词填空：solve/settle。Its difficult for me to _ the problem.Lets turn to our teacher for help.Its impos
34、sible to _ the argument between them.They have been enemies for many years.答案：(1)solutions (2)solve settle4as a result 结果(单独使用，其后不接宾语，可以位于句首或句中)(教材原句 P18)As a result I totally changed my shape.结果我的形状完全改变了。归纳拓展as a result of 作为的结果with the result that 结果是result from 由造成；因而产生result in 引起(某种结果)；使获得(某种成果
35、)；结果(1)It doesnt often rain in the summer here._，we have to water the vegetable garden.这儿夏天不常下雨，因此，我们不得不给菜园浇水。(2)_ the pilots strike，all flights have had to be cancelled.由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。(3)Sara wasnt at school last week，with the result that she missed an important test.8萨拉上星期没上学，结果错过了一次重要考试。(4)Ac
36、ting before thinking always _ failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。(5)His success _ his hard work.他的成功是他努力工作的结果。答案：(1)As a result (2)As a result of (4)results in (5)results from即学即练用适当的介词填空。(1)He studied hard，and _ a result，he passed the exam.(2)The flight was delayed as a result _ fog.(3)Nothing has resulted _ my
37、efforts.答案：(1)as (2)of (3)from5application n应用；用途；申请(教材原句 P18)Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.从 20 世纪 70 年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。归纳拓展have a wide application in在中得到广泛应用make an application(to sb for sth)(向)申请(某物)(1)I would greatly appreciate it if you could kindly consider my ap
38、plication.如果你能考虑我的申请，我会很感激的。(2)The touch panel technology _ IT industry.触摸屏技术在信息工业上得到广泛应用。归纳拓展apply for 申请apply to 适用于；向申请apply.to.将应用于apply oneself/ones mind to 专心于(to 为介词)(3)The new technology _ farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。(4)What I have said only _ some of you.我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人。答案：(2)has a wide applicati
39、on in (3)was applied to (4)applies to即学即练单句语法填空。(1)Why didnt you _ (application) for the job?I was going to，but my friend offered me a better one.(2)We received 400 _ (apply) for the job.9(3)The poor man has made _ application to the court.答案：(1)apply (2)applications (3)an6anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此(教材原句
40、P18)Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。巧记any(任何的)how(怎样的)anyhow，任何怎样都行，就是“不管怎样” 。(1)Anyhow/Anyway，you should have told him about all the facts of the matter.不管怎样，你应该把这件事的真相都告诉他。(2)_，we must finish the work today.无论如何，今天我们必须完成这项工作。(3)This idea probab
41、ly wont work，but lets try it anyway.这种想法可能行不通，不过咱们可以试试。答案：(2)Anyhow/Anyway易混辨析anyhow/somehow易混词 区别anyhow表示“随便地；无论如何，反正；不管怎样” 。Anyhow，lets try again.不管怎样，我们再试一次吧。somehow表示“以某种方式；或者不知为什么” 。常用 somehow or other 形式。Somehow we lost our way.不知怎么的，我们迷路了。Somehow or other，the baby burst into tears.那个婴儿不知为什么大哭
42、起来了。即学即练选词填空：somehow/anyhow。(1)_ or other I was able to solve the problem myself.(2)It may rain，but _ I shall go out.答案：(1)Somehow (2)anyhow7signal v(发)信号；示意(教材原句 P23)For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for
43、 a goal.例如，当我无人防守，可以好好射一个球的时候，我已学会用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。(1)n.信号归纳拓展traffic signals 交通信号a danger/warning signala signal of danger/warning 危险/警告信号10make/give a signal 发信号A red light is a signal of danger，which is even known to a fiveyearold child.红灯是危险的信号，这一点就连五岁的孩子都知道。She _ with her arm for a left turn.她用
44、胳膊做了一个左转的手势。(2)vi. & vt.发信号归纳拓展signal to sb 向某人示意或发信号signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事signal (to) sb that.(向)发送信号说The diner _ the waiters _ the menu.用餐者示意服务员把菜单拿来。She signaled to the other girls that everything was all right.她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。答案：made a signal signaled (to) to bring【助记】信号 发信号易混辨析signal/s
45、ymbol/sign/mark易混词 区别signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号，还可指信号灯symbol 表示“象征”或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物sign 指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指“征兆，迹象”mark 既可指为方便辨认而有意做的“标记” ，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征即学即练(1)选词填空：signal/symbol/sign/mark。Sir，you are forbidden not to walk your pet on the lawn.Dont you see the _ “Keep off the grass”？The sportsmen are all ready，waiting for the _ to start running.He made some _ in the article where
