2019高考数学一轮复习第四章三角函数4.3三角恒等变换练习文.doc

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1、14.3 三角恒等变换考纲解读考点 内容解读 要求 高考示例 常考题型 预测热度1.两角和与差的三角公式1.会用向量的数量积推导出两角差的余弦公式2.会用两角差的余弦公式推导两角和与差的其他三角公式并了解它们之间的内在联系3.能正用、逆用或变形用公式进行求值、化简和证明2017课标全国,15;2017江苏,5;2016课标全国,14;2015重庆,6;2015湖南,17;2015浙江,42.二倍角公式1.会用两角和与差的三角公式推导二倍角公式并了解它们之间的内在联系2.能正用、逆用或变形用公式进行求值、化简和证明2017课标全国,42017山东,4;2016课标全国,6;2016浙江,11;2

2、015广东,16选择题、填空题、解答题分析解读两角和与差的三角公式及二倍角公式一直是高考数学的热点内容之一,全面考查两角和与差及二倍角公式的综合应用:1.以两角和与差的三角公式为基础,求三角函数的值或化简三角函数式;2.二倍角公式是热点和难点,要理解“倍角”的含义,注意“倍角”的相对性,并能灵活应用;3.与两角和与差的三角公式及二倍角公式有关的综合问题一般先把三角函数式化成y=Asin(x+)+B的形式,再讨论三角函数的性质.常以解答题的形式出现,与解三角形问题结合在一起,分值约为12分,属于中档题目.五年高考考点一 两角和与差的三角公式1.(2015重庆,6,5分)若tan = ,tan(+

3、)= ,则tan =( )13 12A. B. C. D.17 16 57 56答案 A 2.(2017江苏,5,5分)若tan = ,则tan = .(-4) 16答案 7523.(2016课标全国,14,5分)已知是第四象限角,且sin = ,则tan = .(+4) 35 (-4)答案 -434.(2016浙江,11,6分)已知2cos 2x+sin 2x=Asin(x+)+b(A0),则A= ,b= .答案 ;12教师用书专用(58)5.(2014江西,16,12分)已知函数f(x)=(a+2cos 2x)cos(2x+)为奇函数,且f =0,其中aR,(0,).(4)(1)求a,的值

4、;(2)若f =- , ,求sin 的值.(4) 25 (2,) (+3)解析 (1)因为f(x)=(a+2cos 2x)cos(2x+)是奇函数,而y=a+2cos 2x为偶函数,所以y=cos(2x+)为奇函数,又(0,),所以= ,所以f(x)=-sin 2x(a+2cos 2x),2由f =0得-(a+1)=0,即a=-1.(4)(2)由(1)得,f(x)=- sin 4x,因为f =- sin =- ,所以sin = ,又 ,从而cos =- ,12 (4) 12 25 45 (2,) 35所以有sin =sin cos +cos sin = .(+3) 3 34-33106.(20

5、14浙江,18,14分)在ABC中,内角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c.已知4sin 2 +4sin Asin B=2+ .-2 2(1)求角C的大小;(2)已知b=4,ABC的面积为6,求边长c的值.解析 (1)由已知得21-cos(A-B)+4sin Asin B=2+ ,2化简得-2cos Acos B+2sin Asin B= ,2故cos(A+B)=- ,22所以A+B= ,从而C= .34 4(2)由S ABC = absin C=6,b=4,C= ,得a=3 .12 4 2由余弦定理c 2=a2+b2-2abcos C,得c= .107.(2014广东,16,12分)已知函数

6、f(x)=Asin ,xR,且 f = .(+3) (512) 322(1)求A的值;3(2)若f()-f(-)= , ,求f .3 (0,2) (6-)解析 (1)由f = ,得Asin = Asin = A= A=3.(512) 322 (512+3) 322 34 322 22 322(2)由f()-f(-)= ,3得3sin -3sin = ,(+3) (-+3) 3即3sin +3sin = ,(+3) (-3) 3化简整理得6sin cos = ,3 33sin = ,sin = .333 ,cos = ,(0,2) 63f =3sin =3sin =3cos = .(6-) (6

7、-+3) (2-) 68.(2013北京,15,13分)已知函数f(x)=(2cos 2x-1)sin 2x+ cos 4x.12(1)求f(x)的最小正周期及最大值;(2)若 ,且f()= ,求的值.(2,) 22解析 (1)因为f(x)=(2cos 2x-1)sin 2x+ cos 4x12=cos 2xsin 2x+ cos 4x12= (sin 4x+cos 4x)12= sin ,22 (4+4)所以f(x)的最小正周期为 ,最大值为 .2 22(2)因为f()= ,22所以sin =1.(4+4)因为 ,(2,)所以4+ .4 (94,174)所以4+ = .故= .452 916

8、考点二 二倍角公式1.(2017课标全国,4,5分)已知sin -cos = ,则sin 2=( )434A.- B.- C. D.79 29 29 79答案 A 2.(2017山东,4,5分)已知cos x= ,则cos 2x=( )34A.- B. C.- D.14 14 18 18答案 D 3.(2016课标全国,6,5分)若tan =- ,则cos 2=( )13A.- B.- C. D.45 15 15 45答案 D 4.(2013四川,14,5分)设sin 2=-sin , ,则tan 2的值是 .(2,)答案 35.(2015广东,16,12分)已知tan =2.(1)求tan

9、的值;(+4)(2)求 的值.sin22+sincos-cos2-1解析 (1)因为tan =2,所以tan = = =-3.(+4)tan+tan41-tantan4 2+11-21(2)因为tan =2,所以sin22+sincos-cos2-1=2sincos2+sincos-(2-2)-(2+2)= = = =1.2sincos2+sincos-222tan2+tan-22222+2-2教师用书专用(69)6.(2013江西,3,5分)若sin = ,则cos =( )2 33A.- B.- C. D.23 13 13 23答案 C 57.(2013课标全国,6,5分)已知sin 2=

10、 ,则cos 2 =( )23 (+4)A. B. C. D.16 13 12 23答案 A 8.(2014陕西,13,5分)设0cos2 - 成立的的取值范围为( )2 2 2127A. B. C. D.(4,2) (,54) (4,) (54,32) (4,) (4,54)答案 D 9.(2018福建德化一中等三校联考,8)已知sin 2= ,则cos 2 =( )45 (+4)A. B. C. D.16 110 15 45答案 B 10.(2017陕西榆林二模,8)若cos = ,则cos 的值为( )(8-) 16 (34+2)A. B.- C. D.-1718 1718 1819 1

11、819答案 A 11.(2017辽宁六校联考,6)若 ,且3cos 2=sin ,则sin 2的值为( )(2,) (4-)A. B.- C. D.-118 118 1718 1718答案 D 12.(2016山西康杰中学模拟,4)已知tan =2,则cos 2的值是( )A.- B. C.- D.45 45 35 35答案 C 13.(2018河南信阳第一次质检,17)已知sin -2cos =0.2 2(1)求tan x的值;(2)求 的值.cos22cos(4+)sin解析 (1)由sin -2cos =0可得tan =2.2 2 2所以tan x= = =- .2tan21-22221

12、-22 43(2) = = = +1=1- = .cos22cos(4+)sin 2-2(cos-sin)sincos+sinsin cossin 3414B组 20162018年模拟提升题组(满分:55分 时间:45分钟)一、选择题(每小题5分,共25分)81.(2018宁夏银川一中月考,6)函数f(x)=cos 2x+sin 的最小值是( )(2+)A.-2 B.- C.- D.098 78答案 B 2.(2018湖北四地七校期中联考,7)已知、均为锐角,sin = ,tan(-)= ,则tan =( )35 13A. B. C.3 D.139 913 13答案 A 3.(2018山东师大

13、附中二模,6)已知- .(6分)1312 (0,2) (0,2)(2)由(1)得tan(+)= =1,又+(0,),tan+tan1-tantan+= .(8分)4, ,(0,2)+,+(0,),00)个单位,得到一个偶函数的图象,则的最小值为( )3A. B. C. D.3 4 6 12答案 D 9.(2018吉林第一次调研,20)已知函数f(x)=2sin xcos + .(+3) 32(1)求函数f(x)的单调递减区间;(2)求函数f(x)在区间 上的最大值及最小值.0,2解析 (1)f(x)=2sin xcos +(+3) 32=2sin x +(12cos- 32sin) 32=si

14、n xcos x- sin2x+332= sin 2x- +12 3(1-cos2)2 32= sin 2x+ cos 2x12 32=sin .(2+3)由 +2k2x+ +2k,kZ得 +kx +k,kZ,2 3 32 12 712所以f(x)的单调递减区间是 ,kZ.12+,712+(2)由0x 得 2x+ ,2 3 3 43所以- sin 1.32 (2+3)所以当x= 时, f(x)取得最小值 - ;当x= 时, f(x)取得最大值 1.2 32 1210.(2017湖南衡阳八中、长郡中学等十三校二模,17)已知函数f(x)=cos xsin + cos2x-(-3) 3(0,xR)

15、,且函数y=f(x)图象的一个对称中心到最近的对称轴的距离为 .34 4(1)求的值及f(x)图象的对称轴方程;(2)在ABC中,角A,B,C的对边分別为a,b,c.若f(A)= ,sin C= ,a= ,求b的值.34 13 3解析 f(x)=cos xsin + cos2x-(-3) 3 34=cos x + cos2x-(12sin- 32cos) 3 3412= sin xcos x+ cos2x-12 32 34= sin 2x+ (1+cos 2x)-14 34 34= sin 2x+ cos 2x14 34= sin .12 (2+3)(1)由函数y=f(x)图象的一个对称中心到最近的对称轴的距离为 ,得 T= ,所以T=,由 =,解得=1.4 14 4 22故f(x)= sin ,12 (2+3)由2x+ = +k(kZ),得x= + (kZ).32 122故f(x)图象的对称轴方程为x= + (kZ).122(2)由(1)知f(A)= sin = ,12 (2+3) 34即sin = .(2+3) 32A(0,),A= .6由sin C= ,C(0,),得C ,1312 6故cos C= .223sin B=sin(A+C)=sin Acos C+cos Asin C= ,3+226由正弦定理得b= = .sinsin 3+263

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