七年级数学上册第二章有理数2.7有理数的减法教案(新版)华东师大版.doc

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1、12.7 有理数的减法教学目标:1.熟练掌握有理数减法的法则;2.在学会减法运算法则的基础上,学会如何进行有理数加减混合运算。重点:有理数减法法则;难点:有理数加减混合运算教学过程:一、课堂引入珠穆朗玛峰和吐鲁番盆地的海拔高度分别是 8844 米和-155 米,问珠穆朗玛峰比吐鲁番盆地高多少?这一问题通常可列出算式8844-(-155)那么,怎样进行有理数的减法呢?我们不妨先看一个简单的问题:计算(-8)-(-3)根据减法的意义,就是求一个数?使( ? )+(-3)=-8.根据有理数加法运算,有(-5)+(-3)=-8,所以 (-8)-(-3)=-5. 二、课堂探究填空:(-8)+( )=-5

2、容易得到(-8)+(+3)=-5. 比较、两式,我们发现:-8“减去-3”与“加上+3”结果是相等的.即(-8)-(-3)=(-8)+(+3)有理数减法法则:减去一个数等于加上这个数的相反数。三、例题讲解例计算:(1)(-32)-(+5); (2)7.3-(-6.8);(3)(-2)-(-25); (4)12-21 .(1)略(2)略(注意:两处必须同时改变符号.)2(3)(-2)-(-25)=(-2)+25=23 .(4)12-21 = 12+(-21)= -9 .四、课堂练习1. 下列括号内各应填什么数?(1)(+2)-(-3)=(-2)+( );(2)0 - (-4)= 0 +( );(3)(-6)- 3 =(-6)+( );(4)1 - (+39) = 1 +( ).【答案】(1)+5(2)+4(3)-3(4)-392. 计算:(1) (+3)-(-2);(2) (-1)-(+2);(3) 0-(-3);(4) 1-5;(5) (-23)-(-12);(6) (-1.3)-2.6;【答案】 (1)5(2)-3(3)3(4)-4(5)-11(6)-3.9五、课堂小结六、布置作业习题 2.7 第 1,2,3 题.

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