1、PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,语法专题（三） 代词,1.分类: 人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。详见下表:,考点一 人称代词,【中考考点】 (1)人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及用法。 (2)反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。 (3)不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。,me,us,you,you,him,she,it,they,2.用法You cannot eat your cake and have it. 鱼与熊掌,不可兼得。 Tell him to call back a little later. 告诉他过一会儿再打电话来。 Who gave out the news? 谁把消息传出
2、去的? Its I/me.是我。,【拓展】 (1)几个人称代词并列时的次序(2)it的用法 可代替前面提到过的事物,也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。 This is a watch. It is new. 这是一块手表。它是新的。,指时间、天气、距离等。 Its eight oclock in the evening. 现在是晚上8点钟。 What are you going to do on Sunday? 周日你们打算做什么? If it is cool, we will go climbing with our friends. 如果天气凉爽,我们将和朋友去爬山。,可代替动词不定式作句
3、中的形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式中。 Its+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.(it作形式主语) sb. find(s)/think(s) it+adj.+to do sth.(it作形式宾语) Take it easy. (it用于固定句式中) 放轻松。hard for me the homework on time.对我而言,按时完成作业有困难。 We think it helpful a walk after supper. 我们认为晚饭后散步有益。 him three days to finish reading the book.他花了三天时
4、间读完了那本书。,考点二 物主代词,1.分类 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表:,mine,yours,his,its,2.用法(1)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,只能用于名词前作定语,起形容词的作用。 (2)名词性物主代词可单独使用,起名词的作用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 This computer is his.=This is his computer. 这是他的电脑。 注意 物主代词前不能再用a, an, the, this, that等词来修饰,如my book前面不能再加a。,【助记】 形物不孤单,且在名词前; 名物单
5、独用,后不跟名词。,考点三 反身代词,1.分类 反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表:,myself,yourselves,itself,themselves,2.用法 (1)反身代词在句中用作宾语或表语(不能单独用作主语),和句中的主语相呼应,表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。 God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。 I am not feeling myself today. 今天我感觉不舒服。 (2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。 Mary herself worked out the problem. 玛丽
6、自己解决了这个问题。 I want to see Jim himself.我想见吉姆本人。,3.固定搭配 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下随便吃/喝/用 by oneself 单独地过得快乐;玩得开心 learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学伤害某人自己,come to oneself 苏醒 say to oneself 心里想;自言自语 make oneself at home 别拘束 lose oneself in 沉迷于 look after oneself 保重 look at oneself in a mirror 照镜子,help
7、oneself to,enjoy oneself,hurt oneself,考点四 指示代词,1.分类 指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语。指示代词有:,2.用法 (1)this, that可用于电话用语中,this指代自己,that则指代对方。 Hello! This is Jane. 喂!我是简。 Is that Mike?你是迈克吗? Who is that?你是谁? (2)it, one, that的用法区别 为了避免重复,可以用it, one, that代替上文出现的名词,具体用法如下: it用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况;代替可数名词单数或
8、不可数名词。 She enjoyed the story because it was very interesting. 她喜欢这个故事,因为它很有趣。 The food is delicious. I like it very much. 食物很可口,我很喜欢。,one用于避免重复可数名词单数。它既可代替事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,也可以代替人;其复数形式为ones,其所有格形式为ones, 如save ones life 拯救某人的生命; do ones best尽某人的最大努力。 My sweater is very old. Ill buy a new one. 我的毛衣很旧了。我要
9、买一件新的。 The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine. 绿色铅笔是你的,红色铅笔是我的。 that可以代替物,但不能代替人。它既可以代替可数名词单数,也可以代替不可数名词,其复数形式为those。 The population of the city is much larger than that of the town. 城市的人口比镇上的人口多很多。 The apples in the box are different from those on the table. 箱子里的苹果与桌上的苹果不同。,(3)this,
10、that, these, those的用法区别 this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。 I shall say this to you: He is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。 He fell ill. That is why he didnt come. 他病了,那就是他没来的原因。 He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。,考点五 不定代词,1.定义 不指明代替任何特定名词或形
11、容词的代词称为不定代词。不定代词大多可以代替名词或形容词,多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词:some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, a lot of, lots of以及some-, any-, no-, every-与-thing, -body或-one构成的复合不定代词。,2.常用的意义相近的不定代词辨析 (1)few, a few与little, a littleHe has fri
12、ends,but he has good friends. 他有一些朋友,但是他几乎没有好朋友。 Theres still meat at home, but theres bread. 家里还有点儿肉,但是几乎没有面包了。,a few,few,a little,little,(2)some与any 两者均表示“一些”,既可以代替或修饰可数名词复数,也可以代替或修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句。 在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。 Would you like ? 你想来点儿茶吗? Will you pleas
13、e get for me? 请你帮我弄点儿水好吗? (3)(the) other, (the) others与another other泛指“另外的”,不能单独使用,后接名词。 others等于“other+可数名词复数”,泛指别的人或物。 the other(+可数名词单数)指“两者中的另一个”,常用于“one, and the other”结构。 the others等于“the other+可数名词复数”,表示“其余所有的人或物”。,some tea,some water,another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。 Do you have any other ideas? 你有别
14、的想法吗? I have two brothers. is a doctor, and is a teacher. 我有两个兄弟。一个是医生,另一个是教师。 He is always ready to help . 他总是乐意帮助别人。 Five of them are in the classroom.What about ? 他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢? Dont lose heart.Have try. 别灰心,再试一次。,One,the other,others,the others,another,(4)复合不定代词 由some-, any-, every-, no-与-on
15、e, -body, -thing构成的代词称为复合不定代词。,【拓展】 以some-和any-开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文) 修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。 Is there in todays newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗? 复合不定代词作主语视为第三人称单数,其谓语动词用单数形式。 Nobody his name. 没有人知道他的名字。,anything important,knows,反意疑问句中需注意:当主语是everyone/someone/anyone等时,其附加问句的主语通常用they;当主语是e
16、verything/something/anything等时,其附加问句的主语用it。 Everyone is here, arent they? 大家都到齐了,是吗? Everything is free, isnt it? 一切都是免费的,是吗? everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody只用于指人,不能与of 短语连用;every one和any one既可指人也可指物,常与of 短语连用。 Was anyone in the room yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午有人在房间里吗? Now every one of them is havin
17、g fun picking strawberries on the farm. 现在,他们全都在农场开心地摘草莓。,(5)each与everyEach of the students has something to do. 每个学生都有事做。 Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. 他班上的每个学生学习都很用功。,(6)either与neither either意为“(两者中的)任何一个”;neither意为“两者都不”。 两者在句中可作主语、宾语或定语等。 Does either of you know where
18、 I can buy such a pen? 你们两个谁知道我在哪儿能够买到这种钢笔? Will you go there by bus or by bike? 你坐公交车还是骑自行车去那儿? Neither.I will go there by car. 都不,我乘小汽车去。,(7)no one与noneWho is absent from class today? 今天谁上课缺席了? No one, sir. 没人缺席,先生。 None of them is/are in the classroom. 他们当中没有一个人在教室里。 Tickets for Friday?星期五的票呢? So
19、rry, weve got none left. 对不起,一张也没有了。,(8)many与much many表示“很多人或东西”,代替或修饰可数名词复数;much表示“好多”,代替或修饰不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语等。 Many of the mistakes were made because of carelessness. 很多错误是粗心造成的。 I dont have time to do much. 我没有时间做很多的事。 (9)all与both all指“三者或三者以上都”;both指“两者都”。all和both在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。 I know all o
20、f the four British students in their school.他们学校的四名英国学生我都认识。 Would you like this one or that one? 你想要这个还是那个? Both.两个都想要。,考点六 疑问代词,(1)who与whom who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的语态宾语;whom只能作动词的宾语。 Who put the light out before I finished my homework? 谁在我做完作业前把灯熄灭了? Who/Whom do you usually turn to when in trouble? 当你处于
21、困境时,通常向谁求助?,(2)what与which what常泛指“哪一类”;which常指在具体的范围内进行选择。 What color do you like?你喜欢什么颜色? Which color do you like better, pink or purple? 粉红色和紫色,你更喜欢哪一种?,.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Miss Smith put her new dress on, and looked at (she) in the mirror. 2.Is this your sons sweater? No, (he) is on the chair behi
22、nd the desk. 3.This piece of music can touch not only your heart, but also (I). 4.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed (them) very much. 5.Everyone in our class (study) hard every day. 6.Whose book is this? Kates name is on it. It must belong to (she).,herself,his,mine,themselves,studies,
23、her,7.Tom, believing in (you) is the first step on the road to success. 8.Miss Smith, an American lady, has taught (we) English for three years. 9.Paul went to the bookstore with some friends of (he). 10.My sister has a cat. (it) name is Mimi.,yourself,us,his,Its,.句型转换 11.Peters bike is under the bi
24、g tree. (对画线部分提问)is under the big tree? 12.He spent a day finishing the work. (改为同义句)took him a day the work. 13.The blue coat is his. The red coat is his, too. (连成一句)the blue coat the red coat his. 14.Nothing is wrong with him, ? (完成反意疑问句) 15.This is my room and thats his room. (改为同义句) This room is and that room is .,Whose,bike,It,to,finish,Both,and,are,is,it,mine,his,
