1、1Unit 18 Beauty课时练(一) 阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：35 分钟).阅读理解A(2019合肥质检)Theaters of the PastThe Greek TheaterTheaters developed in many parts of Greece. Ancient Greek theaters were built in natural openair sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time. Due to t
2、his, actors placed emphasis on exaggerated (夸张的) action and speech. And colorful symbolic masks and costumes were used.The Medieval TheaterThe Medieval theater started in churches. Thats why medieval plays were about Bible stories. At first, it became a custom for priests (牧师) to act out brief scene
3、s during Christmas and Easter. These acts attracted large crowds. Finally the church refused to allow priests to participate in any such events again, so ordinary people began these performances outside. Performances were set in the town square, with several stage settings around it.The Elizabethan
4、TheaterThe Englands theater developed rapidly in the years following the defeat of the Spanish Armada. The dominant feature of Elizabethan theater was the stage. It has three parts: The fore stage for outside scenes; the inner stage for scenes inside a building; an upper stage or balcony for various
5、 purposes. The reason for this design is that there were no scene changes, or breaks during the play. Very little scenery was used, so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues. This led to a more poetic script, and poets became the main source of script writing.The Restora
6、tion TheaterSome of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were really funny. Many specialized machines were used to create the scene. The stage was a very clever idea, in that on the sides of the stage large back shutters (百叶窗) were painted with the scene.2语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几家过去的剧院。1Wh
7、y were ancient Greek theaters built on hills?ATo hold a large audience.BTo build a big and strong stage.CTo have a better sound effect.DTo emphasize exaggerated performances.解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time”可知，希腊剧院依山而建是为了可以容纳大量的观众，故选 A。2In which the
8、ater could actors voices and speeches help create scenes?AThe Greek Theater.BThe Medieval Theater.CThe Elizabethan Theater.DThe Restoration Theater.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，在伊丽莎白一世时代的剧院里，演员们必须运用声音和对白才能够创造场景，故选 C。3What is special about the Restoration Theater?AColorful masks were used.BThe stage was
9、 smartly designed.CMost of its plays were sorrowful.DOrdinary people were the performers.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The stage was a very clever idea, in that on the sides of the stage large back shutters (百叶窗) were painted with the scene”可知，王朝复辟时期的剧院的特别之处在于其巧妙的舞台设计，故选 B。B(2019昆明质检)Medha Gupta sometimes
10、 felt worried about making the 20minute walk from the corner where the school bus dropped her off to her home in Herndon, Va. especially during the colder months in winter.Her mother, Divya Gupta had a suggestion: Write an app. She was halfkidding, but Medha took the challenge seriously. So she went
11、 to work.The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha to help walkers feel more secure when they are traveling alone. Using the iPhone, a person can program it to send a warning to someone he or she trusts if he or she fails to 3arrive at a destination within a certain time.It was the first
12、iOS app that Medha had created. While she didnt think much would come from the project, her effort caught the eye of judges for the annual Congressional App Challenge, who selected her as the winner for Virginias 10th District.The App Challenge is designed to encourage students to consider careers i
13、n science, technology, engineering, and math by experimenting with coding and computer science. Winning students are invited to attend a reception on Capitol Hill in April and also received 250 in Amazon Web Services credits.Medha said it took her about 40 hours to design, program and test the app.
14、As for her next app? Medhas not certain. She temporarily has her appdevelopment ambitions on_hold because shes busy teaching herself artificial intelligence to help deal with improper words on Facebook. Yes, she knows that there are teams of engineers probably doing the same thing. But she figures i
15、t cant hurt her own part, too.“If we see something wrong with the world, we should do something about it， ” she said. “After all, the only one stopping us from doing something is ourselves.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 Medha Gupta 设计一款手机应用程序的故事。4Why did Medha Gupta feel worried?AIt took a long time to walk hom
16、e.BIt was colder than ever in winter.CIt was unsafe to walk home alone.DIt was difficult to write an app.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据首段的描述，以及第三段首句可知，Medha 有时担心自己放学回家时的安全，因此她设计了应用程序 Safe Travel，它可以使出行者独自出行时感觉更安全，所以选项 C 正确。5What does the underlined phrase “on hold” in Paragraph 6 mean?ADelayed. BDeveloped.CSuspect
17、ed. DSatisfied.解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“because shes busy teaching herself artificial intelligence to help deal with improper words on Facebook”(因为她正在忙着自学人工智能技术，以帮助处理 Facebook 上的不当言论)，同时结合画线词前一句“Medhas not certain”可推断出她暂时把应用程序开发的目标推迟了。所以选项 A 正确。46What is Medhas attitude to the challenge?ACurious. BSensi
18、tive.CUncertain. DOptimistic.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She was halfkidding, but Medha took the challenge seriously. So she went to work”可知，Medha 认真地对待这个挑战，并开始设计。这表明了她面对挑战的乐观态度。7Whats the main idea of the text?AMedha registered for the App Challenge.BMedha designed Safe Travel successfully.CThe App Challe
19、nge directs students how to choose careers.DAn app guides walkers home.解析：选 B 主旨大意题。文章是围绕 Medha 设计手机应用程序 Safe Travel 展开的，讲述了她设计这一应用程序的起因、过程和由此获得的成就，最后一段引用 Medha 自己的话强调她面对研究的态度，所以选项 B 是最佳选项。C(2019成都诊断)Beethoven famously composed several masterpieces while he was deaf, but surely even he would be impr
20、essed with this piece of research.A group led by BCI expert Gernot MllerPutz shows that experiences of quite a different tone can be sounded from BCI. Based on an established BCI method which mainly enables disabled people to write, the team has developed a new application by which music can be comp
21、osed and transferred (转录) onto a musical score (乐谱), just through the power of thought. All you need is a special cap which measures brain waves, the adapted BCI, a kind of software for composing music, and of course a bit of musical knowledge.The basic principle of the BCI method used can be briefl
22、y described: various options, such as letters or notes, pauses, chords, etc. flash by one after the other in a table. If youve received some training and can focus on the desired option while it lights up on a screen in front of you, you cause a minute change in your brain waves. The BCI recognises
23、this change and draws conclusions about the chosen option.18 test people had to “think” melodies onto a musical score. All test subjects were of sound bodily health during the study and had a certain degree of basic musical and compositional knowledge. Following usercentered design 5guidelines, rese
24、archers investigated (调查) the efficiency, the effectiveness and the subjective criteria. The subjective criteria evaluation revealed that users were highly satisfied with the application. “The results of the BCI compositions can really be heard. And what is more important: the test people enjoyed it
25、. The very positive results of the study with bodily healthy test people are the first step in a possible expansion of the BCI composition to patients， ” stresses MllerPutz.“20 years ago, the idea of composing a piece of music using the power of the mind was unimaginable. Now we can do it, but we st
26、ill need a bit more time before BCI is mature enough for daily applications.”语篇解读：本文主要介绍了运用 BCI 谱曲的研究。8What do we know about the new application?AIt consists of four parts.BIts impractical for daily use.CIts based on a new method.DIts hard for users to handle.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，此项应用技术还不足以应用于
27、日常生活中，故选 B。9What should the test subjects do during the test?AWatch a screen attentively.BListen to the composed melodies.CMake options by moving their eyes.DRecord their feelings while composing.解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“If youve received some training and can focus on the desired option while it light
28、s up on a screen in front of you, you cause a minute change in your brain waves”可推知，参与测试的人在测试中应集中注意力看屏幕，故选 A。10What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe test. BThe musical score.CThe study. DThe BCI application.解析：选 D 代词指代题。根据第四段的整体内容可知，本段主要讲的是这种新的应用的测试及反馈，由此可推知，画线词 it 指代的是这种新的
29、应用，故选 D。11Who will benefit most from the new application?ABCI experts. BDisabled musicians.6CMusic studios. DLearners of music.解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据第一段，并结合全文内容可推知，本文所介绍的这种新的应用会使那些像贝多芬一样残疾的音乐人受益，故选 B。D(2019合肥质检)Its not every day that United States history mixes with microbes (微生物) in the soil. But when the
30、 grassland on the National Mall in Washington, DC. was replaced, it offered scientists the opportunity to study changes in the soil beneath.The work focused on the bacteria present in the soil. To the researchers surprise, the communities of microbes did not change a lot before and after the replace
31、ment. These communities in the soil are known as the soil microbiomes (微生物群)“My lab is interested in how microbes can move around in the environment, and how they change and adapt as a result of this movement， ” explains Jo Anne Crouch, the lead author of the study. “We thought that the new imported
32、 turf (草皮) from New Jersey would introduce different communities of bacteria to the National Mall. However, we found that they werent significantly different.”Crouchs work focused on turf grass, defined as a large area of green grass. It is made up of the grass, its roots, and the soil and microbes
33、found with them.Think of the soil microbiomes as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body. When the microbes are out of balance, it can make someone sick. Crouch says its the same for the soil microbiomes. Many of the worst diseases in crops or other environments are linked with
34、 changes in the soil microbiomes.Additionally, Crouch says that even though the changes between the soils were small, scientists are also starting to appreciate that sometimes a really important microbe is a rare one. This means it would be hard to observe but could greatly affect how the groups fun
35、ction as a whole. “Agricultural areas and other natural spaces are easily hurt by negative changes， ” she says. “Microbiomes offer an almost entirely new opportunity to influence interactions among plants and microbes to improve plant productivity and health.”7语篇解读：美国国家广场上的草地被替换后，科学家对其泥土中的微生物进行了研究。1
36、2Why did the researchers feel surprised when they focused on the bacteria in the soil?AMore bacteria appeared in the soil.BMicrobes were replaced obviously.CThe soil microbiomes almost remained stable.DThe soil microbiomes damaged the environment.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，令科学家们吃惊的是，在草地被替换前后，其泥土中的微生物群基
37、本上没有什么大变化，即是稳定的，故选 C。13By studying the turf grass, what did Crouch and her team find?AMicrobes grew faster in their own community.BSoil microbiomes were different in different places.CTurf grass adapted to the environment nearby very soon.DSimilar communities of bacteria were brought by turf grass.解
38、析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We thought that the new imported turf . However, we found that they werent significantly different”可知，科学家通过对草皮的研究发现，草皮中的细菌群并没有很大的不同，故选 D。14Why did the author mention the microbes in the human body?ATo indicate the two play a similar role.BTo prove they are both the causes of dise
39、ases.CTo examine the environments people live in.DTo analyze the changes of human microbes.解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Think of the soil microbiomes as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body”和对本段的整体理解可推知，作者提到人体中的微生物群主要是为了进行类比，即微生物群在泥土和人体中所起到的类似作用，故选 A。15What does Crouch mean in the
40、last paragraph?AMicrobes are still as hard to observe as before.BStudies on microbiomes can be beneficial to agriculture.CScientists are still puzzled about the effect of microbiomes.DToo many microbiomes in the soil mean no harm to plants.解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Agricultural areas and other 8natural
41、spaces . improve plant productivity and health.”，并结合本段的整体内容可推知，Crouch 在本段中所说的话意味着他们对微生物群的研究对农业有一定的积极意义，故选 B。.阅读七选五(2019武汉调研)These days when someone says a computer has a bug (小虫子) in it, usually they mean that theres a problem with one of its programs. Maybe your computer crashed when you were in th
42、e middle of a game. _16_But back in the early days of computers, a woman named Grace Hopper was part of the team that discovered the very first computer bug._17_ She had been invited to help program a new computer, the job of which was to quickly deal with the math problems ships used to find their
43、way. _18_ Then it translated the patterns of holes into the math problems it was supposed to solve.One afternoon in 1947 Hopper and her team were running a program. But the computer wasnt giving them the right results. _19_ They finally ended up taking the computer apart, looking for problems. What
44、did they find? It was a dead moth (飞蛾 )! The moth was blocking some of the holes in the paper no wonder the computer didnt know what to do.Hopper knew that the term “bug” had been used before when there were problems with machines. But this was the first time a computer had ever had a bug. _20_ Some
45、 people think Hopper was the first person to use the word “debug” to mean “get rid of the problems in a computer”AWhat could be wrong?BHopper was a mathematician.CWho had operated the computer?DHopper was a hardworking scientist.EShe thought it was funny that it was a real one.FOr you got an error m
46、essage when you tried to go to a website.GThe computer worked by reading instructions from a long piece of paper with holes in it.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了电脑中 bug 的来历。16.解析：选 F 空前一句表示“当你在玩游戏的时候，或许你的电脑崩溃了” ，根据语境可知，空处应表示电脑出问题的时候。故 F 项“或者当你努力进入一个网站时，你收到了一个错误信息”符合语境。917解析：选 B 根据下一句可知，Hopper 的工作是处理数学问题，由此可以推测，她是
47、数学家。故答案选 B。18解析：选 G 根据空后一句可知，G 项中的“with holes in it”与此相照应，且G 项与空后一句逻辑严密，故答案选 G。19解析：选 A 空前一句讲述了电脑不能给出正确的结果，也就是电脑出现了问题，结合语境可知，空处应在发问“可能是什么出现了问题呢？” ，所以答案选 A。20解析：选 E 上文讲到，在他们使用的电脑里发现了一只飞蛾，这是在电脑里发现的第一只“bug” ，且是一只真正的小虫子，故选 E。课时练(二) 语言知识运用组块专练练准度(限时：30 分钟).完形填空(2019陕西质检二)Steve and Yaser first met in thei
48、r chemistry class. Yaser was an international student from Jordan. He was _1_ to get to know an American. Yaser hoped that he and Steve would _2_ good friends.At first, Steve seemed very friendly. He always greeted Yaser _3_ before class. Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser. He even _4_ Yaser t
49、o have lunch with him. But after the first term was over, Steve seemed _5_. One day Yaser decided to call Steve. Steve didnt seem very _6_ in talking to him. Yaser was hurt by Steves change of attitude.Yaser is a little _7_. He is an outsider to American culture. He doesnt understand the way Americans view _8_. Americans view the word “friend” in a very _9_ way. Americans have school friends, work friends, sports f
