1、An ACI Standard Specification for Hot Weather ConcretingReported by ACI Committee 305ACI 305.1-14First PrintingAugust 2014ISBN: 978-0-87031-916-7Specification for Hot Weather ConcretingCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be r
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10、ndards that it develops.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Pra
11、ctice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331Phone: +1.248.848.3700Fax: +1.248.848.3701www.concrete.orgThis reference specification provides requirements for hot weather concreting that the architect/engineer can apply to any construc-tion project involvin
12、g hot weather concreting by citing it in the project specification. Checklists are provided to assist the architect/engineer in supplementing the provisions of this reference specifi-cation as needed by designating or specifying customized project requirements.This specification includes hot weather
13、 requirements for produc-tion preparations, delivery, placement, finishing, bleed-water evap-oration, curing, and concrete protection. Provisions governing a preplacement conference, concrete mixture proportions, maximum allowable concrete temperature, rate of surface evaporation measurements, evapo
14、ration control measures, and acceptance of a concrete mixture from past field experience or preconstruction testing are also included.The materials, processes, quality control measures, and inspec-tions described in this document should be tested, monitored, or performed as applicable only by indivi
15、duals holding the appro-priate ACI Certifications or equivalent.Keywords: bleeding; curing; evaporation; finishing; mixture propor-tioning; plastic shrinkage cracking; protection period; trial batch.G. Terry Harris Sr., Chair Oscar R. Antommattei, SecretaryACI 305.1-14Specification for Hot Weather C
16、oncretingAn ACI StandardReported by ACI Committee 305James M. AldredGodwin Q. AmekuediPhilip BrandtJames N. Cornell IID. Gene DanielKirk K. DeadrickDarrell F. ElliotMichael FaubelAntonio J. GuerraKenneth C. HoverFrank A. KozeliskiDarmawan LudirdjaDavid R. NauJonathan L. PooleRobert J. RyanBruce G. S
17、mithBoris Y. SteinDiep T. TuConsulting MembersRichard D. GaynorWilliam C. MooreGeorge V. TeodoruACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are compe
18、tent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable f
19、or any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/En
20、gineer.ACI 305.1-14 supersedes ACI 305.1-06 and was adopted June 16, 2014 and published September 2014Copyright 2014, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by elect
21、ronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual repro-duction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.CONTENTS(mandatory portion follows)SECTION 1GENERAL, p. 21.1Scope,
22、p. 21.2Definitions, p. 21.3Reference Standards, p. 21.4Submittals, p. 21.5Quality assurance, quality control, and acceptance of work, p. 3SECTION 2PRODUCTS, p. 32.1General, p. 3SECTION 3EXECUTION, p. 33.1General, p. 33.2Maximum temperature of fresh concrete at time of discharge, p. 33.3Qualification
23、 of concrete mixture, p. 33.4Concrete production and delivery, p. 43.5Concrete placement and finishing, p. 43.6Concrete bleed-water evaporation, p. 43.7Concrete curing, p. 43.8Concrete protection, p. 4(nonmandatory portion follows)1SECTION 1GENERAL1.1Scope1.1.1 This specification covers requirements
24、 for hot weather concrete construction.1.1.2 This specification supplements the contract docu-ments and provides requirements for the Contractor.1.1.3 This specification governs for construction within its scope, but the contract documents govern if there is a conflict.1.1.4 This specification gover
25、ns if there is a conflict with its reference standards.1.1.5 The Contractor is permitted to submit written alter-natives to a provision in the specification.1.1.6 Do not use this specification in conjunction with ACI 301, 350.5, 522.1, or ACI 530.1 unless contract document states that this specifica
26、tion governs for work covered by 1.1.1.1.1.7 Ignore provisions of the specification that are not applicable to the work.1.1.8 Values to this specification are stated in inch-pound units. A companion specification in SI units is also available.1.1.9 The Notes to Specifier are not part of this specifi
27、cation.1.2DefinitionsACI provides a comprehensive list of definitions through an online resource, “ACI Concrete Terminology,” http:/concrete.org/Tools/ConcreteTerminology.aspx. Definitions here compliment that resource.hot weatherone or a combination of the following conditions that tends to impair
28、the quality of freshly mixed or hardened concrete by accelerating the rate of moisture loss and rate of cement hydration, or otherwise causing detrimental results: high ambient temperature, high concrete temperature, low relative humidity, and high wind speed.1.3Reference StandardsStandards of ACI a
29、nd ASTM cited in this specification are listed by name and designation, including year.1.3.1 American Concrete InstituteACI 301-10Specifications for Structural ConcreteACI 308.1-11Specification for Curing ConcreteACI 350.5-12Specification for Environmental Concrete StructuresACI 522.1-08Specificatio
30、n for Pervious Concrete PavementACI 530.1-11Building Code Requirements and Specifi-cation for Masonry Structures1.3.2 ASTM InternationalASTM C31/C31M-12Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldASTM C39/C39M-14Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindr
31、ical Concrete SpecimensASTM C78/C78M-10Standard Test Method for Flex-ural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)ASTM C94/C94M-14Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteASTM C138/C138M-13Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimet
32、ric) of ConcreteASTM C143/C143M-12Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteASTM C171-07Standard Specification for Sheet Mate-rials for Curing ConcreteASTM C173/C173M-14Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodASTM C192/C192M-13Standard
33、Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryASTM C231/C231M-10Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodASTM C293/C293M-10Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Center-Point Loading)ASTM C1
34、064/C1064M-12Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete1.4Submittals1.4.1 Submittal of concrete proportions1.4.1.1 Concrete mixture proportions shall be submitted to the architect/engineer for review.1.4.1.2 Submittal shall include the constituent materials and p
35、roportions of the proposed concrete mixture, in addi-tion to test results obtained from past field experience or preconstruction testing. Test results shall meet all the appli-cable requirements in the project specification.1.4.2 Before the preplacement conference, submit proce-dures for production,
36、 placement, finishing, curing, and protection of concrete during hot weather conditions to the architect/engineer for review and comment. Submittals shall indicate which methods will be used for pre- and post-cooling of the concrete, and the order in which they will be initiated when multiple method
37、s are proposed.1.4.3 Preplacement conference1.4.3.1 At least 15 days prior to beginning concrete construction, hold a preplacement conference to review hot NOTES TO SPECIFIER, p. 4General notes, p. 4Foreword to checklists, p. 5APPENDIX AEXAMPLE OF UNO EQUATION USED TO DETERMINE SURFACE EVAPORATION R
38、ATE OF FRESH CONCRETE, p. 6APPENDIX BEXAMPLE OF NRMCA NOMOGRAPH FOR ESTIMATING SURFACE EVAPORATION RATE ON THE BASIS OF MENZEL FORMULA, p. 6Mandatory portion followsAmerican Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.org2 SPECIFICATION FOR HOT WEATHER CONCRETING (ACI 305.1-14)weather concr
39、eting procedures and the anticipated effect on the proposed mixture proportions.1.4.3.2 Send a preplacement conference agenda, including hot weather concreting procedures, to representatives of concerned parties not less than 10 days before the scheduled date of the preplacement conference.1.4.3.3 P
40、replacement conference attendance shall include, but is not limited to, representatives of the contractor, concrete subcontractor, testing agency, pumping contractor, engineer of record, and ready-mixed concrete producer.1.4.3.4 Distribute minutes of preplacement conference to representatives of rel
41、evant parties within 5 days after the preplacement conference.1.5Quality assurance, quality control, and acceptance of work1.5.1 Documents required on siteCopies of ACI 305R, ACI 305.1, and ACI 308.1 shall be available at the project site during concrete construction.SECTION 2PRODUCTS2.1General2.1.1
42、 Store all materials and equipment required for curing and protection at or near the project site before hot weather concreting begins.SECTION 3EXECUTION3.1General3.1.1 Prepare surfaces against which concrete will be placed to minimize the absorption of water from the fresh concrete. Do not place co
43、ncrete against surfaces that will introduce free water to the fresh concrete.3.1.2 Prepare all materials required for evaporation control measures and have them available on site so that accepted measures are performed as necessary.3.1.3 Accepted evaporation control measures shall provide adequate p
44、rotection of, and prevent rapid evaporation from, the fresh concrete surface. Control measures shall remain in place while the concrete and air temperatures, relative humidity of the air, and the wind speed have the capacity to evaporate free water from the fresh concrete surface at a rate that is e
45、qual to or greater than 0.2 lb/ft2/h, unless otherwise accepted. Determine the evaporation rate of surface water by use of the Uno Equation (Eq. (3.1.3):E = (Tc2.5 r Ta2.5)(1 + 0.4V) 10-6(3.1.3)whereE = mass of water evaporated in lb per ft2of water-covered surface per hour;Tc= temperature of the ev
46、aporating surface taken as the concrete temperature in F;r = relative humidity of air surrounding the concrete; expressed as percentage of relative humidity of air divided by 100 (air relative humidity is measured at a level approxi-mately 4 to 6 ft above the evaporating surface on the wind-ward sid
47、e and shielded from the suns rays);Ta= temperature of the air surrounding the concrete in F (air temperature is measured at a level approximately 4 to 6 ft above the evaporating surface on the windward side and shielded from the suns rays); andV = average wind speed in mph, measured at 20 in. above
48、the evaporating surface.3.1.3.1 Monitor site conditions, including air tempera-ture, relative humidity, and wind speed, to assess the need for evaporation control measures beginning no later than 1 hour before beginning concrete placing operations. Continue to monitor site conditions at intervals of
49、 30 minutes or less until accepted curing procedures have been applied.3.1.3.2 For calculating the rate of evaporation of surface water, use equipment or instruments that are certified by the manufacturer as accurate to within 2F, 5 percent relative humidity, and 1 mph wind speed. Use equipment in accor-dance with the product manufacturer recommendations.3.2Maximum temperature of fresh concrete at time of discharge3.2.1 The maximum temperature of fresh concrete at time of discharge shall be 95F.3.2.2 Measure the fres
