1、 IEIEEE 1EE | 3 PaAss588rk AvenueIEess in| New YEE-SmenMoork, NY 1A Ct Prbile0016-599onfoograNet7 | USA JoGeoffrSebaBoMMicCharlesrmm fworAUTHhn C. ETim ey M. Gstien Jb Mandichael Mhel OueA. Webity or ks ORS: idson Frost arner obert eville ayer llette b III IEEE-SA Conformity Assessment Program for I
2、EEE 1588 in Mobile Networks AUTHORS: John C. Eidson, Tim Frost, Geoffrey M. Garner, Sebastien Jobert, Bob Mandeville, Michael Mayer, Michel Ouellette, and Charles A. Webb III i Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. ii Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. Trademarks and Disclaimers IEEE beli
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14、erved. Contents INTRODUCTION . 1 ICAP, an IEEE initiative to help assure standards compliance 1 Use of IEEE Std 1588 in Mobile Telecommunications Networks 2 IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program 3 IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program For Mobile Network Deployments 4 Next s
15、teps for the IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program 5 CITATIONS . 6 iv Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE-SA Conformity Assessment Program for IEEE 1588 in Mobile Networks Introduction Over the past few years, the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) standard has been adop
16、ted by the telecommunications industry as a preferred solution for synchronizing mobile networks. A key challenge is ensuring that PTP equipment from different manufacturers will operate properly in a mobile network. This paper presents the scope and objectives of the IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Ce
17、rtification Program, launched by the IEEE-SA Conformity Assessment Program (ICAP) to meet this challenge. ICAP, an IEEE initiative to help assure standards compliance In the course of its 125-year history, the IEEE has produced many standards for a broad range of industries. Inspired by the need to
18、drive standards compliance forward and to provide a basis for interoperability in an open marketplace, the IEEE decided to launch the IEEE-SA Conformity Assessment Program (ICAP). A key goal of the program is to verify that products are delivered to the marketplace in full compliance with IEEE stand
19、ards by testing them against widely recognized test suites that are developed and reviewed by industry experts. The ICAP initiative is expected to accelerate the adoption of new technologies like PTP because it can significantly reduce the overall time and cost of testing. This is a benefit for both
20、 network equipment manufacturers and mobile network operators. It will also simplify Requests for Proposal (RFPs) and augment existing acceptance and functional testing to help ensure a high level of interoperability once equipment is deployed. Conformance testing consists of verifying that a produc
21、t strictly complies with all applicable requirements defined in a standard. It greatly reduces interoperability problems and ensures that products are of high quality. A conformity test suite defines an industry-recognized set of tests that is run once for each product being tested. This is much sim
22、pler than having to exhaustively test each product against every other product with proprietary test plans and procedures for each deployment. Conformance testing is very different from basic interoperability testing. Interoperability testing only verifies that the specific products can work togethe
23、r in a specific configuration and under specific test conditions. For example, industry “plugfests” give equipment manufacturers a way to perform informal interoperability testing on early-stage products. By contrast, conformance testing thoroughly and rigorously ensures that a product correctly imp
24、lements the specifications of the standard. Figure 1 shows the difference between conformance and interoperability testing. 1 Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. Figure 1: Difference between conformance and interoperability testing Use of IEEE Std 1588 in Mobile Telecommunications Networks IEE
25、E Std 1588 1 is a standard designed to deliver high-accuracy, sub-microsecond synchronization. It has been defined to avoid the proliferation of proprietary solutions and is widely used to support many industries and applications.1IEEE Std 1588 1 can indeed address the needs of several industries an
26、d therefore defines various options. As an example, the protocol can be configured to operate using multicast or unicast transmission. The 2008 edition of IEEE Std 1588 1 introduced the notion of “PTP Profiles”. A PTP Profile allows an industry to select a suitable subset of PTP options to be used i
27、n its particular environment. For example, IEEE Std 1588 1 has been adopted by telecommunications industry standards to address the needs of mobile networks. Current and future wireless technologies, such as 4G/LTE and 5G/LTE-Advanced, have stringent requirements for synchronization. Accurate synchr
28、onization of the air interface and its radio signals is critical to avoid signal interference and help ensure efficient radio spectrum usage. Poor synchronization results in poor user experience caused by dropped calls and erratic throughput. 1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the citat
29、ion list at the end of this document. 2 Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. To address these industry-specific requirements, the ITU-T has specified PTP Profiles to define the PTP options to be used in the scope of a mobile backhaul network. The ITU-T standards defining these PTP Profiles are
30、based on IEEE Std 1588 1 and refer to the requirements it defines. In mobile telecommunications networks, IEEE Std 1588 1 can be deployed according to three main models: No PTP support from the network: Some packet networks do not provide support for PTP or physical layer frequency transfer. Hence a
31、 first PTP Telecom Profile has been defined by the ITU-T in Recommendation G.8265.1 2, for the distribution of frequency synchronization over PTP-unaware packet networks. This PTP Profile is based on IP unicast transmission. Full timing support from the network: When it comes to distributing very ac
32、curate phase and time synchronization, having support for PTP in every node of the network can provide a very robust solution with high-quality synchronization. Hence, a second PTP Telecom Profile has been defined by the ITU-T in Recommendation G.8275.1 3, for the distribution of very accurate phase
33、 and time synchronization. This PTP Profile is based on Ethernet multicast link-local transmission. Partial timing support from the network: Transferring phase and time synchronization over networks that do not support PTP clocks in every node is also required in some cases. Hence, a third PTP telec
34、om profile is currently under definition by the ITU-T. It is expected that this PTP Profile will have many similarities with Recommendation ITU-T G.8265.1 2. IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program Because of the high potential and wide acceptance of IEEE Std 1588 1 in the telecommunicati
35、ons industry, ICAP has selected the PTP Telecom Profile for frequency synchronization defined in Recommendation ITU-T G.8265.1 2 to initiate the first officially launched IEEE conformity assessment program. IEEE Std 1588 is a detailed and well-specified protocol. The standard is a 269-page document
36、that contains more than one thousand requirements. The standard defines state machines, datasets, and standardized behaviors for communication between PTP clocks. Conformance to the rules defined in the protocol is extremely important as it minimizes the risks of increased time-to-market and of inte
37、roperability problems when equipment from different vendors is deployed in the field. The IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program is a unique environment where the combination of requirements defined in IEEE Std 1588 1 and Recommendation ITU-T G.8265.1 2 are rigorously verified, as illust
38、rated in Figure 2. It completes the standardization process with a single and universally recognized conformity test suite. 3 Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. Figure 2: IEEE 1588 conformity test suite for frequency synchronization in telecommunications networks The test suite defines test p
39、rocedures for verifying the communication protocol between Packet Master Clocks and Packet Slave Clocks. It has been peer-reviewed by a committee formed by ICAP and composed of experts in the field of synchronization in mobile telecommunications networks. The test suite has the following two parts:
40、IEEE 1588 Conformity Test Suite for Packet Master Clocks: This has 346 Test Cases to verify the options and parameters applicable to a Packet Master Clock, such as unicast negotiation mechanisms, protocol mapping, message formats and transmission rates, and clock quality level mapping and traceabili
41、ty. IEEE 1588 Conformity Test Suite for Packet Slave Clocks: This has 375 Test Cases to verify the options and parameters applicable to a Packet Slave Clock, such as unicast negotiation mechanisms, protocol mapping, message formats and transmission rates, Alternate Best Master Clock Algorithm, and s
42、lave protection functions. Conformance testing is conducted by an ICAP authorized testing laboratory according to the testing procedures defined in the test suite. The IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program intends to help mobile network operators select products that will work properly
43、in their networks. The simplest and safest path to deploying IEEE 1588 in mobile telecommunication networks is to procure ICAP certified products. IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program for Mobile Network Deployments The main area in which the IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification P
44、rogram will have direct application is in supporting mobile telecommunications network deployments. In this application, multi-vendor and multi-carrier environments are very common, so deploying products compliant with IEEE Std 1588 1 is key in avoiding interworking problems in the field. Figure 3 i
45、llustrates two deployment cases in which conformity to IEEE Std 1588 1 and to the PTP Telecom Profile defined in Recommendation ITU-T G.8265.1 2 is essential to improve interoperability. 4 Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. Figure 3: Deployment cases in which conformity to IEEE Std 1588 is es
46、sential for interoperability Case 1, multi-vendor PTP products: The Mobile Network Operator (MNO) deploys a PTP Packet Master Clock from Vendor A and PTP Packet Slave Clocks from Vendors B and C. The IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program verifies that all PTP clocks can communicate acco
47、rding to the standard using the same PTP options. Case 2, multi-carrier PTP communication: The Mobile Network Operator (MNO) uses an IEEE 1588 specified service provided by a Carrier Operator as part of an Ethernet Managed Service. The IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program verifies that
48、 the PTP Packet Master Clock used by the Carrier Operator can communicate with the PTP Packet Slave Clocks deployed by the Mobile Network Operator using the same PTP options. In both cases, the Packet Slave Clock can either be embedded in a base station or in other mobile network equipment such as a
49、 Cell Site Gateway (CSG). Next steps for the IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification Program The current IEEE 1588 Telecommunications Certification program focuses on the PTP Telecom Profile for frequency synchronization. Beyond frequency synchronization, phase and time synchronization is also critically important for the next generation of mobile telecommunications networks. Therefore, the PTP Telecom Profiles for phase and time synchronization will also be considered by ICAP for future conformity assessment programs. Exp
