1、 ISO 2012 Building environment design Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems Part 6: Control Conception de lenvironnement des btiments Conception, construction et fonctionnement des systmes de chauffage et de refroidissement par rayonnement Par
2、tie 6: Contrle INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11855-6 First edition 2012-11-15 Reference number ISO 11855-6:2012(E) ISO 11855-6:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or u
3、tilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 F
4、ax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 11855-6:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Controls 1 4.1 General . 1 4.2 Central control . 4 4
5、.3 Zone control 5 4.4 Local (room) control 5 4.5 Influence of thermal mass of embedded systems . 5 4.6 Self-regulating effect 5 4.7 Control of TABS . 6 Annex A (informative) C ontr ol of r adiant floor heating-c ooling s y st ems 7 Bibliography .11 ISO 11855-6:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International
6、 Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been est
7、ablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiz
8、ation. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voti
9、ng. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
10、 patent rights. ISO 11855-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 205, Building environment design. ISO 11855 consists of the following parts, under the general title Building environment design Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems: Part
11、 1: Definition, symbols, and comfort criteria Part 2: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity Part 3: Design and dimensioning Part 4: Dimensioning and calculation of the dynamic heating and cooling capacity of Thermo Active Building Systems (TABS) Part 5: Installation Part 6: Contro
12、l Part 1 specifies the comfort criteria which should be considered in designing embedded radiant heating an d c o o l i n g sy st e m s , s i n c e th e m ai n o b j e cti v e o f th e r a d i an t h e a ti n g an d c o o l i n g sy st e m i s t o s a ti s fy thermal comfort of the occupants. Part 2
13、 provides steady-state calculation methods for determination of the heating and cooling capacity. Part 3 specifies design and dimensioning methods of radiant heating and cooling systems to ensure the heating and cooling capacity. Part 4 provides dimensioning and calculation m e th o d t o d e s i gn
14、 T AB S (Th e rm o A cti v e B u i l d i n g S y s t e m s ) f o r e n e r gy - s a vi n g p u rp o s e s , s i n c e r a d i a n t heating and cooling systems can reduce energy consumption and heat source size by using renewable energy. Part 5 addresses the installation process for the system to op
15、erate as intended. Part 6 shows a proper control method of the radiant heating and cooling systems to ensure the maximum performance which was intended in the design stage when the system is being actually operated in a building.iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 11855-6:2012(E) Introduction The ra
16、diant heating and cooling system consists of heat emitting/absorbing, heat supply, distribution, and control systems. The ISO 11855 series deals with the embedded surface heating and cooling system that directly controls heat exchange within the space. It does not include the system equipment itself
17、, such as heat source, distribution system and controller. The ISO 11855 series addresses an embedded system that is integrated with the building structure. Therefore, the panel system with open air gap, which is not integrated with the building structure, is not covered by this series. The ISO 1185
18、5 series shall be applied to systems using not only water but also other fluids or electricity as a heating or cooling medium. The object of the ISO 11855 series is to provide criteria to effectively design embedded systems. To do this, it presents comfort criteria for the space served by embedded s
19、ystems, heat output calculation, dimensioning, dynamic analysis, installation, operation, and control method of embedded systems. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Building environment design Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems Part 6: Control
20、1 Scope This part of ISO 11855 establishes guidelines on the control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems. It specifies uniform requirements for the design and construction of heating and cooling floors, ceiling and wall structures to ensure that the heating/cooling systems are suited to
21、the particular application. The requirements specified by this part of ISO 11855 are applicable only to the components of the heating/cooling systems and the elements which are part of the heating/cooling surface and which are installed due to the heating/cooling systems. The ISO 11855 series is app
22、licable to water based embedded surface heating and cooling systems in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. The methods apply to systems integrated into the wall, floor or ceiling construction without any open air gaps. It is not applicable to panel systems with an open air gap which is
23、 not integrated with the building structure. The ISO 11855 series also applies, as appropriate, to the use of fluids other than water as a heating or cooling medium. The ISO 11855 series is not applicable for testing of systems. The methods do not apply to heated or chilled ceiling panels or beams.
24、2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies ISO 11855-1, Building envir
25、onment design Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems Part 1: Definition, symbols, and comfort criteria EN 7726, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of t
26、his document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11855-1 apply. NOTE All terms and definitions in this part of ISO 11855 are consistent with ISO 7345, ISO 9229, ISO 9288, ISO 9346 and ISO 16818. 4 Controls 4.1 General This section describes the control of hydronic systems to enable all embedded
27、systems to perform as simulated. The design documents shall include specifications for the control system. The control system shall be capable of varying heating or cooling outputs as well as maintaining predetermined room or surface temperatures. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 11855-6:2012(E) ISO 2012
28、 All rights reserved 1 ISO 11855-6:2012(E) Control of the heating and cooling system shall enable the specified designed indoor temperatures to be achieved under the specified variation on internal loads and external climate. The control system shall, if specified, protect buildings and equipment ag
29、ainst frost and moisture damage where necessary (when normal comfort temperature level is not required) and prevent condensation from occurring. The design of the control system shall take into account the building, its intended use and the effective functioning of the embedded system, efficient use
30、 of energy and avoiding conditioning the building to full design conditions when not required. This shall include keeping distribution heat losses as low as possible, e.g. reducing f low rates and temperatures, when normal comfort temperature level is not required. Control and operation of the syste
31、m will enable control of the conditioning systems to obtain possible savings of operational costs and enable the maintenance of required indoor environmental conditions. In order to maintain a stable thermal environment, the control system needs to maintain the balance between supplied energy from t
32、he system and the losses/gains of building environment under transient conditions. Slowly varying energy flows in the form of energy losses or gains through the envelope are determined by indoor and outdoor temperature, and direction and speed of wind.2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 11855-6:2012(
33、E) Key B boiler OTS outside temperature sensor C chiller P pump CU control unit RS room sensor FTS floor temperature sensor RTS return medium temperature sensor L limiter SOV shut off valve M manifold STS supply medium temperature sensor MC main controller THS temperature-humidity sensor MV mixing v
34、alve Fig u re 1 Prin ci p al diag ram of an emb e dde d ra dian t h ea t ing a nd co o ling s y s t em e xe mpl i f ie d by a f lo or s y s t em Figure 1 shows a diagram on the principles of control. The supply water temperature is controlled by a mixing valve, actuated to maintain the design condit
35、ion. In the occupied space there is a sensor for temperature and humidity, which can be used for zone control and/or give input to the control of the mixing valve and provide information to the building management system to determine space dew point temperature which is necessary to ensure condensat
36、ion in the building (surface, construction). Outside ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO 11855-6:2012(E) temperature sensors, supply-return water temperature sensors and in some cases surface temperature sensors are to be installed to influence the control. The control modes of embedded systems are b
37、ased on three system levels: 1) Local (room) control, where the energy supplied to a room is controlled 2) Zone control normally consisting of several spaces (rooms) 3) Central control where energy supplied to the whole building is controlled by a central system The control system classification is
38、based on performance level: 1) Manual: The energy supply to the conditioned space is only controlled by a manually operated device 2) Automatic: A suitable system or device automatically controls energy to the conditioned spaces 3) Timing: Function of energy supplied to a conditioned space is shut o
39、ff or reduced during scheduled periods, e.g. night setback (not necessarily applicable for cooling) 4) Advanced timing: Function of energy supply to the conditioned space is shut-off or reduced during scheduled periods, e.g. daytime with more expensive electricity tariff. Re-starting of the energy s
40、upply is optimized based on various considerations, including reduction of energy use (not applicable in commercial buildings) 4.2 Central control The central control shall control the water temperature through the embedded system. In residential systems the control is normally done according to the
41、 outside climate (based on the heating/cooling curve, which is influenced by building mass, heat loss, and differences in heat required by the individual rooms) control the supply water temperature to the system. To reduce losses in the distribution system the central control must control according
42、to outside temperature, i.e. higher water temperature for lower outside temperatures, for heating only. Instead of controlling the supply water temperature it is recommended to control the water temperature (supply and return water temperature) according to outside and/or indoor temperatures. This i
43、s more directly related to the energy flux into the space. If during the heating period for example the internal load in the space increases, the heat output of the floor system will decrease and the return temperature will increase. If the embedded system is operated intermittently (e.g. night and/
44、or weekend set-back) the central control is also important for providing high enough water temperatures (Boost effect) during the pre- conditioning period in the morning. The energy savings by night set-back in residential buildings are, however, relatively low due to the high thermal insulation sta
45、ndard in new houses. For commercial systems the control is normally done according to the heat loss or gain, and differences in heat or cooling required by the individual rooms which control the supply water temperature to the system. For cooling it is also recommended to control the supply water te
46、mperature based on the zone with the highest dew point temperature. In many buildings with cooling, the internal load is of significant importance and it is recommended to let the room temperature and humidity of representative space influence the control of the water temperature. Radiant surface co
47、oling systems shall include controls to avoid condensation on internal cooled surfaces or condensation in critical parts of the building. This can be done by a central control of the supply water temperature and a limit on the minimum water temperature based on a measured dew point in the conditione
48、d space.4 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 11855-6:2012(E) 4.3 Zone control To optimize energy and control performance larger buildings should be divided in zones, where the individual spaces in each zone require about the same water temperature (northsouth). An apartment or one-family house is norm
49、ally regarded as one zone. The whole zone can be controlled with reference to a temperature sensor in a representative space of the zone. 4.4 Local (room) control National building codes shall be followed regarding individual room control. The installation of individual room temperature controls is recommended in order to improve comfort and for potential energy savings. Besides energy benefits it is essential for the thermal comfort of the occupants that they have a possibility for individual adjustment of the room te
