1、 Reference numberISO 2846-3:2002(E)ISO 2002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO2846-3First edition2002-10-01Graphic technology Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing Part 3: Publication gravure printing Technologie graphique Couleur et transparence des gammes dencre dimpression
2、en quadrichromie Partie 3: Impression hlio Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-3:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces.
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7、CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reservedCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permit
8、ted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Test method . 2 4.1 Principle . 2 4.2 Test print preparation . 2 4.3 Colour measurement procedure 3 5 Colour a
9、nd transparency 3 5.1 General . 3 5.2 Colorimetric values . 3 5.3 Transparency characteristics 4 Annex A (normative) Reference substrate. 5 Annex B (informative) Spectral data . 6 Annex C (informative) Colorimetric values for non-normative conditions. 9 Annex D (informative) Detailed explanation of
10、the test method, including examples. 10 Bibliography 13 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-3:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reservedForeword ISO (th
11、e International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committ
12、ee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechn
13、ical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
14、bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 2846 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for iden
15、tifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 2846-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology. ISO 2846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing: Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat
16、-set web offset lithographic printing Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing Part 3: Publication gravure printing Part 4: Screen printing Part 5: Flexographic printing Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 2846. Annexes B to D are for information only. Copyright International Orga
17、nization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved vIntroduction The demand for the publication gravure printing process to become more consistent and pr
18、edictable has required a means of standardizing the product to ensure the easy flow of business between the various parties involved in its production. An essential component in this process is the colorimetric characteristics of the ink set. To produce a set of standard four-colour process inks sui
19、table for gravure printing it is necessary to specify a number of parameters. It is the purpose of this part of ISO 2846 to describe those parameters which affect the colorimetric characteristics in such a manner that a standard set of inks can be supplied by any ink manufacturer to any printer who
20、can then supply prints to a print buyer with confidence in the colour of the work produced. This part of ISO 2846 will allow publication gravure printers to obtain different sets of inks that will produce a similar colour when printed on the same substrate. In addition, it will allow colour separati
21、ons for gravure printing to be based on known colour standards. The colorimetric characteristics specified may only be obtained when the inks are printed on the reference substrate. However, two inks of the same type that are similar in colorimetric characteristics and transparency according to this
22、 part of ISO 2846 will normally ensure similarity on another substrate. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardi
23、zation Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1Graphic technology Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing Part 3: Pub
24、lication gravure printing 1 Scope This part of ISO 2846 specifies the colour and transparency to be produced by a process colour ink set including extender intended for four-colour publication gravure printing when printed under specified gravure printing conditions. It also specifies the test metho
25、d to ensure conformance. This part of ISO 2846 does not specify pigments (or spectral reflectance) in order not to preclude developments which may enable different pigment combinations to be used advantageously while still achieving the colorimetric requirements specified in this part of ISO 2846. N
26、OTE This part of ISO 2846 may also apply to certain non-publication gravure applications. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 2846. For dated references, subsequent amendments to,
27、 or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 2846 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the nor
28、mative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 535:1991, Paper and board Determination of water absorptiveness Cobb method ISO 536:1995, Paper and board Determination of grammage ISO 2144:1997, Paper, board and pulps Det
29、ermination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 C ISO 2846-1:1997, Graphic technology Colour and transparency of ink sets for four-colour-printing Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing ISO 6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps Determination of pH of aqueous extracts ISO 8254-1:1
30、999, Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 1: 75 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method ISO 8791-4:1992, Paper and board Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) Part 4: Print-surf method ISO 13655:1996, Graphic technology Spectral measurement and colorimetric comput
31、ation for graphic arts images Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-3:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of
32、 this part of ISO 2846, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 extension addition of a transparent material (colorant-free ink) to the ink to reduce the pigment concentration without significantly influencing the rheological properties of the ink 3.2 press-ready ink ink that has all necessar
33、y components and is at press viscosity 3.3 transparency ability of an ink film to transmit and absorb light without scattering NOTE It is generally expressed as some measure of the unwanted scattering. ISO 2846-1:1997, 3.5 4 Test method 4.1 Principle Each ink shall be printed on the reference substr
34、ate described in annex A at a range of colorations obtained by varying the extension of the press-ready ink. The colours which result shall be measured colorimetrically and the colour difference between the sample and the pertinent value in Table 1 shall be plotted versus the percentage of press-rea
35、dy ink. If one or more samples conform to the values and tolerances specified, and the ink also meets the transparency criteria, that ink complies to this part of ISO 2846. Transparency, T, shall be evaluated by printing or applying each of the chromatic process inks on a black substrate at a range
36、of ink extensions. The CIELAB colour difference, Eab, shall be determined for each sample, between the overprinted and unprinted black. The linear regression coefficient (slope of the regression line) between the percentage by mass of press-ready ink in each of the extended ink samples being tested
37、and colour difference shall be calculated from a plot of Eabvs. percentage press-ready ink over a range of extensions. An ink conforms to this requirement if the transparency, T, which is the reciprocal of the regression coefficient, is negative or greater than the value specified. For further detai
38、ls, see annex D. 4.2 Test print preparation 4.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation For each ink to be evaluated, prepare an extension series with 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 % and 100 % of press-ready ink using extender diluted to press viscosity. Apply the series of extended inks to the reference
39、substrate specified in annex A with a method that produces an even ink film thickness. Examples are printing with a printability tester for gravure inks or coating applicator. The wet ink film thickness used for the extension series shall be approximately equal. The method chosen shall produce a cur
40、ve that shows a pronounced minimum or a data point which is in conformance with Table 1 when Eabis plotted versus percentage of press-ready ink. If the extension series does not produce such a curve, produce another series of specimens with a different ink film thickness. Produce a higher ink film t
41、hickness if the colour difference decreases with an increasing percentage of press-ready ink. Produce a lower ink film thickness if the colour difference decreases with a decreasing percentage of press-ready ink. See annex D for further information. Copyright International Organization for Standardi
42、zation Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 34.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation Test prints for transparency evaluation shall be produced by printing the inks to
43、be tested over black. The black shall have a lightness (L) less than 6 when determined according to ISO 13655. One appropriate substrate is the contrast card1). Since the CIELAB values of the black need to be established, both when unprinted and overprinted by the chromatic ink, the measurements of
44、the black alone shall be made prior to overprinting. The ink to be tested shall then be printed on the substrate such that a range of samples is achieved, each with a different percentage of press-ready ink. 4.2.3 Drying of test prints Prior to colour measurement, all samples shall be thoroughly dri
45、ed. 4.3 Colour measurement procedure Test prints shall be measured in accordance with ISO 13655, except that a substrate backing consisting of at least 3 sheets of the unprinted reference substrate shall be used. NOTE The samples are measured spectrally, with a 0/45 or 45/0 geometry instrument. For
46、calculation of CIELAB values and colour differences, CIE 1931 (2) standard colorimetric observer data are used together with CIE illuminant D50. 5 Colour and transparency 5.1 General For an ink to conform to this part of ISO 2846 it shall meet the specification for colour defined in 5.2 and the spec
47、ification for transparency defined in 5.3. 5.2 Colorimetric values To meet the specification for colour, an ink shall produce a colour that falls within the colour difference tolerances from the specified colorimetric values given in Table 1, when printed as defined in 4.2.1 at some percentage of pr
48、ess-ready ink. NOTE 1 Unlike some other parts of ISO 2846, this part of ISO 2846 does not specify limits for concentration or ink film thickness within which to meet the specified colour difference, as such requirements are not applicable to the gravure process. NOTE 2 Typical spectral data for inks
49、 conforming to this part of ISO 2846 are provided in annex B. Reference spectral data for 8/diffuse (specular included) are also included in annex B. NOTE 3 CIELAB data calculated from the CIE 1931 (2) standard colorimetric observer, together with CIE standard illuminant D65, are included in annex C for both geometries. CIELAB data
