1、 Reference number ISO 28499-3:2009(E) ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28499-3 First edition 2009-10-01 Buffalo hides and buffalo calf skins Part 3: Grading on the basis of defects Peaux de bovins Partie 3: Classement sur la base des dfauts ISO 28499-3:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may cont
2、ain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibi
3、lity of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation par
4、ameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All r
5、ights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of
6、the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedISO 28499-3:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organ
7、ization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establish
8、ed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
9、 International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pu
10、blication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten
11、t rights. ISO 28499-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 120, Leather, Subcommittee SC 1, Raw hides and skins, including pickled pelts. ISO 28499 consists of the following parts, under the general title Buffalo hides and buffalo calf skins: Part 1: Description of defects Part 2: Grading on t
12、he basis of mass and size Part 3: Grading on the basis of defects INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28499-3:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Buffalo hides and buffalo calf skins Part 3: Grading on the basis of defects 1 Scope This part of ISO 28499 provides guidance on the classification of raw or cur
13、ed, trimmed buffalo hides and buffalo calf skins, intended for tanning, on the basis of visually apparent defects. It applies to water-buffalo hides and water-buffalo calf skins and not to those of wild buffalo and American bison (Bison bison). 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docume
14、nt, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 curing temporary preservation of raw hides and skins NOTE Curing involves the treatment of raw hides and skins to prevent putrefaction and bacterial decomposition. 2.2 defect damage, from whatever cause, on raw or cured buffalo hides and buffalo cal
15、f skins and likely to depreciate the value of the leather produced from them 3 Defects For the purposes of this part of ISO 28499, various defects are included in the following five groups. 3.1 Natural defects caused by diseases and parasites on the living animal These defects are warble holes, ring
16、worm defects, tick marks, defects due to lice, pox marks, scars, hump sore, and tumour marks. 3.2 Mechanically caused defects on the living animal These defects are brands, bruises, scratches, wounds, wire damage, goad marks, horn rakes, yoke marks, etc. 3.3 Defects caused by dirt These defects are
17、due to dung and urine stains. ISO 28499-3:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.4 Flaying defects These defects are cuts, cut throat, excess flesh, poor pattern, scores, corduroy, holes, grain cracks, pulling-machine damage, etc. 3.5 Curing and storing defects These defects are putrefaction, hair
18、slip, red heat, salt stains, salt stippen, etc. 4 Grading on the basis of defects Hides should be classified in three grades in relation to defects that are reasonably ascertainable at the time of grading. 4.1 First grade The first grade should include hides that comply with the following requiremen
19、ts: hide of good pattern, clean and well cured with no sign of putrefaction; free of defects, especially in the butt and neck portion; without brand marks. 4.2 Second grade The second grade should include hides that comply with the following requirements: hide of good pattern and well cured with no
20、sign of putrefaction; flay cuts up to 20 % in the butt portion; with moderate healed defects and light tick marks; with dung and urine stains covering not more than 10 % of each of the hind shanks. 4.3 Third grade The third grade should include hides that comply with the following requirements: hide
21、 of poor pattern; open defects covering up to 50 % of the area; flay cuts covering up to 40 % of the area; pin holes covering up to 50 % of the area; hides with some putrefaction defects; hides with more dung and urine stains than are acceptable for the second grade. ISO 28499-3:2009(E) ISO 2009 All
22、 rights reserved 34.4 Rejections Rejections should include hides that comply with the following requirements: very poor pattern or highly spoiled hide; presence of bigger holes, brand marks and scar marks; presence of defects covering up to and more than 50 % of the hide area. ISO 28499-3:2009(E) ICS 59.140.20 Price based on 3 pages ISO 2009 All rights reserved
