1、2013 年北京交通大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：84.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：42，分数：80.00)1.英译汉_2.bailout（分数：2.00）_3.Ground Zero（分数：2.00）_4.clean energy（分数：2.00）_5.administrative transparency（分数：2.00）_6.healthcare reform package（分数：2.00）_7.Comfortable Housing Project（分数：2.00）_8.proactive fiscal policy（分数：2.00）_9.home
2、appliances going to the countryside（分数：2.00）_10.administrative accountability（分数：2.00）_11.disaster relief（分数：2.00）_12.top legislative body（分数：2.00）_13.defense expenditure（分数：2.00）_14.rural left-behind population（分数：2.00）_15.minimum living standard（分数：2.00）_16.pursue a realistic and pragmatic approac
3、h（分数：2.00）_17.capacity for independent innovation（分数：2.00）_18.the non-public sector of the economy（分数：2.00）_19.the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents（分数：2.00）_20.the campaign to educate Party members in preserving /to retain their vanguard nature（分数：2.00）_21.the imbalanc
4、e between urban and rural areas（分数：2.00）_22.汉译英_23.国有企业（分数：2.00）_24.基本医疗体制（分数：2.00）_25.扩大内需（分数：2.00）_26.政府工作报告（分数：2.00）_27.基本医疗保险（分数：2.00）_28.全球变暖（分数：2.00）_29.社会福利制度（分数：2.00）_30.三险一金（分数：2.00）_31.气候变化（分数：2.00）_32.开幕式致辞（分数：2.00）_33.党内民主（分数：2.00）_34.改革攻坚（分数：2.00）_35.脱离实际、急于求成（分数：2.00）_36.诚信缺失（分数：2.00）_
5、37.和而不同（分数：2.00）_38.科学发展观（分数：2.00）_39.文化市场（分数：2.00）_40.文化扶贫计划（分数：2.00）_41.事业编制（分数：2.00）_42.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)43.英译汉_44.In the United States, imports have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up, and consumption is down. The administration u
6、ses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department. But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dangerous. Some important changes in U.S. energy use have occurred. The price of oil has been decontrolled, the strategic petroleum reserv
7、e is finally being filed, industry is using energy much more efficiently and the gas guzzler is an endangered species. But the price of natural gas is still artificially low, consumers still have no reliable source of help for reducing energy use in their homes, mass transit compared with of other a
8、dvanced nations is terrible, and the lack of a substantial gasoline tax keeps that unchanged. Nevertheless, the Reagan administration argues that higher energy prices have led to energy conservation and that there is therefore no reason for further federal support of research and other conservation
9、programs. But the real issue is how much of what would be economically beneficial is not happening, and will not happen, under current policies. Do most types of energy use technologies for supply and distribution, consumer information, manufacturing processes and the rest-reflect the reality of exp
10、ensive energy or the history of cheap energy? The answer varies by sector. Large businesses with access to expertise and capital have adjusted well. Most other sectors have not in residential and commercial buildings, which consume a quarter of all the energy used in America. Only a tiny fraction of
11、 the economically desirable savings is being captured. In short, a good beginning has been made, but it is only a beginning. To abandon conservation programs and dismantle research efforts now is to save small amounts of federal dollars at a very large longer-range cost to the economy. And hopeful t
12、alk about the end of the energy crisis ignores the painful lessons of the past decade.（分数：2.00）_45.汉译英_46.我把那封信寄了出去，急切地等待着她的答复。但是，她的答复始终没有等到，我的急切变成了失望，失望变成了无奈，最后，无奈变成了平静。想那封信未必到了母亲的手里。我只知道，写过那封信，我就可以还母亲以她本来的面目了。在她生命的最后 15 年里，我们按照她的方式保持了一种轻松、亲密、愉快的关系。（分数：2.00）_2013 年北京交通大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：84.00，做题时间
13、：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：42，分数：80.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.bailout（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：紧急救助)解析：3.Ground Zero（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：“爆心投影点”组织)解析：4.clean energy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：清洁能源)解析：5.administrative transparency（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：政务透明)解析：6.healthcare reform package（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：医改方案)解析：7.Comfortable Housi
14、ng Project（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：安居工程)解析：8.proactive fiscal policy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：积极的财政政策)解析：9.home appliances going to the countryside（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：家电下乡)解析：10.administrative accountability（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：行政问责制)解析：11.disaster relief（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：赈灾；灾难援助)解析：12.top legislative bo
15、dy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：最高立法机关)解析：13.defense expenditure（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国防支出；国防开支)解析：14.rural left-behind population（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：农村留守人口)解析：15.minimum living standard（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：最低生活标准；低保)解析：16.pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：实事求是)解析：17.capacity for
16、independent innovation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：自主创新能力)解析：18.the non-public sector of the economy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：非公有制经济)解析：19.the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：城乡居民基本生活保障制度)解析：20.the campaign to educate Party members in preserving /to retain thei
17、r vanguard nature（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：保持党员先进性教育活动)解析：21.the imbalance between urban and rural areas（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：城乡发展不平衡)解析：22.汉译英_解析：23.国有企业（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：state-owned enterprise)解析：24.基本医疗体制（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：basic medicine system)解析：25.扩大内需（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：expand domestic demand
18、)解析：26.政府工作报告（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Report on the Work of the Government)解析：27.基本医疗保险（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：basic medical insurance)解析：28.全球变暖（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：global warming)解析：29.社会福利制度（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：social welfare system)解析：30.三险一金（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：three insurances (endowment insurance, m
19、edical insurance, and unemployment insurance) and one fund (housing provident fund)解析：31.气候变化（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：climate change)解析：32.开幕式致辞（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：opening speech)解析：33.党内民主（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：inner-party democracy)解析：34.改革攻坚（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：further reform in difficult areas)解析：35.
20、脱离实际、急于求成（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：unrealistic pursuit of quick results)解析：36.诚信缺失（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：lack of credibility)解析：37.和而不同（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：harmony in diversity)解析：38.科学发展观（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Scientific Outlook on Development)解析：39.文化市场（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：cultural market)解析：40.文化扶贫计划（分数：2
21、.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：culture-aid program)解析：41.事业编制（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：staffing of government affiliated institutions)解析：42.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)43.英译汉_解析：44.In the United State
22、s, imports have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up, and consumption is down. The administration uses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department. But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dange
23、rous. Some important changes in U.S. energy use have occurred. The price of oil has been decontrolled, the strategic petroleum reserve is finally being filed, industry is using energy much more efficiently and the gas guzzler is an endangered species. But the price of natural gas is still artificially low, consumers still have no reliable source of help for reducing energy use in their homes, mass transit compared with of other advanced nations is terrible, and the lack of
