1、2014 年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：106.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Hunting is thought to be_for the extinction of some wildlife.（分数：2.00）A.responsibleB.blamedC.chargedD.denounced2.The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a_visit to theirs.（分数：2.00）A.r
2、eciprocalB.bilateralC.considerateD.rewarding3.That man claimed to be a_of Confucius.（分数：2.00）A.descendingB.ascendingC.descendantD.offspring4.Can you_the truth of his statement?（分数：2.00）A.denyB.refuseC.declineD.reject5.I failed in my new job. If only I_my parents.（分数：2.00）A.listened toB.had listened
3、toC.have listend toD.would listen to6.He studied at a famous college when he was young, _contributed to his success in later life.（分数：2.00）A.whichB.itC.thatD.what7.My eldest sister went on with the story and young children around her _ with “ wonderful!“ from time to time.（分数：2.00）A.broke outB.broke
4、 offC.broke inD.broke up8.Jean holds very_opinions about food; she wont eat anything new of foreign.（分数：2.00）A.awesomeB.conventionalC.consistentD.condimental9.Donor fatigue and_of the countrys poverty are now causing those hopes to wither.（分数：2.00）A.expenditureB.extremityC.wreckageD.supremacy10.He f
5、elt a great sense of_after his success.（分数：2.00）A.fulfillmentB.fortificationC.innovationD.illumination11.They are still in the_stage between the old and new government.（分数：2.00）A.transactionB.transplantingC.transitionalD.transforming12.Starting a new business can be a risky_.（分数：2.00）A.processingB.a
6、ttemptingC.undertakingD.overhauling13.Its none of your business, you have no right to_.（分数：2.00）A.disturbB.interfereC.interruptD.obtain14.The passengers carried on drinking and dancing_unaware of the impending disaster.（分数：2.00）A.witheringlyB.contemptuouslyC.morallyD.blissfully15.We must also unders
7、tand how to_between what should be remembered and what should be forgotten.（分数：2.00）A.differentiateB.distinctC.disengageD.entangle16.Maisie had always thought of herself as being shy and_, and was surprised that anyone should ask her opinion.（分数：2.00）A.stutteringB.scatteringC.inarticulateD.inexpress
8、ive17.The company made profit in that one month than it made in the whole of the_ year.（分数：2.00）A.previouslyB.proceedingC.precedingD.unpreceding18.No president who performs his duties faithfully and_can have any leisure.（分数：2.00）A.consistentlyB.conscientiouslyC.nervouslyD.piously19.Take this bit of
9、seemingly_advice: In order to write quickly, you must first think slowly.（分数：2.00）A.paradoxicalB.contradictC.parallelD.disordering20.Id rather you_me a new one instead of having mine repaired as you did.（分数：2.00）A.had givenB.have givenC.gaveD.giving二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the United States, the fi
10、rst day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the【C1】_half of the 19th century; most of【C2】_were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day-nursery movement received great【C3】_during the First World War, when【C4】_of manpower caused the industrial e
11、mployment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries, nurseries were established【C5】_in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship【C6】_the number of nurseries in the U. S. , also rose【C7】_. this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years
12、following the First World War,【C8】_Federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control【C9】_the day nurseries, chiefly by【C10】_them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.latterB.otherC.lateD.first(2).【C2】（分数：
13、2.00）A.thoseB.themC.whoseD.which(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiative(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reduction(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.even(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Although(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.mili
14、tantly(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreover(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.overB.inC.atD.about(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensing三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：40.00)The animal dissection requirement of biology classes has been getting under the skin of stude
15、nts for generations, and there have always been some who asked to be excused from the requirement. Now, a growing number of technological alternatives are making it possible for students to swap that scalpel for a computer mouse. There are laws in nearly a dozen states including California, Florida,
16、 New York protecting a students choice to learn about animal anatomy sans scalpel. Some students choosing to opt out feel we should be kinder to our web-footed friends. Others are just queasy at the thought of rubbery frog bodies and the smell of formaldehyde. Dissection is icy. Theres a yuck factor
17、. “ admits Brian Shmaersky, a boared member with the National Association of Biology Teachers. “ And a teacher has to weigh the benefits with the cost of students being offended to the point that it interferes with learning. “ Virtual blades. So for cases in which a real dissection would be too slim
18、y, its time to try some toad tech. While the first computer-based alternatives to dissection emerged in the 1980s, modern frog dissection software can be found at different websites. These software programs use creative clicking, high-powered zoom functions, and video clips to teach anatomy. Froguts
19、 software, for example, lets students trace incision lines with a computer mouse and snip through skin with a virtual blade. There are even sound effects like a “slish“ for slicing frog flesh, or a “shwoosh“ for pinning down skin flaps.(Schools currently pay about $ 300 for a one-year software licen
20、se, though some organizations will lend programs out free of charge.) Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic(the Greek word for “touch“)frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting
21、into real flesh. The hand-held device connects to a computer, and students move the device through the air while watching the results of their actions on a computer screen. With Digital Frog a popular program thats had approximately 1, 500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in
22、 2, 000 schools students can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click. They can then assess their learning with sporadic frog anatomy quizzes. “Repetition is helpful. The fact that a student can review sections of a program over and over again is important,“ says Martin Stephe
23、ns, vice president for animal research issues at the Humane Society of the United States. “In dissections, the animals organs are all shriveled and discolored. You look for things and cant find them because body parts have changed drastically since the animal was killed. But on a computer screen, la
24、yers can be digitally peeled away. “ Other experts think the dissection technology has its limits. Gerry Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association, says that artificial simulations dont give as enriching an experience as the real thing. Still others worry the programs
25、are depriving kids of experiential learning.（分数：8.00）(1).The word “swap“(Line 4, Paragraph 1)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.throw awayC.rejectD.refuse(2).Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reason except that_.（分数：2.00）A.dissect
26、ion consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smellsB.they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulationC.they are offended when fulfilling the requirements of animal dissectionD.they insist that people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects.
27、(3).Brian Shmaefskys statement implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.He indeed supports the studentsanimal protection movementB.He thinks the animal dissection should be bannedC.He thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectivelyD.He always evaluates the teaching effect by w
28、eighing reluctant factors of cost and effect(4).The authors attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be_.（分数：2.00）A.supportiveB.doubtfulC.indifferentD.provocativeMany people dread going on foreign assignments sometimes even before theyve gone on one. They hear stories about how exhausting and d
29、isorienting business travel can be. They worry about getting sick, getting lonely, or getting killed. Theyre afraid they wont be liked or that they wont succeed. But the fact is that for many people a foreign assignment can be the opportunity and thrill of a lifetime. The Wall Street Journal reports
30、 the story of John Aliberti, who had spent his career working to become a midlevel manager for Union Switch in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Aliberti seemed like an odd choice for an overseas assignment; He had no experience in international travel and business. But when he was chosen to represent the c
31、ompany as technical expert and representative in China, Aliberti responded with enthusiasm; “Back home, the work we do, its been done for decades. In China youre breaking new ground. Its a milestone in the history of the world. “ By viewing his China assignment as an exciting adventure, Aliberti lar
32、gely bypassed the negative effects of culture shock. According to the Well Street Journal, “The crowds and chaotic lines dont faze him. He becomes animated telling stories of long train trips to out-of-the-way cities like Nanchang, where Union Switch is helping to build a railroad yard.“ Aliberts en
33、thusiastic attitude and his active interest in learning about the culture and business practices in China have helped him become a central figure in his companys China operations. His job in Pittsburgh is two rungs below vice president. In China, according to his boss, “ He acts like a president or
34、CEO. Thats got to turn him on. “（分数：8.00）(1).John Aliberti seemed like an odd choice for overseas assignment because_.（分数：2.00）A.he is the most experienced member of the company.B.he has been to China many times.C.he has been promoted to the top-level position of the companyD.he has little experienc
35、e in traveling abroad(2).“Aliberti largely bypassed the negative effects of culture shock. “ “Bypass“(Para. 3)means _.（分数：2.00）A.ignoreB.pass awayC.avoidD.shortcut(3).The following statements are correct about John Aliberti except_.（分数：2.00）A.he is good at selling his experience of traveling in Chin
36、aB.he is troubled by the crowds and confused transportation in ChinaC.he is excited about travelling ground ChinaD.he is breaking new ground for his company(4).The story of John Aliberti tells us that_.（分数：2.00）A.culture shock is easy to deal with.B.many people dread going on business.C.the transpor
37、tation of China is confused to foreigners.D.you can deal with culture shock well with an active interest in learning about the culture.The period of adolescence, i. e. , the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as t
38、o what constututes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of th
39、e second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescence period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance an
40、d there is no longer agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and
41、 while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the education ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and resp
42、onsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full
43、 fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of 16 the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and ch
44、oices. He now can obtain a drivers license, he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of 18 the law provides adult prsponsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At
45、 the age of 21 the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, buy liquor, enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal
46、 provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.（分数：8.00）(1).The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because_.（分数：2.00）A.the definiton of maturity has changedB.the industrialized society is more develope
47、dC.more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeD.ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance(2).Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to_.（分数：2.00）A.graduations from schools and collegesB.social recogni
48、tionC.socio-economic statusD.certain behavioral changes(3).No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is_.（分数：2.00）A.eleven years oldB.sixteen years oldC.twenty-one years oldD.between twelve and twenty-one years old(4).Starting from 22, _.（分数：2.00）A.one will obtain more basic
49、 rightsB.the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveC.one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21D.one will enjoy more rights granted by society“ Tear em apart! “ “ Kill the fool!“ “ Murder the referee!“ These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough.
